Bio 205 Chapter 10
What is the advantage of forcing materials to travel through cells instead of between cells? All of these choices are correct. Exposure to bacteria or viruses is limited. Cells can control which materials are transported. Exposure to toxins is limited.
All of these choices are correct
Which of the following comparisons between gap junctions and plasmodesmata is NOT true? In plasmodesmata, the plasma membranes of the connected cells are continuous, while in gap junctions, the plasma membranes of the connected cells remain distinct. All of these choices are correct. Both allow exchange of material between cells, but gap junctions allow larger-sized molecules to transfer between cells. Gap junctions connect cells directly at the plasma membranes, but plasmodesmata must also bridge the cell wall separating the two cells. Animal cells have gap junctions, and plant cells have plasmodesmata.
Both allow exchange of material between cells, but gap junctions allow larger-sized molecules to transfer between cells
Which of the following is NOT true about cadherins? Cadherins are proteins involved in attachment of cells to the extracellular matrix. Cadherins are proteins that provide a pathway for molecules to move between cells. Cadherins are proteins involved in attachment of cells to neighboring cells. Cadherins are cell adhesion molecules found in cell junctions.
Cadherins are proteins that provide a pathway for molecules to move between cells
Which one of the following statements about intracellular transport is TRUE? Intermediate filaments, microfilaments, and microtubules all facilitate cellular movement of one kind or another. Microtubules and microfilaments facilitate cellular movement, but intermediate filaments do not. Microtubules and intermediate filaments facilitate cellular movement, but microfilaments do not. Intermediate filaments and microfilaments facilitate cellular movement, but microtubules do not.
Microtubules and microfilaments facilitate cellular movement, but intermediate filaments do not.
Motor proteins cause movement by: (1) undergoing a conformational change, (2) harnessing energy from ATP, and (3) binding to the cytoskeleton. Statements (1), (2), and (3) are correct. Statements (1) and (3) are correct. Statements (2) and (3) are correct. Statements (1) and (2) are correct.
Statements (1), (2), and (3) are correct
Which of the following best describes a role that microfilaments play in the structure and function of red blood cells? A., They anchor and orient the O2-bearing hemoglobin protein molecules. B., They provide a track for directing O2 to the proper cellular locations. C., They maintain the biconcave shape to maximize gas exchange.
They maintain the biconcave shape to maximize gas exchange
Microtubules form from dimers of _____ and ______subunits that polymerize into a ____________ A., +tubulin; −tubulin; double helix B., beta-tubulin; gamma-tubulin; beta sheet C., alpha-tubulin; beta-tubulin; hollow tube D., an amino acid; phosphate; double helix
alpha-tubulin; beta-tubulin; hollow tube
Which of the following CORRECTLY lists components of extracellular matrix found in plants? lignin, pectin, and keratin cellulose, pectin, and lignin collagen, laminin, and elastin collagen, lignin, laminin, and pectin
cellulose, pectin, and lignin
Which of the following is a component of the extracellular matrix produced by an animal cell? All of these choices are correct. cellulose cadherin collagen
collagen
The ability of microtubules to undergo rapid ___________ and slower ____________ is associated with the ability of the ______________ to explore the cell and locate chromosomes. A., polymerization; depolymerization; microtubules B., depolymerization; polymerization; spindle apparatus , C., synthesis; hydrolysis; cytoskeleton elements D., synthesis; hydrolysis; microtubule
depolymerization; polymerization; spindle apparatus
Which of the following pairs includes cell junctions that perform similar functions? tight junctions and desmosomes desmosomes and adherens junctions desmosomes and plasmodesmata tight junctions and adherens junctions
desmosomes and adherens junctions
Microtubules are __________ because they __________ and depolymerize at their ends. A., unstable; hydrolyze B., stable; polymerize C., dynamic; polymerize D., dynamic; hydrolyze
dynamic; polymerize
The basis for movement of cilia and flagella is the interaction of the motor protein __________ with the cytoskeletal elements called ____________. A., dynein; actin filaments B., tubulin; dynein C., myosin; actin filaments D., dynein; microtubules E., kinesin; microtubules
dynein; microtubules
Structures known as microvilli are associated with: communication between cells. increased surface area for gas exchange. adhesion to the extracellular matrix. increased surface area for nutrient absorption.
increased surface area for nutrient absorption
Microfilaments help a cell ____________________ A., strengthen the plasma membrane. B., maintain its size and shape. , C., separate chromosomes during anaphase of mitosis.
maintain its size and shape
Cells with cilia or flagella rely mainly on _____ to facilitate their movement. microfilaments microtubules intermediate filaments
microtubules
Dynamic instability is the rapid assembly and disassembly of: microfilaments. microtubules. intermediate filaments. both microfilaments and microtubules.
microtubules
Which type of cell junction prevents the movement of substances through the space between cells? adherens junctions desmosomes gap junctions hemidesmosomes tight junctions
tight junctions
The extracellular matrix can influence: cell shape. gene expression. All of these choices are correct. cell movement
All of these choices are correct.
Cell movement can be facilitated by microfilaments in what way? A, by gliding past each other using energy from ATP B., by bending according to transmembrane signals C., by dynamic growing and shrinking at the ends
by dynamic growing and shrinking at the ends
Some cytoskeletal elements are more permanent than others. Which components of the cytoskeleton are dynamic structures? both microtubules and intermediate filaments microtubules both microtubules and microfilaments microfilaments intermediate filaments
both microtubules and microfilaments
Microtubules can grow by addition of tubulin dimers to _______________, and they can shorten by removal of dimers from ______________. A., the plus end; the minus end B., the minus end; the plus end C., both plus and minus ends; the minus end D., both plus and minus ends; both plus and minus ends , E., the plus end; both plus and minus ends
both plus and minus ends; both plus and minus ends
Myosin motor proteins use ATP to: carry vesicles along a microfilament within a cell in a plus-to-minus direction. carry vesicles along a microtubule within a cell in a plus-to-minus direction. carry vesicles along a microfilament within a cell in a minus-to-plus direction. carry vesicles along a microtubule within a cell in a minus-to-plus direction. slide along intermediate filaments to contract muscle cells.
carry vesicles along a microfilament within a cell in a minus-to-plus direction
Dynein motor proteins use ATP to: carry vesicles along a microtubule within a cell in a plus-to-minus direction. carry vesicles along a microfilament within a cell in a plus-to-minus direction. slide along microfilaments to contract muscle cells. carry vesicles along a microfilament within a cell in a minus-to-plus direction. carry vesicles along a microtubule within a cell in a minus-to-plus direction.
carry vesicles along a microtubule within a cell in a plus-to-minus direction.
The plus ends of both microtubules and microfilaments differentiate from the minus ends: A., in that new tubulin or actin subunits are added rather than removed. B., in that new tubulin or actin subunits are added more quickly. C., in that the end that always grows in the direction the cell is moving.
in that new tubulin or actin subunits are added more quickly
Which of the following provide structural support for epithelial cells, such as those in the skin (keratinocytes)? microtubules and microfilaments microtubules intermediate filaments microfilaments microfilaments and intermediate filaments
intermediate filaments
Which of the following enable(s) the movement of cells? intermediate filaments microfilaments microfilaments and intermediate filaments microtubules microtubules and microfilaments
microtubules and microfilaments
The cytoskeleton of animal cells includes: microtubules and microfilaments. tubulin, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments. actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. actin, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments. microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.
microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.
Contraction of muscles is an example of how the motor protein _______ interacts with the cytoskeletal elements called _____________ to produce movement. A., actin; dynein B., myosin; dynein C., myosin; actin filaments D., dynein; microtubules E., kinesin; microtubules
myosin; actin filaments
Which of the following would be more likely to cause development of a microvillus on an intestinal epithelial cell? A., plus (+) end growth of microfilaments at the tip of the microvillus and shrinkage at the minus (−) end B., plus (+) end growth of microfilaments at the tip of the microvillus but no shrinkage at the minus (−) end , C., minus end growth of microfilaments at the tip of the microvillus and shrinkage at the plus (+) end
plus (+) end growth of microfilaments at the tip of the microvillus but no shrinkage at the minus (−) end