BIO 207 Chapter 23 Lecture Exam

All of the following take place during the absorptive state except: A. ketone bodies begin to form B. blood glucose levels rise C. estrogen promotes protein synthesis D. insulin stimulates triglycerides E. aerobic metabolism provides increased synthesis of blood lipid levels

A

The citric acid cycle: A. begins with the formation of a molecule of citric acid B. directly produces most of the ATP from the catabolism of glucose C. consumes two moles of carbon dioxide D. contains enzymes called cytochromes E. forms acetyl-CoA from glucose-6-phosphate

A

The function of the citric acid cycle is to: A. remove hydrogen atoms from organic molecules and transfer them to coenzymes B. transfer the acetyl group C. hydrolyze glucose D. produce carbon dioxide E. produce water

A

Urea is formed in the: A. liver B. stomach C. kidneys D. small intestine E. large intestine

A

What raises blood sugar levels: A. glucagon B. lipids C. insulin D. glucose

A

When the body is relying on internal energy reserves to continue meeting its energy demands, it is in the ____ state: A. postabsorptive B. absorptive C. starvation D. deprivation E. preabsorptive

A

ATP synthase uses released energy to make ____: A. ADP B. ATP C. both A and B D. none of the above

B

All of the following are reasons why glucose is the primary energy source for cells except: A. glucose is a small, soluble molecule B. glycogen breakdown occurs very slowly C. glucose can be stored efficiently D. glycogen breakdown involves only a single enzymatic step E. glycolysis does not require oxygen to generate ATP

B

All of the following occur during the postabsorptive state except that: A. glycogen is broken down into glucose in the liver B. levels of blood glucose are elevated C. ketone bodies may be formed D. lipid mobilization occurs E. gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver

B

During the postabsorptive state, which of the following enhances the effects of glucocorticoids: A. insulin B. growth hormone C. glucagon D. epinephrine E. androgens

B

Fatty acids that are necessary for proper health but cannot be synthesized by the body are called: A. water-soluble vitamins B. essential fatty acids C. high-density lipoproteins D. low-density lipoproteins E. chylomicrons

B

Where does the TCA or Krebs cycle occur: A. cytoplasm B. mitochondria C. nucleus D. none of the above

B

What is a nutrient pool: A. a general term for vitamins and minerals together B. the metabolic reserves of the body as a whole C. the region in the mitochondria where hydrogen atoms are removed from organic molecules D. an accessible source of substrates for a cell E. an alternative form for a bolus of food in the digestive system

?

Which of the following body systems is not involved in capturing or creating energy that is used to maintain one's metabolism: A. digestive B. lymphatic C. integumentary D. cardiovascular E. muscular

?

The conversion of ammonia into a less toxic substance produces: A. ketone bodies B. urea C. nitrate D. acetyl-CoA E. water

B

Which step of glucose metabolism yields the greater amount of ATP: A. glycolysis B. electron transport system C. citric acid cycle D. glycolysis + citric acid cycle E. none of these answers are correct

B

Amino acids are used by all cells for____: A. transduction B. transmission C. transamination D. translation

D

Wally decides to go on a hunger strike to further one of his favorite causes. After many days with nothing but water you would expect to observe: A. elevated levels of glucocorticoids B. ketone bodies in his urine C. lowered blood pH D. all of the answers are correct E. none of these answers are correct

D

Which of the following is not true of lipoprotein lipase: A. interferes with triglyceride utilization B. prolongs the circulation time of chylomicrons C. found in capillary walls D. decreases the breakdown of fatty acids E. increases release of monoglycerides

D

True or False: During aerobic conditions, pyruvic acid continues to the ETC

False

True or False: If in excess, HDL will deposit cholesterol in arteries (plaque formation).

False

True or False: Energy is stored in chemical bonds

True

Glycolytic breakdown of glucose first results in _____ molecules: A. 2 pyruvate B. 4 NADH C. 4 ATP D. 2 CO2 E. 2 H2O

A

How does the body make energy: A. ingestion B. digestion C. both A and B D. none of the above

C

In oxidative phosphorylation, energy for the synthesis of ATP is directly obtained from the: A. splitting o oxygen molecules B. breaking of the covalent bonds in glucose C. movement of hydrogen ions through channels in the inner mitochondrial membrane D. combination of 2 atoms of hydrogen and 1 atom of oxygen to form water E. oxidation of acetyl-CoA

C

In transamination, the amino group of an amino acid is ____, yielding a different amino acid: A. converted to ammonia B. converted to urea C. transferred to another molecule D. absorbed by water E. transferred to acetyl- CoA

C

Linoleic acid and linlenic acid are examples of: A. transport proteins B. lipoproteins C. essential fatty acids D. essential amino acids E. non-essential amino acids

C

Reactions within ____ provide most of the energy needed by a typical cell: A. cytoplasm B. the plasma membrane C. the mitochondria D. the endoplasmic reticulum E. the nucleus

C

The nutrients that yield the most energy per gram when metabolized are: A. carbohydrates B. proteins C. lipids D.nucleic acids E. vitamins

C

What is the glucose storage stimulated by: A. glucagon B. ATP C. insulin D. none of the above

C

What is the primary fuel used by cells to make ATP: A. starch B. carbohydrates C. glucose D. none of the above

C

What is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the body called: A. cellular metabolism B. ATP C. metabolism D. none of the above

C

____ creates 90% of the ATP normally generated: A. lipogenesis B. the electron transport system C. oxidative phosphorylation D. glycolysis E. transamination

C

Cells do not synthesize new organic components for which of the following reasons: A. structural maintenance B. growth and repair C. production of secretions D. creation of essential amino acids E. regulation of hemeostasis

D

Glycolysis breaks down glucose into what: A. citric acid B. NADH C. glutaraldehyde D. pyruvate E. phosphate

D

Lipogenesis generally begins with: A. glucose B. amino acids C. fatty acids D. acetyl-CoA E. succinyl-CoA

D

Of the 20 amino acids, ____ are essential amino acids that the body either cannot synthesize or that cannot be produced in amounts sufficient for growing children: A. 2 B. 6 C. 8 D. 10 E. 20

D

The lipoproteins that carry absorbed lipids from the intestinal tract to the bloodstream are the: A. high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) B. very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) C. low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) D. chylomicrons E. none of these answers are correct

D

Cells perform catabolism to generate ATP, which can be used for all of the following except: A. muscle contraction B. ion transport C. protein synthesis D. glycogen synthesis E. diffusion

E

In the ETS, ____ accepts electrons from 1 molecule and transfers them to another: A. a hydrogen ion B. water C. the acetyl group D. ATP E. a coenzyme of a cytochrome

E

The process that catalyzes fatty acids using enzymes that generate acetyl-CoA is called: A. lipolysis B. lipogenesis C. emulsification D. oxidative phosphorylation E. beta-oxidation

E

The sum of all of the biochemical processes going on within the human body at any given time is called: A. glycolysis B. oxidative phsophorylation C. catabolism D. anabolism E. metabolism

E