BIO 208 Exam 1 CARLA

In albinism, _____ is not produced.

Melanin

Perspiration is an example of what mode of secretion?

Merocrine.

Epithelial cells that are adapted for absorption or secretion usually have __________ at their free surface.

Microvilli.

An important buffer in body fluid is

NaHCO3 (sodium bicarbonate)

When the arrector pili muscles contract

"goose bumps" are formed.

Following is a list of the steps involved in the process of secretion by the Golgi apparatus. 1) Material moves from ER to Golgi apparatus by means of transport vesicles. 2) Exocytosis 3) Three types of vesicles develop. 4) Secretary vesicles carry secretions to cell surface. 5) Vesicles add membrane and protein. 6. Enzymes modify arriving proteins and glycoproteins. The proper sequence for these is:

1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 2

Each of the following is an example of negative feedback except one. Identify the exception: 1) Increased pressure in the aorta triggers mechanisms to lower blood pressure. 2) A rise in blood calcium levels triggers the release of a hormone that lowers blood calcium levels. 3) A rise in estrogen during the menstrual cycle increases the number of progesterone receptors in the uterus. 4) Increased blood sugar stimulates the release of a hormone from the pancreas that stimulates the liver to store blood sugar. 5) A decrease in body temperature triggers a neural response that initiates physiological changes to increase body temperature.

3

Which of the following sequences is correct? 1) DNA-tRNA-mRNA-protein 2) DNA-ribosome-mRNA-protein 3) DNA-mRNA-tRNA-protein 4) DNA-mRNA-rRNA-protein 5) none of these

3) DNA-mRNA-tRNA-protein

Each of the following is a primary tissue type EXCEPT 1) muscle tissue 2) nervous tissue 3) bone tissue 4) connective tissue 5) epithelial tissue

3) bone tissue

The pigment melanin 1) is produced by cells called melanocytes and is found in higher concentration in individuals with darker skin. 2) is usually some shade of yellow or brown. 3) protects DNA from the damaging effects of U.V. radiation. 4) all of these

4) all of these

The term "cancer" refers to 1) any of various malignant neoplasms. 2) neoplasms that have the tendency to metastasize to new sites. 3) an illness characterized by malignant cells. 4) all of these 5) none of these

4) all of these

The following is a list of several levels of organization that make up the human body: 1) tissue, 2) cell, 3) organ, 4) molecule, 5) organism, 6) organ system. The correct order from the smallest to the largest level would be:

4, 2, 1, 3, 6, 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane? 1) Separation of the cytoplasm from the extracellular fluid. 2) Regulation of exchange of materials with the environment. 3) Sensitivity to changes in the extracellular fluid. 4) Structural support. 5) Controlling movement in the nucleus.

5) Controlling movement in the nucleus.

Epidermal ridges 1) extend into the dermis. 2) interconnect with the dermal papillae. 3) cause ridge patterns on the surface of the skin. 4) produce patterns that are determined genetically. 5) all of these.

5) all of these

Which of the following is a type of secretion in which some cytoplasm is lost with the product?

Apocrine.

When a fair-skinned person blushes, why does his or her skin turn red?

The blood supply to the skin increases.

One would find pseudostratified columnar epithelium lining the

Trachea

The urinary bladder and renal pelvis have this type of tissue.

Transitional epithelium.

Epithelium is connected to underlying connective tissue by

a basement membrane.

When two monosaccharides undergo a dehydration synthesis,

a disaccharide is formed

An unstable isotope that emits subatomic particles spontaneously is called

a radioisotope

A "rug burn" is an example of a(n)

abrasion.

The condition that results from clogged sebaceous glands is

acne.

A process that requires cellular energy to move a substance against its concentration gradient is called

active transport.

Cells that store fat are called

adipocytes

If a substance has a pH that is greater than 7, it is

alkaline.

A chemical imbalance in a heart muscle cell can cause the heart to cease pumping blood, which in turn will cause other tissues and organs to cease functioning. This observation supports the view that:

all levels of organization within an organism are interdependent.

Most body odor is the result of bacterial metabolism of the secretions produced by

apocrine sweat glands.

Which of the following tissues would be the MOST RADIO-DENSE?

bone

The group of organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a near 1:2:1 ratio is defined as a

carbohydrate

The internal transport of blood and dissolved substances is the function of the:

cardiovascular system

Ionic bonds are formed when

cations and anions are held together by their opposite charges

Ions with a positive charge are called:

cations.

Cells are considered the smallest units of life because:

cells are composed of organelles, each of which is responsible for a particular "life-giving" function.

When sodium ions are moved across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient,

cellular ATP is used.

The classes of membrane proteins that permit water and solutes to bypass the lipid portion of the cell membrane are

channel proteins

Water molecules and small ions enter a cell through

channels in some cell membrane proteins.

Approximately seventy-five percent of cancers in the aging population are the result of

chemical exposures and environmental factors.

The dominant fiber type in dense connective tissue is

collagen.

The study of cells is called:

cytology

The movement of oxygen from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is an example of

diffusion.

All atoms of the same atomic number are grouped into:

elements.

Chemical reactions that require an input of energy exceeding that released, such as the addition of heat, are said to be

endergonic

The pituitary and thyroid glands are components of the:

endocrine system

The two components of the cutaneous membrane are the

epidermis and dermis.

The tissue that always has a free surface exposed to the internal or external environment is

epithelial tissue.

The watery (and salty) medium that surrounds a cell is known as

extracellular fluid.

The process that separates solid particles from liquids is known as

filtration

In dealing with physiology, function is related to its:

form.

All of the triplet codes needed to produce a specific polypeptide chain are found in a(n)

gene.

A polysaccharide that is formed in the liver and muscle to store glucose is

glycogen

Accessory structures of the skin include

hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands, and nails

The study of tissues is called:

histology

The maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment in an organism is termed:

homeostasis

Hemolysis occurs when a blood cell is placed into

hypotonic solution

A solution that contains a lower solute concentration than the cytoplasm of a cell is called

hypotonic.

When the skin is exposed to dangerous ultraviolet radiation, a "tan" can result from

increasing melanin production.

An inflammation resulting from a pathogen is known as a(n)

infection.

Skin, hair, and nails are associated with the:

integumentary system

Facilitated diffusion differs from ordinary diffusion in that facilitated diffusion

limits the rate of molecule movement by limiting the number of available carrier molecules.

Simple cuboidal epithelium would be found

lining the chambers of the thyroid gland.

A transitional epithelium would be found

lining the urinary bladder.

Defense against infection and disease is the function of the:

lymphatic system

Locomotion, support of internal organs, and heat production are the functions of which system?

muscular

When body temperature rises, a center in the brain initiates physiological changes to decrease the body temperature. This is an example of:

negative feedback

Isotopes of an element differ in the number of:

neutrons in the nucleus.

The chemical behavior of an atom is determined by the:

number and arrangement of electrons.

You would expect to find a peptide bond linking

one amino acid to an amino group of another

The movement of water across a membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration is known as

osmosis.

The layer of the skin that contains the blood vessels and nerves that supply the surface of the skin is the

papillary layer.

The branch of physiology that studies functions modified by disease is called:

pathology

If a pair of electrons is unequally shared between two atoms, this type of bond occurs.

polar covalent bond

A fatty acid that contains three double covalent bonds in its carbon chain is said to be

polyunsaturated

The increasingly forceful labor contractions that lead to childbirth are an example of this type of mechanism:

positive feedback

The atomic weight of an element indicates the average number of:

protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

The atomic number represents the number of:

protons in an atom.

Glands that discharge a waxy secretion into hair follicles are

sebaceous glands.

Cell membranes are said to be

selectively permeable.

The type of epithelium found where absorption or secretion takes place is

simple cuboidal.

The alveoli of the lungs are made of

simple squamous epithelia.

The type of epithelium that is found lining internal body compartments and blood vessels is

simple squamous.

Support, protection of soft tissues, mineral storage, and blood formation are functions of which system?

skeletal

Skin can regenerate effectively even after considerable damage has occurred because

stem cells persist in both the epithelial and connective tissue components of the skin even after injury.

The layer of the epidermis that contains cells undergoing division is the

stratum germinativum.

The layer of the epidermis that contains melanocytes is the

stratum germinativum.

The reproducing cells of the skin are located in the

stratum germinativum.

An epidermal layer found only in the skin of the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet is the

stratum lucidum.

The study of specific organ system function is called:

system physiology

Examples of fibrous connective tissue include

tendons and ligaments only.

If the amount of sodium ion in blood plasma increases

the blood osmotic pressure will increase.

The basic structural and functional unit of the human body is

the cell

Stretch marks occur when

the skin is so extensively stretched that its elastic limits are exceeded.

The type of burn that may require a skin graft is a

third degree burn.

A type of intercellular connection in which the outermost lipid portions of the two cell membranes is fused is termed a(n)

tight junction.

Cells of similar structure and function are organized into groups called

tissues.

The most common fat found in the human body is in the form of

triglycerides

In a molecule of nitrogen, three pairs of electrons are shared by two nitrogen atoms. The type of bond that is formed would be an example of a

triple covalent bond.

The kidneys and urinary bladder are components of the:

urinary system

Which of the following substances would be LEAST acidic? 1) lemon juice, pH = 5.5 2) urine, pH = 6 3) tomato juice, pH = 4 4) white wine, pH = 3 5) stomach secretions, pH = 2

urine, pH = 6

Two solutions are separated by a semipermeable membrane with the same properties as a cell membrane. Solution A is 5% glucose and solution B is 10% glucose. Under these circumstances

water will move from solution A to solution B.