BIO 208 - EXAM 4

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Why is the number of gonorrhea infections reported in the US is probably much lower than the actual number of cases?

-Individuals do not seek treatment due to the stigma of a sexually transmitted disease. -Many cases are asymptomatic.

Which of the following are contributing factors to the pathogenicity of N. gonorrhoeae?

-protease cleaving IgA on mucosal surfaces -fimbriae promoting attachment to other cocci and to tissue surfaces -surface molecules attachment to other cocci and to tissue surfaces

Which can be causes of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)?

-Gonococcal infection spreading to the upper reproductive structures such as the fallopian tubes -Chlamydia infection of the female reproductive tract

Which of the following statements about Gonorrhea are correct?

-Incidence of gonorrhea is probably higher than reported due to asymptomatic infections. -Gonorrhea is among the top five sexually transmitted diseases. -Gonorrhea is strictly a human pathogen

N. gonorrhoeae survives for ______ on fomites.

1-2 hours

The antibiotic of choice for pharyngitis caused by S. pyogenes is ________ _________

penicillin V

S. pyogenes gains a foothold in the host, usually when defenses are lowered, through the ______.

pharynx and skin

The common name for Streptococcus pneumoniae is the _____.

pneumococcus

an important test for identifying Neisseria is

production of oxidase

The individuals most at risk for infection with gonorrhea include ______ with multiple sexual partners:

young adults

What do all cutaneous lesions of Staphylococcus aureus have in common?

All are skin abscesses.

groups __________ and _________ streptococci are common microbiota of domestic animals but can be isolated from the human upper respiratory tract and occasionally cause pharyngitis imitating Group A streptococci.

C, G

A significant number of gonorrhea infections are __________, which leads to many cases not being reported to health authorities.

asymptomatic

Among the Staphylococci, only Staphylococcus __________ produces coagulase.

aureus

Among the Staphylococci, only Staphylococcus ___________ produces coagulase.

aureus

CA-MRSA stands for __________-acquired methicillin __________ Staphylococcus aureus.

community, resistant

True or false: Most Neisseriaceae are primary human pathogens, while a few are commensals of humans.

false

True or false: S. aureus exhibits fewer virulence factors than S. epidermidis.

false

True or false: S. pneumoniae can survive for long periods out of its habitat.

false

After entry into the host, N. gonorrhoeae attaches by ___________ to the epithelial surface.

fimbriae

Which are the main virulence factors of N. gonorrhoeae?

fimbriae

The main virulence factors of N. gonorrhoeae are the __________, which play a role in adherence and preventing _________ by host cells.

fimbriae, phagocytosis

Transmission of S. pyogenes is through ______.

fomites, respiratory droplets, and direct contact

In the presence of sugar, S. oralis, S. gordonii, and S. mutans produce slime layers made of __________ polymers that adhere to ________ surfaces, leading to plaque formation and tooth decay.

glucose, tooth

The common name for Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the ________

gonococcus

Which is the common name for Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

gonococcus

________ is a sexually transmitted disease caused by a member of the Neisseria that has been known since ancient times. Listen to the complete question

gonorrhea

The most severe streptococcal diseases are caused by

group A streptococci

Which of the following host defenses is considered the most effective in combating S. aureus infection?

phagocytic response

Strep throat is more accurately referred to as streptococcal _________

pharyngitis

_________ are common inhabitants of the skin and mucous membranes.

staphylococci

An infection caused by S. pyogenes and which causes redness, swelling, tenderness, and pain of the throat is known as ______.

streptococcal pharyngitis

The alternative name for ________ __________ is pneumococcus, and diseases caused by it are termed pneumococcal.

streptococcus pneumoniae

which of the following is/are a pyogenic coccus/cocci?

streptococcus, staphylococcus, and neisseria

Viridans streptococci commonly cause

subacute endocarditis

Typical signs and symptoms of gonorrhea include _________ in males, eye infections in _________, and pelvic inflammatory disease in women.

urethritis, babies

S. aureus exhibits more __________ factors than almost any other pathogen.

virulence

the major _________ factor of S. pneumoniae is its large capsule.

virulence

Gonorrhea is asymptomatic in __________% of males and _________% of females, which increases the persistence and spread of N. gonorrhoeae.

10, 50

What is the infectious dose of gonorrhea?

100 to 1000 colony-forming units

The infectious dose of gonorrhea is _________ to ________ colony-forming units.

100, 1000

5% to _______% of all people carry S. pneumoniae as normal __________ in the nasopharynx.

50, microbiota

Streptococcus pyogenes belongs to which group of streptococci?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes is a member of Group _______ streptococci.

A

S. pneumoniae infection can occur through which of the following?

Endogenous flora and respiratory droplets

A sample of beta-hemolytic streptococci is Bacitracin-resistant and CAMP factor positive would be placed in which of the following groups?

Group B (S. agalactiae)

Which groups of beta-hemolytic streptococci are resistant to bacitracin?

Group C/G (S. equisimilis) Group D (E. faecalis) Group B (S. agalactiae)

Which groups of beta-hemolytic, bacitracin-resistant streptococci are found in the human respiratory tract and are responsible for disseminated infections in immunocompromised patients?

Group G (S. equisimilis) and Group C (S. equisimilis)

a 60-year old client asks the nurse about vaccination against meningitis. he relates that he traveling to South Sudan, a high-risk area for meningitis. which vaccine is most appropriate?

MCV-4 (menactra)

Streptococcal pharyngitis should be treated with which drug?

Penicillin

Which species causes gonorrhea?

N. gonorrhoeae

the species _________ _________ is responsible for causing gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum.

N. gonorrhoeae

which genus of bacteria has pathogens that can cause blindness?

Neisseria

a client is being seen in the clinic for treatment of recurrent pelvic inflammatory disease. the nurse recognizes that this condition most frequently follows which type of infection?

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Diseases caused by S. pneumoniae include which of the following?

Pneumonia, Otitis media, and Meningitis

General characteristics of streptococci include which of the following?

Spherical shape, facultative anaerobes, and arranged in long, beadlike chains

Which of the following species uses coagulase to cause plasma clotting?

Staphylococcus aureus

which infectious agent of those covered in the chapter would most likely be acquired from a contaminated doorknob?

Staphylococcus aureus

Which of the following causes of pneumonia matches this description: small, gram-positive lancet-shaped cells arranged in pairs and short chains?

Streptococcus pneumoniae

_______ ________, which causes pneumonia and otitis media, is a small, gram-positive, lancet-shaped coccus arranged in pairs and short chains that is alpha-hemolytic on blood agar.

Streptococcus pneumoniae

which of the following strains of pathogens has the lowest incidence?

VRSA

Which group of bacteria plays a significant role in development of tooth decay (dental caries)?

Viridans streptococci

When is N. gonorrhoeae is most infectious?

When transmitted through direct contact

Most Neisseriaceae are ________ but two are primary human _________

commensals, pathogens

A local staphylococcal infection often manifests as an inflamed, fibrous lesion enclosing a core of pus called a(n)

abcess

All of the following are types of infections caused by S. agalactiae except ______.

acute glomerulonephritis

Which of the following are functions of the fimbriae of N. gonorrhoeae?

adherence and preventing phagocytosis

The individuals most at risk for gonorrhea are young ________ with multiple _______ partners

adults, sexual

_______ hemolysis is the partial lysis of red blood cells due to bacterial hemolysins

alpha

______ acquired MRSA is most often acquired outside of the hospital setting.

community

The major virulence factor of S. pneumoniae is its ______.

capsule

the _______ test is most often used to distinguish S. aureus from other staphylococcal species.

coagulase

the ____________ test is most often used to distinguish S. aureus from other staphylococcal species.

coagulase

Which of the following tests is often used to distinguish S. aureus from other staphylococcal species?

coagulase test

Gram-positive and gram-negative ________ are among the most significant infectious agents of humans.

cocci

When growing in liquid culture, ________ generally have a spherical shape arranged in long __________

cocci, chains

When growing in liquid culture, ___________ generally have a spherical shape arranged in long ___________

cocci, chains

S. pneumoniae in respiratory droplets that land on fomites will ______.

die quickly, preventing transmission

which of the following effects is/are caused by formation of an infectious biofilm?

disseminated infection, failure of drug therapy, and colonization of tissues

what virulence factor is associated with the development of skin hemorrhages in meningitis?

endotoxins in the blood

the symptoms in scarlet fever are due to

erythrogenic toxin

True or false: Asymptomatic infection with gonorrhea decreases the persistence and spread of N. gonorrhoeae.

false

True or false: Fomites are a common source of infection in gonorrhea because N. gonorrhoeae survives for long periods of time on inanimate surfaces.

false

match each description with the correct word: _____furuncle _____osteomyelitis _____coagulase _____erythrogenic toxin _____rheumatic fever _____beta-hemolysis _____consolidation _____viridans streptococci _____erysipelas _____endocarditis _____streptolysin _____streptokinase a. complete red blood cell lysis b. substance involved in heart valve damage c. enzyme that dissolves clots d. enzyme of pathogenic S. aureus e. cutaneous infection of group A steps f. solidification of lung alveoli g. unique pathologic feature of N. gonorrhoeae h. a boil i. cause of tooth abscesses j. focal infection of long bones k. heart colonization by oral steps l. cause of scarlet fever symptoms m. long-term sequelae of strep throat

h, j, d, l, m, a, f, i, e, k, b, c

rheumatic fever damages the _________, and glomerulonephritis damages the _________

heart valves, kidneys

Gonorrhea is a strictly _________ infection and ranks among the top ______ sexually transmitted diseases.

human, five

Which is the most significant reservoir for S. pyogenes?

humans

_________ are the most significant reservoir for S. pyogenes.

humans

__________ are the most significant reservoir for S. pyogenes.

humans

A complication of genital gonorrhea in both men and women is

infertility

The most powerful host defenses used to combat S. aureus infection phagocytosis by neutrophils and ____________, aided by the opsonic action of ________

macrophages, complement

otitis media is a(n) _________ infection often caused by _________

middle ear, Streptococcus pneumoniae

the coagulase test is primarily used to differentiate Staphylococcus aureus from

other staphylococci

Diseases caused by S. pneumoniae include __________ media, pneumonia, and __________

otitis, meningitis

S. pyogenes is usually transmitted through respiratory ________ or through direct __________

secretions, contact

N. gonorrhoeae is most infectious when transferred through ________ contact with an infected carrier.

sexual

S. pyogenes usually invades the host through the ________, the throat, or the nasopharynx.

skin

Staphylococci are common inhabitants of the _________ and mucous membranes.

skin

Which of the following are types of infections caused by S. agalactiae?

skin infections, neonatal infections, endocarditis, wound infections

Gram-positive and gram-negative cocci are prevalent members of the normal flora of the ______.

skin, intestine, and oral cavity


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