BIO 208 - EXAM 4
Why is the number of gonorrhea infections reported in the US is probably much lower than the actual number of cases?
-Individuals do not seek treatment due to the stigma of a sexually transmitted disease. -Many cases are asymptomatic.
Which of the following are contributing factors to the pathogenicity of N. gonorrhoeae?
-protease cleaving IgA on mucosal surfaces -fimbriae promoting attachment to other cocci and to tissue surfaces -surface molecules attachment to other cocci and to tissue surfaces
Which can be causes of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)?
-Gonococcal infection spreading to the upper reproductive structures such as the fallopian tubes -Chlamydia infection of the female reproductive tract
Which of the following statements about Gonorrhea are correct?
-Incidence of gonorrhea is probably higher than reported due to asymptomatic infections. -Gonorrhea is among the top five sexually transmitted diseases. -Gonorrhea is strictly a human pathogen
N. gonorrhoeae survives for ______ on fomites.
1-2 hours
The antibiotic of choice for pharyngitis caused by S. pyogenes is ________ _________
penicillin V
S. pyogenes gains a foothold in the host, usually when defenses are lowered, through the ______.
pharynx and skin
The common name for Streptococcus pneumoniae is the _____.
pneumococcus
an important test for identifying Neisseria is
production of oxidase
The individuals most at risk for infection with gonorrhea include ______ with multiple sexual partners:
young adults
What do all cutaneous lesions of Staphylococcus aureus have in common?
All are skin abscesses.
groups __________ and _________ streptococci are common microbiota of domestic animals but can be isolated from the human upper respiratory tract and occasionally cause pharyngitis imitating Group A streptococci.
C, G
A significant number of gonorrhea infections are __________, which leads to many cases not being reported to health authorities.
asymptomatic
Among the Staphylococci, only Staphylococcus __________ produces coagulase.
aureus
Among the Staphylococci, only Staphylococcus ___________ produces coagulase.
aureus
CA-MRSA stands for __________-acquired methicillin __________ Staphylococcus aureus.
community, resistant
True or false: Most Neisseriaceae are primary human pathogens, while a few are commensals of humans.
false
True or false: S. aureus exhibits fewer virulence factors than S. epidermidis.
false
True or false: S. pneumoniae can survive for long periods out of its habitat.
false
After entry into the host, N. gonorrhoeae attaches by ___________ to the epithelial surface.
fimbriae
Which are the main virulence factors of N. gonorrhoeae?
fimbriae
The main virulence factors of N. gonorrhoeae are the __________, which play a role in adherence and preventing _________ by host cells.
fimbriae, phagocytosis
Transmission of S. pyogenes is through ______.
fomites, respiratory droplets, and direct contact
In the presence of sugar, S. oralis, S. gordonii, and S. mutans produce slime layers made of __________ polymers that adhere to ________ surfaces, leading to plaque formation and tooth decay.
glucose, tooth
The common name for Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the ________
gonococcus
Which is the common name for Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
gonococcus
________ is a sexually transmitted disease caused by a member of the Neisseria that has been known since ancient times. Listen to the complete question
gonorrhea
The most severe streptococcal diseases are caused by
group A streptococci
Which of the following host defenses is considered the most effective in combating S. aureus infection?
phagocytic response
Strep throat is more accurately referred to as streptococcal _________
pharyngitis
_________ are common inhabitants of the skin and mucous membranes.
staphylococci
An infection caused by S. pyogenes and which causes redness, swelling, tenderness, and pain of the throat is known as ______.
streptococcal pharyngitis
The alternative name for ________ __________ is pneumococcus, and diseases caused by it are termed pneumococcal.
streptococcus pneumoniae
which of the following is/are a pyogenic coccus/cocci?
streptococcus, staphylococcus, and neisseria
Viridans streptococci commonly cause
subacute endocarditis
Typical signs and symptoms of gonorrhea include _________ in males, eye infections in _________, and pelvic inflammatory disease in women.
urethritis, babies
S. aureus exhibits more __________ factors than almost any other pathogen.
virulence
the major _________ factor of S. pneumoniae is its large capsule.
virulence
Gonorrhea is asymptomatic in __________% of males and _________% of females, which increases the persistence and spread of N. gonorrhoeae.
10, 50
What is the infectious dose of gonorrhea?
100 to 1000 colony-forming units
The infectious dose of gonorrhea is _________ to ________ colony-forming units.
100, 1000
5% to _______% of all people carry S. pneumoniae as normal __________ in the nasopharynx.
50, microbiota
Streptococcus pyogenes belongs to which group of streptococci?
A
Streptococcus pyogenes is a member of Group _______ streptococci.
A
S. pneumoniae infection can occur through which of the following?
Endogenous flora and respiratory droplets
A sample of beta-hemolytic streptococci is Bacitracin-resistant and CAMP factor positive would be placed in which of the following groups?
Group B (S. agalactiae)
Which groups of beta-hemolytic streptococci are resistant to bacitracin?
Group C/G (S. equisimilis) Group D (E. faecalis) Group B (S. agalactiae)
Which groups of beta-hemolytic, bacitracin-resistant streptococci are found in the human respiratory tract and are responsible for disseminated infections in immunocompromised patients?
Group G (S. equisimilis) and Group C (S. equisimilis)
a 60-year old client asks the nurse about vaccination against meningitis. he relates that he traveling to South Sudan, a high-risk area for meningitis. which vaccine is most appropriate?
MCV-4 (menactra)
Streptococcal pharyngitis should be treated with which drug?
Penicillin
Which species causes gonorrhea?
N. gonorrhoeae
the species _________ _________ is responsible for causing gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum.
N. gonorrhoeae
which genus of bacteria has pathogens that can cause blindness?
Neisseria
a client is being seen in the clinic for treatment of recurrent pelvic inflammatory disease. the nurse recognizes that this condition most frequently follows which type of infection?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Diseases caused by S. pneumoniae include which of the following?
Pneumonia, Otitis media, and Meningitis
General characteristics of streptococci include which of the following?
Spherical shape, facultative anaerobes, and arranged in long, beadlike chains
Which of the following species uses coagulase to cause plasma clotting?
Staphylococcus aureus
which infectious agent of those covered in the chapter would most likely be acquired from a contaminated doorknob?
Staphylococcus aureus
Which of the following causes of pneumonia matches this description: small, gram-positive lancet-shaped cells arranged in pairs and short chains?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
_______ ________, which causes pneumonia and otitis media, is a small, gram-positive, lancet-shaped coccus arranged in pairs and short chains that is alpha-hemolytic on blood agar.
Streptococcus pneumoniae
which of the following strains of pathogens has the lowest incidence?
VRSA
Which group of bacteria plays a significant role in development of tooth decay (dental caries)?
Viridans streptococci
When is N. gonorrhoeae is most infectious?
When transmitted through direct contact
Most Neisseriaceae are ________ but two are primary human _________
commensals, pathogens
A local staphylococcal infection often manifests as an inflamed, fibrous lesion enclosing a core of pus called a(n)
abcess
All of the following are types of infections caused by S. agalactiae except ______.
acute glomerulonephritis
Which of the following are functions of the fimbriae of N. gonorrhoeae?
adherence and preventing phagocytosis
The individuals most at risk for gonorrhea are young ________ with multiple _______ partners
adults, sexual
_______ hemolysis is the partial lysis of red blood cells due to bacterial hemolysins
alpha
______ acquired MRSA is most often acquired outside of the hospital setting.
community
The major virulence factor of S. pneumoniae is its ______.
capsule
the _______ test is most often used to distinguish S. aureus from other staphylococcal species.
coagulase
the ____________ test is most often used to distinguish S. aureus from other staphylococcal species.
coagulase
Which of the following tests is often used to distinguish S. aureus from other staphylococcal species?
coagulase test
Gram-positive and gram-negative ________ are among the most significant infectious agents of humans.
cocci
When growing in liquid culture, ________ generally have a spherical shape arranged in long __________
cocci, chains
When growing in liquid culture, ___________ generally have a spherical shape arranged in long ___________
cocci, chains
S. pneumoniae in respiratory droplets that land on fomites will ______.
die quickly, preventing transmission
which of the following effects is/are caused by formation of an infectious biofilm?
disseminated infection, failure of drug therapy, and colonization of tissues
what virulence factor is associated with the development of skin hemorrhages in meningitis?
endotoxins in the blood
the symptoms in scarlet fever are due to
erythrogenic toxin
True or false: Asymptomatic infection with gonorrhea decreases the persistence and spread of N. gonorrhoeae.
false
True or false: Fomites are a common source of infection in gonorrhea because N. gonorrhoeae survives for long periods of time on inanimate surfaces.
false
match each description with the correct word: _____furuncle _____osteomyelitis _____coagulase _____erythrogenic toxin _____rheumatic fever _____beta-hemolysis _____consolidation _____viridans streptococci _____erysipelas _____endocarditis _____streptolysin _____streptokinase a. complete red blood cell lysis b. substance involved in heart valve damage c. enzyme that dissolves clots d. enzyme of pathogenic S. aureus e. cutaneous infection of group A steps f. solidification of lung alveoli g. unique pathologic feature of N. gonorrhoeae h. a boil i. cause of tooth abscesses j. focal infection of long bones k. heart colonization by oral steps l. cause of scarlet fever symptoms m. long-term sequelae of strep throat
h, j, d, l, m, a, f, i, e, k, b, c
rheumatic fever damages the _________, and glomerulonephritis damages the _________
heart valves, kidneys
Gonorrhea is a strictly _________ infection and ranks among the top ______ sexually transmitted diseases.
human, five
Which is the most significant reservoir for S. pyogenes?
humans
_________ are the most significant reservoir for S. pyogenes.
humans
__________ are the most significant reservoir for S. pyogenes.
humans
A complication of genital gonorrhea in both men and women is
infertility
The most powerful host defenses used to combat S. aureus infection phagocytosis by neutrophils and ____________, aided by the opsonic action of ________
macrophages, complement
otitis media is a(n) _________ infection often caused by _________
middle ear, Streptococcus pneumoniae
the coagulase test is primarily used to differentiate Staphylococcus aureus from
other staphylococci
Diseases caused by S. pneumoniae include __________ media, pneumonia, and __________
otitis, meningitis
S. pyogenes is usually transmitted through respiratory ________ or through direct __________
secretions, contact
N. gonorrhoeae is most infectious when transferred through ________ contact with an infected carrier.
sexual
S. pyogenes usually invades the host through the ________, the throat, or the nasopharynx.
skin
Staphylococci are common inhabitants of the _________ and mucous membranes.
skin
Which of the following are types of infections caused by S. agalactiae?
skin infections, neonatal infections, endocarditis, wound infections
Gram-positive and gram-negative cocci are prevalent members of the normal flora of the ______.
skin, intestine, and oral cavity
