BIO 215 Exam 1

The diameter of field for a 4x lens is measured at 4.6 mm. How many bacterial cells, each measuring 4 μm, could be lined up along the diameter?

1,150 cells

The first cell appeared about how many billions of years ago?

3.8

The all-purpose media Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA) contains the following four ingredients; pancreatic digest of casein, digest of soybean meal, NaCl and agar. TSA is best described as...

A complex media

Which of the following will result when 1% to 5% agar is added to nutrient broth, boiled, and cooled?

A solid medium

You are trying to identify a chemical that consists of adenine, ribose, and three phosphates. What is this chemical?

ATP

The typical definition of a species is one with distinct characteristics that produce viable offspring when mated with another organism in the same species. Bacterial species cannot be defined as readily, due to the fact that

All of the statements are true regarding the indistinct defining of bacterial species

Endospores are.. A)living structures B)resistant to heat and chemical destruction C)resistant to destruction by radiation D)metabolically inactive E)All of these are correct

All of these are correct

Which of the following lines of evidence suggest that mitochondria evolved from the endosymbiosis of a pre-eukaryotic cell with a prokaryote? A)They contain circular molecules of DNA B)They divide independently from the cell C)They contain 70S ribosomes D)All of these suggest that mitochondria evolved from prokaryotes

All of these suggest that mitochondria evolved from prokaryotes

The building blocks of an enzyme are

Amino Acids

The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

If you were a microbiologist in 1950, which of the following scientific principles would you already know?

Aseptic techniques could reduce the number of wound infections in the surgical setting

Which of the following is not a pyrimidine? A)Uracil B)Adenine C)Cytosine D)Thymine

B

Which type of microscope is the most widely used and shows cells against a bright background?

Bright field

All of the following are monosaccharides except.. A)Ribose B)Fructose C)Glycogen D)Deoxyribose

C

Which of the following are mismatched? A)Parasite - obtain nutrients from a living organism to the detriment of that organism B)Saprobe - obtain nutrients from the remains of dead plants and animals C)Heterotroph - synthesize organic nutrients using light energy and CO2

C

Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?

Capsule

The scientist(s) who proposed organisms be assigned to one of three domains is(are)

Carl Woese and George Fox

The scientist(s) who proposed organisms be assigned to one of three domains is(are) _____.

Carl Woese and George Fox

Which order below reflects the correct procedure for Gram staining?

Crystal violet-iodine-alcohol/acetone-safranin

Characteristics shared by all cells include: A)a membrane serving as a cell boundary. B)the possession of genetic information. C)the presence of cellular fluid. D)All of these choices are correct.

D

Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms? A)Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms B)Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria C)Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses D)Bacteria are larger than viruses

D

The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is

Dark Field

Adulthood and mating of helminths occur in which host?

Definitive host

Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?

Differential

Differential media results in which of the following growth characteristics? A)Different color colonies B)Gas bubbles C)Precipitates D)Different media color post incubation E)All are correct

E

The eukaryote cell membrane is composed of.. A)cholesterol B)phospholipids C)proteins D)sterols E)All of these are correct

E

Which of the following is found in eukaryotic cells but not in the cells of bacteria? A)Endoplasmic reticulum B)Mitochondria C)Nucleus D)Lysosomes E)All are correct

E

Which of the following is not classified as a helminth? A)Tapeworm B)Flatworm C)Fluke D)Roundworm E)All of these are correct

E

Which type of microscope achieves the greatest resolution and highest magnification?

Electron

Which area of biology states that living things undergo gradual, structural, and functional changes over long periods of time?

Evolution

What part of a phospholipid forms hydrophobic tails?

Fatty acids

A 23 year-old female presents at a walk-in clinic with a fever, swollen lymph nodes and yellow spots on the throat. A rapid strep test comes back positive, confirming an infection with Streptococcus pyogenes, which has a thick layer of peptidoglycan in its cell wall. In which of the following taxonomic divisions does S. pyogenes belong?

Firmicutes

Which of the following statements correctly determines the process when following the scientific method?

Formulate question, conduct research, propose hypothesis, test hypothesis

Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?

Gram-positive bacteria have an outer membrane

The term that refers to the purposeful addition of microorganisms into a laboratory nutrient medium is

Inoculation

The correct microbiological term for the tiny sample of specimen that is put into a nutrient medium in order to produce a culture is the

Inoculum

Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?

Is digested by most microbes

Which of the following does not pertain to endotoxin?

It is found in acid-fast bacterial cell walls

Which of the following is not a characteristic of bacteria?

Its DNA is wrapped around histones

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of viruses that distinguishes them from the other major groups of microorganisms?

Lack cell structure

Which fiber of the cytoskeleton is a hollow tube that is also a component of flagella and the spindle fibers that form during mitosis?

Microtubules

Which organelle contains cristae where enzymes and electron carriers for aerobic respiration are found?

Mitochondria

Which of the following is not considered a microorganism?

Mosquito

Which of the following is not a function of the eukaryote glycocalyx?

Movement

A client has a serious case of the flu. A random sample of sputum was taken from the patient coughing up blood. The lab tech said they had isolated a bacterium that did not have any peptidoglycan. You hypothesize that the identity of this microbe could possibly be...

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Purines and pyrimidines are components in the building block units of all

Nucleic Acids

Which of the features listed below is not found in all cells?

Nucleus

Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its virtual image?

Ocular lens

A pure culture contains..

Only one species of microorganism

All of the following are examples of different types of microbiological media except

Petri dish

Which type of microscope shows cells against a bright background but also differentiates intracellular structures of unstained cells based on their varying densities?

Phase contrast

The lipid group that is the major component of cell membranes is the

Phospholipids

The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms is called

Phylogeny

After returning from a trip to Africa, Tom begins to feel very tired and weak. He has severe anemia. A blood smear reveals a protozoan is present in his blood. The health care provider tells Tom he has malaria. Which of the following could be the causative agent of his disease?

Plasmodium falciparum

Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope's ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?

Resolving power

Which of the following is essential for development of discrete, isolated colonies?

Solid medium

The smallest and most significant taxon is

Species

Bacterial endospores are not produced by

Staphylococcus

For which bacterial genus does mannitol salt agar differentiate between species?

Staphylococcus

All of the following are lipids except

Starch

What type of isolation technique is most effective for the majority of applications?

Streak plate

The organism Mycoplasma pneumoniae that causes "walking pneumonia" lacks a cell wall. In which of the following taxonomic divisions is it classified?

Tenericutes

Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?

Tetrad

What do the Gram stain, acid-fast stain, and endospore stain have in common?

The outcome is based on cell differences

Carl Woese and George Fox developed the three-domain system of taxonomy based on what molecular discovery?

Variations in the ribonucleic acid of the small ribosomal subunit of organisms

Agar is an important component of media because

agar provides a solid surface for bacterial growth

Plasmids...

are often the site of pathogenic genes

The two functions of bacterial appendages are

attachment and motility

Basic dyes are..

attracted to the negatively charged acidic substances of bacterial cells

Comparing defined vs. complex media is analogous to comparing

baby formula to breast milk

A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its

basal body

When assigning a scientific name to an organism..

both genus and species names are italicized or underlined

Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial

cell walls

When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the

chromatin

In eukaryotic cells, ribosomes have two locations: scattered in the ________ and on the surface of the ________

cytoplasm; endoplasmic reticulum

The cell's series of tunnel-like membranes functioning in transport and storage are the

endoplasmic reticulum

During the Gram stain, _____ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied

gram-negative

A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is

gram-positive

The difference in cell wall structure of Mycobacterium and Nocardia compared to the typical gram-positive bacterial cell wall structure is that they

have a predominance of unique, waxy lipids

Larvae and eggs are developmental forms of

helminths

The Five I's of studying microorganisms include all of the following except

infection

The bacterial chromosome..

is part of the nucleoid

All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except

it uses electrons to produce a specimen image

The term that refers to the presence of a tuft of flagella emerging from the same site is

lophotrichous

A(n) _______ originates from the Golgi apparatus as one type of vesicle that contains a variety of enzymes for intracellular digestion

lysosome

There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.

microtubules

Filamentous fungi are called

molds

Chemotaxis refers to the ability to

move in response to a chemical

Fungal infections are known as ________ and can be acquired from environmental or clinical sources.

mycoses

All bacterial cells have..

one or more chromosomes

The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is

peritrichous

Which is not a characteristic of fungi?

photosynthetic

Histones are..

proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus

Most biochemical macromolecules are polymers, which are chains of

repeating monomers

greg

robinson

The group of protozoa that use pseudopodia to move are the

sarcodina

If you looked at a _______ under the microscope, you would likely see an irregular cluster of spherical cells

staphylococcus

The first primitive eukaryotic cells likely evolved from

the last common ancestor

Eukaryotic cell membranes contain large lipid molecules called sterols, whereas prokaryotic membranes lack sterols. One argument supporting the presence of these sterols in eukaryotes is that..

unlike prokaryotes, many eukaryotes lack the protection of a cell wall and therefore require sterols to add some strength and rigidity to the membrane

Fungal spores arise..

when asexual reproduction produces sporangiospores and conidiospores, and sexual reproduction produces spores, often from a fruiting body