BIO 2301 Endocrine quiz from reading

In the case of Grave's disease, in which there are high levels of thyroid hormone, what would happen to TRH and TSH levels? a. Both TRH and TSH levels would decrease b. Both TRH and TSH levels would increase c. TRH would increase and TSH would decrease d. TRH would decrease and TSH would increase

a. Both TRH and TSH levels would decrease

In addition to the "flight or fight" effects, epinephrine and norepinephrine will promote the secretion of: a. CRH b. TSH c. FSH d. LH

a. CRH

This secretion travels in the blood to reach its target cells. a. Hormone b. Exocrine c. Autocrine d. Paracrine

a. Hormone

Thyroid hormones act to: a. Increase metabolic rate and heat production b. Decrease metabolic rate and heat production c. Decrease metabolic rate and increase heat production d. Increase metabolic rate and decrease heat production

a. Increase metabolic rate and heat production

During times of fasting, growth hormone secretion increases and insulin hormone secretion decreases. Which of the following will NOT occur when this combination of high GH and low insulin is present? a. Increased protein synthesis in bones and muscles b. Increased fat breakdown c. Increased blood glucose levels

a. Increased protein synthesis in bones and muscles

Which hormone is secreted following a meal, when blood glusose levels are high? a. Insulin b. Glucagon c. Calcitonin d. PTH

a. Insulin

Medications used to treat certain disorders function as dopamine antagonists. Which of the following may be a side effect of these medications? a. Milk production b. Inhibition of prolactin c. Loss of oxytocin d. All of the above

a. Milk production

Hormones only influence their target cells. A target cell for a hormone has: a. Receptors for that hormone b. First Messengers c. Secretory regions to release hormone d. Targets on their DNA

a. Receptors for that hormone

This hypothalamic hormone inhibits the release of growth hormone a. Somatostain b. Insulin like growth factor 1 c. Growth hormone releasing hormone d. Ghrelin

a. Somatostain

PTH acts to raise blood calcium levels by: a. Stimulating bone resorption by osteoclast cells b. Preventing intestinal absorption of calcium c. Stimulating bone production d. Causing calcium to enter bone

a. Stimulating bone resorption by osteoclast cells

A goiter may occur with hypothyroidism and with hyperthyroidism. a. true b. false

a. true

An increase in metabolic rate will result in increased heat production by the body. a. true b. false

a. true

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are both neurotransmitters and hormones a. true b. false

a. true

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are neurotransmitters, as well as hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla, and act to increase metabolic rate. a. true b. false

a. true

The main result of calcitriol's action is to raise blood calcium levels. a. true b. false

a. true

The sympathetic nervous system controls epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla. a. true b. false

a. true

The hypophyseal portal vein is a direct blood vessel connection between the hypothalamus and the: a. Posterior pituitary gland b. Anterior pituitary gland c. Both A and B above d. Neither A nor B above

b. Anterior pituitary gland

This type of gland may excrete a product onto the body surface or into the GI tract. a. Hormone b. Exocrine c. Autocrine d. Paracrine

b. Exocrine

Which of the following hormones acts to raise blood glucose levels and will be secreted when blood glucose levels are low? a. Insulin b. Glucagon c. Calcitonin d. PTH

b. Glucagon

This hormone is secreted from the anterior pituitary gland in response to hypoglycemia: a. Glucagon b. Growth hormone c. Epinephrine d. Insulin

b. Growth hormone

Sleep is important to normal growth because: a. Growth hormone secretion decreases during sleep b. Growth hormone secretion increases during sleep c. Growth secretion increases during sleep d. Blood amino acid levels are low during sleep

b. Growth hormone secretion increases during sleep

Thyroid hormone has a mechanism of action similar to lipid soluble hormoes such as testosterone. Where would receptors for the thyroid hormone be found? a. On the cell membrane b. Inside the cell c. It depends on the cell d. There are no receptors for thyroid hormone

b. Inside the cell

This hormone is secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas. a. Somatostatin b. Insulin c. Glucagon d. Pancreatic polypeptide

b. Insulin

The hypothalamic pituitary axis involves: a. The hypothalamus controlling the posterior pituitary gland by hormones b. The hypothalamus controlling the anterior pituitary gland by hormones c. Both A and B above d. Neither A nor B above

b. The hypothalamus controlling the anterior pituitary gland by hormones

Which of the following is needed to produce calcitriol? a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin D3, either from the diet or sunlight exposure c. Iodine d. Vitamin K

b. Vitamin D3, either from the diet or sunlight exposure

A goiter means someone has hypothyroidism a. true b. false

b. false

Since calcitriol acts to raise blood calcium levels, it is produced in greatest amounts when blood calcium levels are: a. high b. low c. normal

b. low

When thyroid hormone levels rise, they cause: a. An increase in both TRH and TSH b. An increase in TRH and a decrease in TSH c. A decrease in both TRH and TSH d. A decrease in TRH and an increase in TSH

c. A decrease in both TRH and TSH

Which of the following is NOT secreted by the anterior pituitary gland? a. FSH b. ACTH c. ADH d. TSH

c. ADH

This secretion acts on cells that secreted it. a. Hormone b. Exocrine c. Autocrine d. Paracrine

c. Autocrine

calcitriol is always present in the blood. When blood calcium levels are normal, calcitriol acts to: a. Allow calcium absorption from the intestines b. Promote new bone synthesis c. Both A and B above

c. Both A and B above

calcitriol primarily affects blood calcium levels. If blood calcium is low, calcitriol acts to: a. Increase calcium absorption from the intestines b. Increase bone resorption c. Both A and B above

c. Both A and B above

Which of the following acts primarily to lower blood calcium levels? a. Calcitriol b. PTH c. Calcitonin

c. Calcitonin

The hormone which helps us deal with chronic stress: a. TRH b. Thyroxine c. Cortisol d. FSH

c. Cortisol

Why is it common to get sick when we are stressed? a. Cortisol raises immune function b. Cortisol raises blood glucose levels c. Cortisol suppresses the immune system d. There is no particular reason

c. Cortisol suppresses the immune system

The hypothalamus controls the anterior pituitary gland by hormones, and the anterior pituitary gland controls other target glands by hormones. As the hormones from the target gland increases, it causes: a. Increased hormone secretion from hypothalamus, decreased hormone secretion from anterior pituitary b. Decreased hormone secretion from the hypothalamus, increased hormones secretion from the anterior pituitary c. Decreases in hormones from both hypothalamus and anterior pituitary d. Increases in hormones from both hypothalamus and anterior pituitary

c. Decreases in hormones from both hypothalamus and anterior pituitary

This hormone is secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas. a. Somatostatin b. Insulin c. Glucagon d. Pancreatic polypeptide

c. Glucagon

This hormone from the hypothalamus stimulates the release of growth hormone a. Somatostain b. Insulin like growth factor 1 c. Growth hormone releasing hormone d. Ghrelin

c. Growth hormone releasing hormone

With hypothyroidism due to a non-functioning thyroid gland, TSH levels would: a. Decrease b. Remain the same c. Increase

c. Increase

What is the role of thyroxine binding globulin? a. It is the receptor for thyroid hormone b. It carries thyroid hormone into cells c. It carries thyroid hormone in the blood d. It acts to turn off TRH and TSH

c. It carries thyroid hormone in the blood

Large water soluble hormones cannot enter cells. As a result, the receptors for these hormones are found: a. Inside the cytoplasm of the target cell b. In the nucleus of the target cell c. On the cell membrane of the target cell d. On the DNA of the target cell

c. On the cell membrane of the target cell

Which 2 hormones work together to raise blood calcium levels? a. PTH and calcitonin b. Calcitonin and calcitroil c. PTH and calcitriol

c. PTH and calcitriol

As large water soluble hormones are unable to enter cells, they cause the production of these molecules which then carry instructions to the cell interior: a. Receptors in the nucleus b. Newly created proteins c. Second messengers, such as cAMP d. Steriods

c. Second messengers, such as cAMP

Effects of cortisol include: a. Immunosuppression b. Increased blood glucose levels c. Increased blood fatty acid levels d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Growth hormone actions include: a. Increase in blood glucose levels b. Increased lipolysis (fat breakdown) c. Increased protein synthesis, including in muscle and bone d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Hormones released during stress which increase blood glucose levels include: a. Epinephrine b. Norepinephrine c. Cortisol d. All of the above

d. All of the above

It is important for the brain to receive energy and so several other hormones, in addition to glucagon, function to ensure this. Which of the following act to raise blood glucose levels, so the brain is supplied with energy? a. Epinephrine/Norepinephrine b. Cortisol c. Growth hormone d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Roles of prolactin include: a. Increase action of some immune cells b. Normal gamete productioin c. Stimulates milk production d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following hormones from the hypothalamus stimulates prolactin release? a. VIP b. Oxytocin c. TRH d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following is a result of epinephrine release from the adrenal medulla? a. Increased cardiac output b. Increased blood pressure c. Increased blood glucose d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following promote(s) insulin secretion, and is/are released when nutrients are plentiful? a. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) b. Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) c. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following inhibits prolactin release? a. VIP b. Oxytocin c. TRH d. Dopamine

d. Dopamine

Lipid soluble hormones, such as the steroid hormone testosterone, bind to receptors found: a. Inside the cytoplasm of the target cell b. In the nucleus of that target cell c. On the cell membrane of the target cell d. Either A or B above

d. Either A or B above

This hormone from the stomach stimulates the release of growth hormone. a. Somatostain b. Insulin like growth factor 1 c. Growth hormone releasing hormone d. Ghrelin

d. Ghrelin

Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), which asts on nearby cell of a blood vessel to stimulate healing of a blood vessel wall, is this type of secretion: a. Hormone b. Exocrine c. Autocrine d. Paracrine

d. Paracrine

Actions of insulin include all of the following except: a. Promotes uptake of glucose from the blood into body cells b. Promotes production of proteins, glycogen and triglycerides c. Suppresses the production of the ketone bodies d. Promotes breakdown of glycogen

d. Promotes breakdown of glycogen