Bio 3 exam 1 study guide

What question do you ask yourself when trying to identify the independent variable? The dependent variable?

"What will I vary?"

A scientist reports the weight of a substance is 500 mg. How many kg is this?. Solve this problem using (a) the ladder method and (b) using dimensional analysis

0.0005

Put the following in order from smallest to largest: biosphere, molecules, cells, population, tissues, organ systems, organs, ecosystem, community, organism

1. Molecules 2.Cells 3. Tissues 4. Organ 5. Organ System 6.Community 7. Ecosystem 8. Biosphere

Put the following in the correct order from smallest to largest: community, species, biosphere, ecosystem, biome, organ systems

1. Organ systems 2. Species 3. Community 4. Ecosystem 5. Biome 6. Biosphere

In an experiment, pretend you are testing miracle grow fertilizer to determine if it helps plants grow taller compared to plants without fertilizer. 1. The control group is the _____________________________________. 2. The experimental group is the ________________________________________. 3. The independent/manipulated variable is the ___________________________________. 4. The dependent/response variable is the _____________________________________. 5. If after 1 month, the plants that received the fertilizer grew the same as the unfertilized treatment, you could conclude that

1. The one without the fertilizer 2. The one with the fertilizer 3. The fertilizer 4. The growth 5. I could conclude that the fertilizer does not effect the growth of the plant.

How many more times acidic is a pH of 1 compared to a pH of 4?

1000

If the atomic # of oxygen is 8, how many valence electrons does it have? How many covalent bonds will it make?

6 valence electrons; ***

How many characteristics of life does something need to be considered alive/biotic? Why is a virus not alive?

8;Viruses are not considered "alive" because they lack many of the properties that scientists associate with living organisms.

Which data set would be preferred by a scientist and why? (a) 5, 6, 5, 7, 7, 6, 5, 6 or (b) 1, 7, 5, 10, 8, 13, 4, 8

A

Explain the relationship among hypothesis, theory, and fact.

A hypothesis is an attempt to explain phenomena. It is a proposal, a guess used to understand and/or predict something. A theory is the result of testing a hypothesis and developing an explanation that is assumed to be true about something. A theory replaces the hypothesis after testing confirms the hypothesis, or the hypothesis is modified and tested again until predictable results occur.

Label each of the following as either objective or subjective. a) Fish live in water b) The fish is ugly

A) Objective B) subjective

. a. What kind of bond is formed between sodium and chloride? b. Between carbon and hydrogen in CH4? a) covalent b) ionic c) hydrogen

A) ionic bond B) covalent

True or false: a) Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells possess DNA, a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes b) An example of a prokaryotic cell is a bacterium.

A)true b) true

Label each of the following as either qualitative or quantitative. a) The fish has spots on its back b) The fish has eight fins

A- Qualitative B- Quantitative

What is the smallest unit of matter? Smallest unit of life?

An atom is the smallest unit of matter; cells are the smallest unit of life

Glucose, like other sugars, is composed of 3 elements ________, ______, and ________.

Carbo - Carbon Hydr - hydrogen Ate - in chemistry ate means oxygen.

Water is a good temperature moderator, which means that it is able to absorb a lot of heat energy from another object before its temperature changes much. This property of water is demonstrated when: a) you put a cold wet cloth over your head to cool yourself off after exercise b) your Mom puts you in a cold-water bath when you have a high fever c) you put a cold icepack on a swollen muscle d) all of the above

D

What do D, K, P, C, O, F, G, S stand for?

Dumb King Philips Can Often Find Good Sex OR Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus (scientific name) Species (scientific name)

The independent variable is sometimes called the "cause", whereas the dependent variable is called the ___________.

Effect ***

Which characteristic of life pertains to your heredity information?

Genetics **

Which taxonomic groupings make up a species' scientific name?

Genus and species

Why is skepticism good in science?

It leads to more research

How are bile and lipase different in terms of their functions?

Lipase is an enzyme that breaks lipids/ fat into fatty acids and glycerol.Bile is made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder. When the chyme reaches the duodenum, bile is released on the chyme and it breaks down fat globs into smaller ones.

Name five major kingdoms of life:

Monera Protists Fungi Plants Animals

If a virus relies on a host (ex: human) in order to reproduce, is it by definition alive? Explain.

No. A characteristic of life is that an organism must be able to reproduce on its own.

The organelle that holds the cell's DNA and controls cell activities is the

Nucleus

Plants store excess sugars as __________, while animals store it as _________.

Plants store excess sugar as starch. Starch is the #1 plant carbohydrate (sugar) storage molecule. Animals store extra sugar as glycogen. animals don't tend to store a lot of energy in this way, but they do store extra excess carbohydrates as glycogen which can be easily accessed if needed. (Fats are lipids and NOT sugar)

State 5 characteristics of prokaryotes and 5 for eukaryotes

Prok. 1) they have no nuclear membrane 2) their DNA is not wound around histones 3) the cell walls are made of a chemical called peptidoglycan 4) they do not have complex membrane-bound organelles Euk: 1) they have a nuclear membrane around their DNA 2) their DNA is wound around histones 3) they have complex membrane-bound organelles

Science is self-correcting. Explain

Science encourages questions and experiments, and that means that our understanding of things gets better. If there is ever a question about something we are told, we can devise a test for it and find out the facts. This means that as we test our assumptions, we discover what the facts are, and any mistakes that have been made will eventually be found and corrected using the new knowledge we have gained.

An example of deduction from the general statement, "All fishes lay eggs" would be __________________.

Since tuna are fish, tuna lay eggs

n science, do we try to "prove" or "test" our hypotheses?

Test

What happens to the density of water as it starts to freeze?

The density decreases because the molecules slow down enough so that they repel each other.

State 2 differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

The distinction between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is considered to be the most important distinction among groups of organisms. Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not. Differences in cellular structure of prokaryotes and eukaryotes include the presence of mitochondria and chloroplasts, the cell wall, and the structure of chromosomal DNA. Prokaryotes were the only form of life on Earth for millions of years until more complicated eukaryotic cells came into being through the process of evolution.

Six main elements found in living things include:

The six most common elements in living things are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur.

Why is junk science so prevalent in today's world?

They are trying to get us believe stuff that is not backed up by experiments or research.

Why is water both a molecule and compound?

Water is a molecule because it is made from atoms that have been chemically combined. It is also a compound because the atoms that make water are not all the same - some are oxygen and some are hydrogen. Oxygen in the atmosphere is a molecule because it is made from two atoms of oxygen.

Which protein your body makes depends on the sequence of

What protein you make depends on the sequence of nitrogen bases of DNA

What question do you ask yourself when trying to identify the control group? The experimental group?

What stayed the same

Archaea and Bacteria are examples of a) prokaryotes b) eukaryotes

a) prokaryotes

Which property of water do the Jesus lizard and water striders take advantage of? a) surface tension b) adhesion c) temperature moderation d) none of the above

a) surface tension

. A marine biologist observes that mako sharks, sardines, and salmon leap out of the water. An example of induction from these observations would be _______________.

all fishes leap out of the water

Which of the following is NOT a domain on Planet Earth? a) Archaea b) Animalia c) Bacteria d) Eukarya

b) Animalia

The freezing and boiling points of water are respectively ______ and ________ in Celsius, and _______ and _______ in Fahrenheit.

boiling point of water: 100 degrees Celsius/ 212 degrees Fahrenheit freezing point of water: 0 degrees Celsius/ 32 degrees fahrenheit

How many centimeters (cm) are there in a meter? a) 1 b) 10 c) 100 d) 1,000 e) 1,000,000

c) 100

The six elements important to life are a) uranium, manganese, lithium, iodine, potassium, sulfur b) oxygen, sulfur, potassium, nitrogen, hydrogen, magnesium c) carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, sulfur d) none of the above

c) carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, sulfur

A polysaccharide is an example of which major macromolecule of life?

carbohydrate

Organs are to the body as organelles are to the

cell

The bond between the oxygen and hydrogen within a water molecule is a(n) _____________ _____________ bond.

covalent bond

When you put lots of monomers together you form a

covalent bond

The number of protons in an atom equals the number of ___________.

electrons

True or false? Cohesion refers to the attraction between unlike substances.

false

Cohesion, surface tension, and capillarity all result, at least in part, due to ____________ bonds between adjacent water molecules.

hydrogen

Compounds with the same chemical formula, but different structures are known as ___________.

isomers

What is an alternative name for independent variable? Dependent variable?

manipulated variable **

A micrometer is one ____________ of a meter, and one gigaton is _______ tons.

millionth, billion

Polymers are made up of smaller units called __________, which are built through a ___________ reaction (aka dehydration synthesis).

monomers;condesation

"Monomers" are building blocks of bigger molecules, kind of like the individual box cars that make up a train. The monomer building blocks of carbohydrates (sugars) are.

monosaccharides

If there is enough time and money, scientists will often use several experimental groups in a controlled experiment. What is the benefit of this?

more percise data, eliminates any factors that will effect the experiment.

To reduce personal bias, scientists use a technique called ___________________

observations

An enzyme's ability to help perform a reaction can be affected by the ______________ and _____________.

pH and temperature

What are the three states of matter? In which state are the molecules generally most compact and lowest in energy?

solid, liquid and gas

In general, a solution is made up of a _________ dissolved in a _________.

solute;solvant

Kool-aid and table salt can both be dissolved in water. Water is the _____, and salt is the _____. a) solvent...solute b) solute...solvent c) solution...solute d) solution...saturation point

solvent solute

In science, we ______________ hypotheses instead of trying to prove hypotheses.

test

True or false? Capillarity explains why water will rise over 275 ft up a tree and why water is drawn up a straw that has been placed in water. a) true b) false

true

True or false? Hydrogen bonding allows different water molecules to "stick together," and because of this, water has a high specific heat, or fairly stable temperature.

true

Does high accuracy and low precision exist in darts? In experiments in nature?

yes and yes