BIO 310 - Exam #2
According to most dietary guidelines, what percentage of the day's total energy intake should be furnished by carbohydrates?
45-65%
What proportion of the U.S. adult population is considered overweight or obese?
69%
What is the major energy carrier molecule in most cells?
ATP
What population group is at highest risk for osteomalacia?
Adult women
What is the best approach to weight loss?
Reduce daily energy intake and increase energy expenditure
In type 2 diabetes medical nutrition therapy emphasizes which of the following dietary ideas?
Simple carbohydrates and saturated fats should be reduced form the diet
Which statement is true of body mass index?
It correlates with disease risks
Which item is used to supply some of the fuel needed by the brain only after the body has been fasting for a while?
Ketones
Most nutrients except fats enter the blood and pass by which organ first.
Liver
Lipids differ in their degree of saturation or unsaturation due to their number of ____.
double bonds
Which term is used to classify amino acids in the diet?
essential
Lipids that are solid at room temperature are known as ____.
fats
What is the sweetest-tasting simple carbohydrate in the diet?
fructose
Which substance is known as blood sugar or dextrose?
glucose
Which of the following is the best evidence that environment must play a role in obesity?
The rate of obesity has been rising while the gene pool has remained relatively constant.
The DASH diet plan was devised to prevent...
hypertension
If you were to exercise continuously, about how long would glycogen stores last?
a few hours
What nutrient has accounted for virtually all of the increase in kcal intake of people in the United States since the 1970s?
carbohydrate
Which product is considered a major source of polyunsaturated fat?
corn oil
The oils found in walnuts, soybeans, and flaxseed represent a good source of preformed ____.
linolenic acid
In which of the following tissues is glycogen typically stored?
muscle and liver
Lipids that are liquid at room temperature are known as ____.
oils
What is the greatest single source of sodium in the diet?
processed foods
What is the most satiating macronutrient?
protein
Which food contains cholesterol?
roasted turkey
To prevent cardiovascular disease which fats should be eaten only moderately in a healthy diet.
saturated fats
What single behavior contributes to the most deaths in the United States?
tobacco use
The American Heart Association goal is to lower blood pressure by reducing daily sodium intake to less than
1500 mg.
What is a common method used to assess body fat?
Air displacement plethysmography (DEXA Scans)
What is the most common eating disorder in both males and females?
Binge-eating disorder
Which measurements are all used to compute a woman's BMR?
Body weight, height, and age
What is the most likely side effect of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet?
Increased thirst
What term best describes a failure of the body's cells to respond to secretion of insulin?
Insulin resistance
How is soluble fiber in the diet thought to help lower blood cholesterol level?
It enhances excretion of bile leading to increased cholesterol turnover.
Which statement characterizes the protein nutrition in vegetarians?
Most vegetarians eating a variety of foods need not balance essential amino acid intake at each meal.
What is a characteristic of excess intra-abdominal fat?
Much research suggests that it is more harmful than fat in other locations.
Which of the following is a characteristic of breakfast eating?
People who eat breakfast frequently have a lower BMI than breakfast skippers.
Which of the following is a characteristic of most fad diets?
They limit food choices, thereby reducing energy intake.
Which statement is true of low-carbohydrate diets?
Total weight loss is about the same as in people on a low-fat diet
How much energy does one gram of fat provide?
9 kcal