BIO ANTH CH 15

Compared with other forms of arranged marriage, what was the result of Taiwanese minor marriages?

30% fewer children

Which of the following is true of age preferences in mate selection among humans?

As men age, the age difference between them and their wives increases.

Nearly all of the ethnographic data from cultural anthropology point to which conclusion?

Brother-sister incest is very rare.

Although men typically report wanting more sexual partners than women, for what primary reason would we expect men to form committed, long-term relationships?

Children who receive care from both parents are more likely to thrive.

What does Borgerhoff Mulder suggest may be the reason why there is no relationship between the wealth of the father of the groom and the bridewealth payment among Kipsigis?

Differences in wealth among Kipsigis are very unstable over time.

How does evolutionary theory explain why chastity is considered essential in China but unimportant in Sweden?

Evolutionary theory cannot yet explain why chastity is considered essential in China but unimportant in Sweden.

To what extent can evolutionary theory currently explain human behavior?

Evolutionary theory provides insight into some behavioral traits, but there are other common behaviors that seem to contradict evolutionary logic.

Why might natural selection predispose women toward making more false negative errors when judging a partner's or potential partner's intentions?

Fear of becoming pregnant causes them to err on the side of caution about their partner's intentions.

Why did Borgerhoff Mulder find that bridewealth payments increased as the age of the bride at time of menarche decreased?

Greatest value was placed on the bride's reproductive potential.

Your friend wants to know why anthropologists interested in the human environment of evolutionary adaptedness are so intent on studying the food-gathering practices of hunter-gatherer societies. How do you reply?

Humans were foragers for the majority of our existence, and it is thought that our brains are adapted to life in foraging societies.

During Thanksgiving dinner, your uncle notes that first-cousin marriage is legal in many states. Your cousin is horrified, and your mom asks you if there is an anthropological reason that cousin marriage causes controversy. How do you reply?

It seems to be within our genes to avoid inbreeding because we don't want to increase the chance of passing on deleterious alleles, but culturally the definition of inbreeding or incest differs.

Which of the following statements about mate selection behavior is accurate?

Knowing where a person lives provides more information about what he or she values in a mate than knowing the person's gender.

Which of the following kinds of evidence, if proved, would challenge John Tooby's andLeda Cosmides's arguments about the human environment of evolutionary adaptedness?

Lifeways that characterize contemporary foragers did not emerge until 40 ka.

According to one theory, cultural rules are all that prevent widespread incest from occurring. How can this theory can be disproved by evolutionary theory?

Matings between close relatives are exceedingly rare among all primates, including humans.

Why would selection have most likely shaped men's psychology so that they are attracted to female attributes such as symmetrical features?

Symmetrical features would be a marker of youth, which corresponded with higher fertility.

Which of the following is true based on the observed behavior of soapberry bugs across a range of different environments?

There are small genetic differences in the male propensity to guard a mated female.

What is the central misconception in the nature versus nurture debate?

There is a clear distinction between the effects of the environment and the effects of genes on an individual.

What was observed in the study of peer groups in Israeli kibbutzim?

There was almost no sexual experimentation or marriage by children in kibbutz peer groups, even though the ideology of kibbutzim did not discourage it.

Why can flexible, behavioral traits be shaped by natural selection?

They are sensitive to environmental conditions.

What does the interaction between an individual's genes and the environment produce?

a phenotype

Which of the following has slightly more of an effect on the expression of behavioral traits than it does on the expression of morphological and physiological traits?

environment

What are outbred matings?

matings between unrelated individuals

What trait do contemporary men and women around the world rate as the most important in mates?

mutual attraction

What do many evolutionary psychologists envision the environment of evolutionary adaptedness (EEA) for human beings to be?

small-scale foraging societies

What do Daniel Fessler and Carlos Navarrete suggest represents a kind of "egocentric empathy"?

third-party aversions to incest