BIO CH 28
The life cycle employed by many multicellular green and brown algae that involves a switch between haploid gametophyte cells and diploid sporophyte cells is called the ______ life cycle.
Alternation of generations
Examples of defensive adaptations in protists.
- Silica cell walls - Cellulose cell walls - Toxins - Mucilage secretion
Which of the following are characteristics of at least some of the close protist relatives of land plants?
-Flagella -Unicellularity -Primary plastids -Multicellularity
Which of the following are characteristics of at least some members of the supergroup Alveolata?
-Flagella or cilia -Cellulose plates -Secondary or tertiary plastids -Saclike, membranous vesicles at the cell periphery
Protist classification continues to change because:
-Molecular genetic methods reveal previously unknown relationships -New species are still being discovered
Select all of the characteristics that can be found in members of the supergroup Stramenopila.
-Multicellularity -Silica cell walls -Flagellar hairs
Select all of the following that are impacts of protists on global ecology.
-Protists cause serious diseases, such as malaria. -Protists produce at least half of the oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere. -Algae are being used in biofuel production.
Which of the following are characteristics of at least some members of the supergroup Rhizaria?
-Secondary green plastids -Filose pseudopodia
Characteristics that can be found in members of the supergroup Stramenopila.
-Silica cell walls -Flagellar hairs -Multicellularity
Select all of the examples of defensive adaptations in protists.
-Toxins -Silica cell walls -Mucilage secretion -Cellulose cell walls
Multicellular green and brown seaweeds undergo a life cycle known ............. of ....................
Alternation of Generations
Diverse protists that possess saclike membrane vesicles at the cell periphery, and may have cilia or flagella for movement, are classified in the supergroup called .
Alveolata
Protists that possess pseudopodia, such as the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum, are members of the eukaryotic supergroup .................
Amoebozoa
Protists can be grouped into three types according to the ........... roles they fulfill within their environments.
Ecological
Organisms within the Protista can be informally grouped based on:
Ecological role
In an intimate relationship between two organisms, the smaller species that lives within the body of the larger species is known as the:
Endosymbiont
Which of the following statements best characterizes the impact of protists on human health?
Some protists are parasites that cause serious human disease.
The eukaryotic supergroup ........... includes a wide range of algae, protozoa, and fungus-like protists that have secondary plastids and produce cells with flagellar hairs.
Stramenopila
The eukaryotic supergroup ............. includes a wide range of algae, protozoa, and fungus-like protists that have secondary plastids and produce cells with flagellar hairs.
Stramenopila
Members of the eukaryotic supergroup Opisthokonta are characterized by possession of:
swimming cells with a single, posterior flagellum
Protists that employ the haploid dominant life cycle may produce what pairs of gametes?
~~~ + and - mating types ~~~ Sperm and eggs
Newly discovered species and results from molecular genetic methods have resulted in:
A constantly changing classification of the protists
In the ................ life cycle, diploid cells undergo meiosis to produce gametes, which are the only haploid cells in the life cycle.
Diploid dominant
Protists are .........
Eukaryotes
The term protist comes from a Greek word that reflects the observation that these organisms were Earth's .................. eukaryotes.
First
Protists have evolved diverse ways for locomotion. For example swimming can occur by means of appendages called ................. and ...............
Flagella Cilia
The diploid dominant life cycle involves a zygote undergoing mitosis to produce a population of diploid cells, which then undergo meiosis to produce ........... , which are the only haploid cells in the life cycle.
Gametes
Plankton, phytoplankton, and periphyton are informal groupings of protists classified according to:
Habitat
In endosymbiosis, the endosymbiont lives .................... the body of the host.
Inside, within or in
Photosynthetic protists with primary or secondary plastids that may be unicellular, colonial, or multicellular and may or may not possess flagella are close relatives of ................ ................
Land plants
Parasitic protists of the genus Plasmodium cause the disease
Malaria
Swimming cells with a single, posterior flagellum
Opisthokonta
The cellular process by which an organism obtains energy from a food particle by digesting the particle with enzymes inside a cytoplasmic vesicle is known as ..............
Phagocytosis
The process in which an organism consumes an object by surrounding the object in a vesicle of plasma membrane, which then pinches off within the cytoplasm, and digesting the object by secreting enzymes within the vesicle is known as:
Phagocytosis
An organism that ingests food particles through the plasma membrane and digests them in vesicles within the cytoplasm is a(n)
Phagotroph
Heterotrophic protists that feed by ingesting particles, or phagocytosis, are known as .................
Phagotrophs or Phagotrophic
Which of the following are informal groups of protists classified according to habitat?
Plankton Periphyton
Faster evolutionary response to environmental change is an advantage of the ability of some protists to:
Reproduce sexually
Meiosis and the production of cysts, spores, gametes, and zygotes are all adaptations employed by protists for ..........
Reproduction
Flagellate or amoeboid protists with filose pseudopodia are members of what eukaryotic supergroup?
Rhizaria
True or False: All protists can reproduce asexually.
True
True or false: Sexual reproduction originated among protists.
True
What type of protist is likely to display a haploid dominant life cycle?
Unicellular green algae