Bio ch12
Which of the following best describes Rosalind Franklin's contribution to our understanding of the structure of DNA?
She purified large amounts of DNA, stretched the fibers so the strands were parallel, and used an X-ray beam to produce an image of the molecule.
Why did Hershey and Chase label the viral DNA with radioactive phosphorous and not radioactive sulfur? a) DNA contains phosphorus and no sulfur. b) Proteins contain phosphorus and no sulfur. c) DNA contains sulfur and little phosphorous. d) Proteins acids contain sulfur and little phosphorous.
a
Which type of RNA brings the information in the genetic code from the nucleus to other parts of the cell? a) rRNA b) tRNA c) mRNA d) RNA polymerase
c
Which would be greater in a eukaryote than in a prokaryote? a) The percentage of guanine nucleotides. b) The total number of base pairs in a chromosome. c) The number of replication forks on a strand of DNA. d) The total amount of DNA in a cell.
c
Rosalind Franklin contributed to the understanding of DNA by
producing images of DNA molecules using X-rays.
What binds to the prokaryotic chromosome to start DNA replication?
regulatory proteins
Eukaryotic DNA molecules need to be carefully copied and sorted, especially in the formation of _______________________ cells during meiosis.
reproductive
In RNA, ______________________ is the sugar in the nucleotide.
ribose
RNA contains the sugar
ribose
The tips of chromosomes are known as _________________________.
telomeres
Griffith's experiments advanced the study of genetics by proving that...
there is a chemical that contains genetic information that can be passed from one organism to another.
(true or false) Chargaff contributed to the understanding of DNA by figuring out that the percentages of adenine and thymine were almost equal in any sample of DNA.
true
(true or false) Watson and Crick used the image of DNA taken by Franklin in their work to figure out the structure of DNA.
true
(true or false) When scientists say that DNA transmits information, they mean that it passes information from one generation to the next.
true
In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, how many copies of the chromosome are left after replication?
2
Which scientist made x-ray diffraction photos of DNA? a) Franklin b) Chargaff c) Watson d) Avery
a
In Griffith's experiment, _______________ from the harmful bacteria transferred to the harmless bacteria, and transformed them.
DNA
Why did Hershey and Chase label the viral DNA with radioactive phosphorous and not radioactive sulfur?
DNA contains phosphorus and no sulfur.
In the Hershey-Chase experiment, what happened to the bacteria that had been infected by viruses that had radioactive DNA, and to the bacteria that had been infected with viruses that had been marked with radioactive proteins?
The bacteria infected with viruses that had radioactive DNA had become radioactive. The bacteria that had been infected with viruses marked with radioactive proteins were not radioactive.
What structural problem prevents adenine from pairing with guanine?
The bases are both long.
Which scientist(s) figured out that the shape of a DNA molecule is a double helix?
Watson and Crick
Which bacteria killed the mice in Griffith's transformation experiment? a) live, harmless bacteria and heat-killed, harmful bacteria b) live, harmless bacteria and heat-killed, harmless bacteria c) live harmful bacteria and heat-killed, harmless bacteria d) live harmless bacteria, and live, harmful bacteria
a
DNA makes a good molecule for storing information because a) its bases can be joined together in any order, like the letters of the alphabet can be strung to form different words. b) each nucleotide within a DNA strand can give a cell different information, and there are many nucleotides in every cell. c) it can absorb ultraviolet light, so DNA can help protect cells from the damaging effects of this form of radiation. d) it is a type of nucleic acid, and most acids are an important part of information storage within cells.
a
Griffith's experiments advanced the study of genetics by proving that a) there is a chemical that contains genetic information that can be passed from one organism to another. b) bacteria can make people sick by infecting them with a chemical that contains genetic information. c) the bacteria that can make mice sick are the same bacteria that can be grown in culture dishes in a laboratory. d) genetic information can be passed from parents to their offspring during sexual reproduction.
a
In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, DNA replication happens a) before cell division. b) in the nucleus. c) only to telomeres. d) around the histones.
a
In eukaryotes, DNA a) is located in the nucleus. b) floats freely in the cytoplasm. c) is located in the ribosomes. d) is circular.
a
In the Hershey-Chase experiment, what happened to the bacteria that had been infected by viruses that had radioactive DNA, and to the bacteria that had been infected with viruses that had been marked with radioactive proteins? a) The bacteria infected with viruses that had radioactive DNA had become radioactive. The bacteria that had been infected with viruses marked with radioactive proteins were not radioactive. b) The bacteria infected with viruses that had radioactive proteins had become radioactive. The bacteria that had been infected with viruses marked with radioactive DNA were not radioactive. c) The bacteria infected with viruses that had radioactive DNA had become radioactive. The bacteria that had been infected with viruses marked with radioactive proteins had also became radioactive. d) The bacteria infected with viruses that had radioactive DNA had not become radioactive. The bacteria that had been infected with viruses marked with radioactive proteins had also not become radioactive.
a
RNA contains the sugar a) ribose. b) deoxyribose. c) glucose. d) lactose.
a
Rosalind Franklin contributed to the understanding of DNA by a) producing images of DNA molecules using X-rays. b) figuring out that DNA strands form a double helix. c) conducting experiments that showed which nucleotides are complementary. d) finding that DNA was nucleic acid made up of a long chain of individual nucleotides.
a
What did Avery conclude caused transformation? a) DNA was the transforming factor. b) A protein was the transforming factor. c) A carbohydrate was the transforming factor. d) A lipid was the transforming factor.
a
What is produced during transcription? a) RNA molecules b) DNA molecules c) RNA polymerase d) proteins
a
Which of the following is true? a) RNA is usually single-stranded. b) DNA is usually single-stranded. c) DNA contains uracil. d) RNA contains thymine.
a
Because of base pairing in DNA, the percentage of a) adenine molecules in DNA is about equal to the percentage of guanine molecules. b) thymine molecules in DNA is about equal to the percentage of adenine molecules c) adenine molecules in DNA is much greater than the percentage of thymine molecules. d) cytosine molecules in DNA is much greater than the percentage of guanine molecules.
b
During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces a strand with the bases a) TCGAAC. b) GATCCA. c) AGCTTG. d) GAUCCA.
b
In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, how many copies of the chromosome are left after replication? a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
b
In what way is DNA like a book? a) DNA has information organized with an kind of index. b) DNA has stored information, that can be copied and passed on. c) DNA has information wrapped in an identifying cover. d) DNA has information that is periodically updated.
b
Unlike DNA, RNA contains a) adenine. b) uracil. c) phosphate groups. d) thymine.
b
What binds to the prokaryotic chromosome to start DNA replication? a) replication forks b) regulatory proteins c) chromatids d) telomeres
b
What happened when Griffith injected mice with the harmless, R-strain bacteria alone? a) The bacteria transformed. b) The mouse lived. c) The mouse died. d) The bacteria died.
b
What is inside a bacteriophage? a) protein b) nucleic acid c) lipid d) carbohydrate
b
What property of DNA does bacterial transformation illustrate? a) Bacterial DNA cannot move into other bacteria and function. b) Bacterial DNA can move into another bacteria and function. c) Bacterial DNA uses four nucleotides bases that work in pairs. d) Bacterial DNA is found in a circular chromosome.
b
What would have happened if Avery had added an enzyme that digested all the nucleic acids to the mixture of heat-killed bacteria, added the mixture to harmless bacteria, and injected the mixture into mice? a) The harmless bacteria would have been transformed, and the mice would have died. b) The harmless bacteria would not have been transformed, and the mice would have lived. c) The harmless bacteria would not have been transformed, and the mice would have died. d) The harmless bacteria would have been transformed, and the mice would have lived.
b
Which of the following best describes Rosalind Franklin's contribution to our understanding of the structure of DNA? a) She created many models of DNA based on what was known about its properties, and eventually figured out that the structure of DNA is a double helix. b) She purified large amounts of DNA, stretched the fibers so the strands were parallel, and used an X-ray beam to produce an image of the molecule. c) She isolated DNA from many different organisms, and discovered that in every sample, the amount of guanine was almost exactly equal to the amount of cytosine. d) She used radioactive phosphorus and sulfur to produce radioactive viruses, then allowed these viruses to infect bacteria. She found that DNA was the transforming material.
b
Which of the following forms a base pair with thymine? a) deoxyribose b) adenine c) guanine d) cytosine
b
Which of the following forms a base pair with thymine? a) deoxyribose b) adenine c) guanine d) cytosine
b
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules, a) each with two new strands. b) one with two new strands and the other with two original strands. c) each with one new strand and one original strand. d) each with two original strands.
c
From which molecules are mRNA molecules transcribed? a) tRNA b) rRNA c) DNA d) proteins
c
Griffith called the process he observed transformation because a) the mouse had been transformed. b) the harmful bacteria had been transformed. c) the harmless bacteria had been transformed. d) the experiment had been transformed.
c
In which cells is the accurate transmission of information most important? a) nerve cells b) skin cells c) sex cells d) bone cells
c
Watson and Crick discovered the two strands in DNA a) run in perpendicular directions. b) run in the same direction. c) run in opposite directions. d) run in random directions.
c
What enzyme works to add DNA to ends of chromosomes in rapidly dividing cells such as those found in an embryo, to prevent genes from being lost during replication? a) DNA polymerase b) histones c) telomerase d) chromatin
c
What happens when a piece of DNA is missing? a) Genetic information is stored. b) Genetic information is copied. c) Genetic information is lost. d) Genetic information is transmitted.
c
Which of the following are found in both DNA and RNA? a) ribose, phosphate groups, and adenine b) deoxyribose, phosphate groups, and guanine c) phosphate groups, guanine, and cytosine d) phosphate groups, guanine, and thymine
c
Which of the following include all the others? a) DNA molecules b) histones c) chromosomes d) nucleosomes
c
Which of the following statements correctly describes Chargaff's contribution to the study of DNA? a) Chargaff hypothesized that DNA was a double helix, but he did not produce the image that proved this fact. b) Chargaff's experiments conclusively proved that DNA was made of nucleotides, but he could not show that there four types of nitrogenous bases. c) Chargaff showed that adenine and thymine were found in equal percentages in DNA, but he did not know this was because of base-pairing. d) Chargaff's work proved that DNA could be made using radioactive nucleotides, but he did not show that DNA could be transferred from one organism to another.
c
Which of the following statements is true of eukaryotic DNA? a) A promoter is part of an intron. b) An intron is part of a promoter. c) Introns are sequences of DNA. d) Exons are edited out of pre-mRNA.
c
Which scientist(s) figured out that the shape of a DNA molecule is a double helix? a) Hershey and Chase b) Griffith c) Watson and Crick d) Franklin
c
During eukaryotic transcription, an RNA molecule is formed that is a) complementary to both strands of DNA. b) identical to an entire single strand of DNA. c) double-stranded and inside the nucleus. d) complementary to part of one strand of DNA .
d
What did Rosalind Franklin contribute to the effort to identify the structure of DNA? a) models made of cardboard and wire showing the shape of DNA b) the ratios of the two sets of nucleotide pairs in DNA c) radioactive evidence that DNA carried the genetic code d) x-ray diffraction photos of the DNA molecule
d
What do bacteriophages infect? a) mice. b) humans. c) viruses. d) bacteria.
d
What is the chronological order of the important discoveries in the structure of DNA? a) Franklin makes an X-ray diffraction photo of DNA --> Chargaff's ratios of nucleotides --> Watson and Crick identify the double helix b) Franklin makes an X-ray diffraction photo of DNA --> Watson and Crick identify the double helix --> Chargaff's ratios of nucleotides c) Chargaff's ratios of nucleotides --> Watson and Crick identify the double helix --> Franklin makes an X-ray diffraction photo of DNA d) Chargaff's ratios of nucleotides --> Franklin makes an X-ray diffraction photo of DNA --> Watson and Crick identify the double helix
d
What stores information in a cell? a) proteins b) carbohydrates c) lipids d) DNA
d
What structural problem prevents adenine from pairing with guanine? a) The bases are both short. b) They lack phosphate groups. c) They lack the deoxyribose group. d) The bases are both long.
d
Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA? a) adenine + phosphate group + thymine b) cytosine + phosphate group + guanine c) deoxyribose + phosphate group + polymerase d) deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine
d
Which of the following is true of transcription? a) In eukaryotes, transcription takes place in the cytoplasm and requires many enzymes. b) RNA polymerase recognizes and binds to specific regions of the DNA called introns. c) RNA editing removes the exons from pre-mRNA, leaving only the introns in the final molecule. d) RNA polymerase can make many molecules of RNA from a single DNA sequence.
d
The Watson and Crick model of DNA is a(an) ____________________________ , in which two strands are wound around each other
double helix
(true or false) A DNA strand that had the sequence TACGTT would have a complimentary strand ATCGAT.
false
(true or false) Bacteriophages inject protein into bacteria, altering the bacteria's genetic information.
false
(true or false) During DNA replication, only one strand of DNA serves as a template.
false
(true or false) In eukaryotes, DNA replication proceeds in one direction along the DNA molecule.
false
(true or false) The replication of a DNA molecule results in four copies of the same gene.
false
(true or false) Watson and Crick discovered that covalent bonds hold base pairs together at the center of a strand of DNA.
false
_____________________________________ are weak bonds that hold the two strands of DNA together, but also allow the DNA to separate and replicate.
hydrogen bonds
In eukaryotes, DNA...
is located in the nucleus.
Which bacteria killed the mice in Griffith's transformation experiment?
live, harmless bacteria and heat-killed, harmful bacteria
Which molecules are involved in protein synthesis?
messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA
