bio chap 4

Basal bodies are most closely associated with which of the following cell components?

cilia

the difference in brightness between the light and dark areas of an image.

cotrast

where would you expect to find proteins involved with movement of structues within a cell

cytoskeleton

Which is/are likely to limit the maximum size of a cell?

diffusion time, surface area to volume ration , and shape.

focuses a beam of electrons through the specimen or onto its surface

electron microscope

revealed many subcellular structures that were impossible to resolve with the light microscope.

electron microscopes

Consider a protein that is made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. When the synthesis of the protein is complete, the protein is located in the ER membrane. Where else in the cell might this protein be found? (Section 4.4) (Chapter 4)

embedded in the plasma membrane functioning in the transport of molecules into the cell ( membrane protein )

Microtubules and microfilaments commonly work with what to perform many of their functions? (Section 4.6) (Chapter 4)

motor proteins

cilia and flagella move due to the interactions of the cytoskeleton with what ?

motor proteins

a measure of the clarity of the image; it is the minimum distance two points can be separated and still be distinguished as separate points.

resolution

what is the functional connection between the nucleolus, nuclear pores , and the nuclear membrane

subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass though the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores.

which is / are the site(s) of protein synthesis in a typical eukaryotic cell ?

the cytoplasm , rough ER , and mitocondria

which stamens about the cytoskeleton is true

Components of the cytoskeleton often mediate the movement of organelles within the cytoplasm.

Which correctly compares the extracellular matrix (ECM) of animal cells to cell walls of plant cells? (Section 4.7)

Both the ECM and the plant cell wall are composed of varying mixtures of proteins and carbohydrates.

In a ______, visible light is passed though the specimens and then though the glass lenses

Light microscope ( LM)

Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through __________. (Section 4.7) (Chapter 4)

Plasmodeesma ( plant cell )

is especially useful for detailed study of the topography of a specimen . The electron beam scans the surface of the sample, usually coated with a thin film of gold. The beam excites electrons on the surface, and these secondary electrons are detected by a device that translates the pattern of electrons into an electronic signal sent to a video screen.

Scanning electron microscope

Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why?

The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions.

s used to study the internal structure of cells (see Figure 4.3). The TEM aims an electron beam through a very thin section of the specimen, much as a light microscope aims light through a sample on a slide. For the TEM, the specimen has been stained with atoms of heavy metals, which attach to certain cellular structures, thus enhancing the electron density of some parts of the cell more than others.

Transmission electron microscope

in addition to the fundamental structures required to be defied as a cell, which cell types(s) also has/have a nucleus and chloroplasts?

a protist cell and plant cell

consider two sells with the same volume but with very different surface area to difference in their shapes. the cells with the larger surface areas is likely to

be involved in the rapid uptake of compounds from the cells environment

Which statement correctly describes characteristic shared by plant cell walls and an animal cell extracellular matrices?

both are permeable to water and small solutions annnnnnd both are synthesized n the ER and Golgi golgi apparatus

which of these is the simplest unit of life ?

cell

which organelle is specific to animal cells ?

centrioles

in terms of cellular function what is the most important difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized which allows fro specialization

Which structures will not necessarily increase in abundance in pancreatic cells that begin to secrete large amounts of digestive enzymes? (Section 4.4) (Chapter 4)

free cytoplasmic ribosomes

Which is/are most likely to be involved in the process of producing proteins for a chloroplast or mitochondrion? (Section 4.4) (Chapter 4)

free cytoplasmic ribosomes ( Most proteins that function in chloroplasts and mitochondria are made on free cytoplasmic ribosomes and then imported into their respective organelles)

A researcher made an interesting observation about a protein made by the rough endoplasmic reticulum and eventually found in a cell's plasma membrane. The protein in the plasma membrane was actually slightly different from the protein made in the ER. The protein was probably altered in the __________. (Section 4.4) (Chapter 4)

golgi apparatus (Vesicles carrying proteins from the rough ER fuse with the Golgi apparatus, where the proteins may be altered.)

Chloroplasts and mitochondria are thought to have started as prokaryotes. One piece of supports for this hypothesis is these organelles prokaryotic-type ribosomes. These ribosomes are probably most similar to ribosomes found _____.

in bacterial cells

A protein that ultimately functions in the plasma membrane of a cell is most likely to have been synthesized __________. (Section 4.4) (Chapter 4)

in the rough ER ( all membrane proteins are made in the Rough ER )

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic. Unlike a typical eukaryotic cell they __________.

lack membrane bound organelles in their cytoplasm

offers advantages, especially in studying living cells.

light microscope

a researcher wants to film the moment of chromosomes during cell devision, which type of microscope should be chosen and why ?

light microscope ( LM) , because the specimens is alive

the ration of an objects image size to its real size

magnifcation

Which category best fits the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

manufacturing

which of these is false

mitochondria contain ribosomes in the intermembrane space

which structure is founding eukaryotic, but not prokaryotic , cells

mitocondria

the observation that chloroplasts and mitochondria each contain their own DNA and synthesize some of the proteins that function in these organelles suggests that chloroplasts and mitochondria __________. (Section 4.5) (Chapter 4)

must divide each time the cell divides

Which is a possible reason for grouping the peroxisomes with chloroplasts and mitochondria?

none of theses organelle are part of the endomembrane system

which organelle might be found inside other organelles

ribosomes

which feature do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common

ribosomes , plasma membrane, cytoplasm

which group is primarily involved in synthesizing molecules needed by the cell

ribosomes, rough ER , smooth ER

The walls of plant cells are largely composed of polysaccharides and proteins that are synthesized ____________.

rough ER and golgi

you should expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to _________.

secrete a lot of protein

cell fractionation

separates cells into their smaller components parts

a dish of animal cells was grown in the presence of a radioactive phosphorus. the phosphorous early needed up in nucleotides. in which cellular structues(s) would you priest the majority of the radioactive phosphorous to accumulate ?

the nucleus

a substance moving from outside of the cell into he cytoplasm must pass through

the plasma membrane

which statements about chloroplast and mitochondria is true?

the synthesize their own proteins