BIO CHAP 6
Primarily, cellular respiration serves to _____.
make ATP to power the cell's activities
Lungs are to breathing as _____ are to cellular respiration
mitochondria
The electron transport chain is a series of electron carrier molecules. In eukaryotes, where can this structure be found?
mitochondria
A scientist wants to study the enzymes of the citric acid cycle in eukaryotic cells. What part of the cell would she use as a source of these enzymes?
mitochondrial matrix
Which statement describes the electron transport chain?
This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration.
Which of the following processes takes place in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell?
glycolysis
Select the correct sequence of steps as energy is extracted from glucose during cellular respiration.
glycolysis → acetyl CoA → citric acid cycle → electron transport chain
In glycolysis, ATP molecules are produced by _____.
substrate-level phosphorylation
What process occurs within Box B?
the citric acid cycle
Where do the reactions of the citric acid cycle occur in eukaryotic cells?
the mitochondrion
What is the ultimate fate of the electrons that are stripped from glucose during cellular respiration?
they are used to form water
Substrate-level phosphorylation directly generates ATP during a chemical reaction. As a single molecule of glucose is completely oxidized in the presence of oxygen, what is the net yield of molecules of ATP made by substrate-level phosphorylation?
4 ATP
How many NADH are produced by glycolysis?
2
Why is the citric acid cycle called a cycle?
Acetyl CoA binds to oxaloacetate and this compound is restored at the end of the cycle.
Which of these is NOT a product of glycolysis?
FADH2
In what organelle would you find acetyl CoA formation, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain?
mitochondrion
What molecule is indicated by the letter D?
oxygen
In glycolysis there is a net gain of _____ ATP.
2
Where does glycolysis occur in a eukaryotic cell?
in the cytoplasmic fluid
When a car engine burns gasoline, the results of the reaction are similar to when cells burn glucose. Both reactions release carbon dioxide and water. In cells, the chemical energy in food is converted to ATP and heat. In a moving car, the chemical energy in gasoline is converted to __________.
kinetic energy and heat
Sports physiologists at an Olympic training center want to monitor athletes to determine at what point their muscles begin to function anaerobically. They could do this by checking for a buildup of _____.
lactic acid
In cellular respiration, glucose _____ electrons, whereas _____ electrons.
loses ... oxygen gains
A molecule that functions as the electron donor in a redox reaction __________.
loses electrons and becomes oxidized
Bacteria have no membrane-enclosed organelles. However, some still generate ATP through cellular respiration. Where might the electron transport chain be found in these organisms?
plasma membrane
A muscle cell deprived of molecular oxygen will convert glucose to lactic acid to __________.
recycle NADH through fermentation
In eukaryotes, most of the high-energy electrons released from glucose by cellular respiration __________.
reduce NAD+ to NADH, which then delivers them to the electron transport chain
The energy production per acetyl CoA molecule through the citric acid cycle is __________.
1 ATP, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2
In glycolysis, what starts the process of glucose breakdown?
ATP
What is the correct general equation for cellular respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy
Which of the following best describes the electron transport chain?
Electrons pass from one carrier to another, releasing a little energy at each step.
As shown below, an electron carrier, such as __________, acts as an energy-storage molecule when it is __________.
NADH...reduced
Which statement describes the citric acid cycle?
This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion.
Which statement describes glycolysis?
This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose
Through respiration, humans breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2. However, what would happen if we did not breathe in O2?
We would not make enough ATP to meet our energy requirements
What two-carbon precursor molecule from carbohydrate metabolism is used to produce fatty acids?
acetyl-CoA
In an experiment, mice were fed glucose (C6H12O6) containing a small amount of radioactive carbon. The mice were closely monitored, and in a few minutes, radioactive carbon atoms showed up in __________.
carbon dioxide
During cellular respiration, glucose is oxidized. However, an intermediate __________ can be siphoned off and used to synthesize fats
glyceraldeyhyde 3-phosphate
What is the name of the process in which glucose is converted to pyruvate?
glycolysis
What process occurs in Box A?
glycolysis
