Bio: Chapter 1 & 2

A solution with a pH of 3 is

Acidic

All cells living today came from a preexisting __________.

Cell

The flexible poles providing structure to a soft - sided tent most closely resemble the

Cytoskeleton in an animal cell or other cell without a cell wall.

Which of the following statements is true of proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids?

Each of these molecules is built from a set of common.

There are cells in the human pancreas that produce insulin, a peptide hormone important in the regulation of blood sugar levels by adjusting the metabolism of sugars and fats. Once the pancreas cells have produced the initial peptide (small string of amino acids) component of insulin, it must be finished, packaged, and shipped out of the cell. Which organelles would likely be involved in this process of finishing, packaging, and shipping of a peptide hormone?

Golgi apparatus

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes are primarily distinguished by the absence or presence of internal

Membrane - enclosed organelles

Human muscle cells need large amounts of ATP to function in the movement of the body, which is why __________ are especially abundant in muscle cells.

Mitochondria

A solution with a pH of 4 is __________ acidic than a solution with a pH of 5. The solution with the pH of 4 has a __________ concentration of hydrogen ions than the solution with a pH of 5.

More; higher

Humans are much larger than mice. Are human cells much large than mouse cells?

No, humans have more cells of about the same sizes as mouse cells.

A white blood cell (WBC) encounters bacteria in a scrape on the knee of a child who has fallen off his bicycle. The WBC's job is to take the bacteria inside of itself and destroy the bacteria. If the bacteria cannot be moved across the WBC membrane, how will the WBC most likely take it in?

Phagocytosis

Living cells have an intact phospholipid bilayer that separates the cell from its external environment; this structure is commonly referred to as the

Plasma membrane.

Macromolecules are typically formed by repetitively adding small monomers together. Which macromolecule is properly matched with the appropriate monomer?

Polypeptide - amino acid

Which of the following is the largest in size?

Protein

Which of the following statements best describes the differences between the nuclear envelope and the plasma membrane?

The nuclear envelope consists of two concentric phospholipid bilayers, while the plasma membrane is only one phospholipid bilayer. Both membranes are selectively permeable and have pores.

We use soap to clean ourselves better than we could with water alone. Soaps contain phospholipids that are responsible for the cleansing action. Which of the following statements is the most likely explanation for how soaps work?

The phospholipid tail attaches to the oily dirt while the phospholipid head interacts with the rinse water and carries the dirt (and soap) away with it.

Which of the following statements is true of chloroplasts?

They capture energy from sunlight.

Why would hydrophilic substances such as sodium ions (Na+), hydrogen ions (H+), sugars, and amino acids be unable to simply diffuse across a plasma membrane?

They do not readily mix with the hydrophobic tails forming the core of the phospholipid bilayer; therefore, they must move across by facilitated diffusion.

Which of the following accurately describes viruses?

Typically a piece of genetic material encased in proteins, viruses are small, noncellular infectious agents that are only capable of reproducing when inside a living cell such as those of plants, animals, fungi, protozoans, or bacteria.

Which of the following would be likely to move through a plasma membrane by simple diffusion?

Water (H20), carbon dioxide (CO2), and oxygen (O2)

Oil and water do not mix well because

Water is polar and oil is nonpolar