Bio Chapter 1

Single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus belong to the domains Bacteria and ________.

Archaea

Suppose you are testing a treatment for AIDS patients and find that 75% respond well, whereas 25% show no improvement or a decline in health. You should A) begin work on developing a new drug. B) review the results, modify the drug or the dosage, and repeat the experiment. C) conclude that only 75% of AIDS patients should be treated. D) discontinue experimentation with this treatment because 25% of patients did not improve. E) conclude that you have proven the effectiveness of the drug.

B) review the results, modify the drug or the dosage, and repeat the experiment

Francesco Redi designed an experiment to test the notion of spontaneous generation. He left the first jar of meat open to the air and covered the second jar. The first jar would be called the ________ jar.

Control

In which kingdom does a multicellular, eukaryotic, photosynthetic organism belong?

Plantae

Which kingdom possesses unicellular animal-like species and unicellular plantlike species?

Protista

Photosynthetic bacteria are examples of autotrophs. (T or F)

True

Of the following levels of organization, Archaea have

atoms and molecules

The basic unit of life is the ________.

cell

A change in the genetic makeup of a species over time is called

evolution

Suppose an organism has an enzyme that repairs changes in its DNA. The result is a decrease in mutations. This trait would definitely influence the organism's ability to

evolve

The variation among individuals, on which natural selection acts, describes

genetic differences

A scientific theory

is a general explanation for a natural phenomena

All scientific study begins with ________ and the formation of testable hypotheses.

observations

A group of similar, interbreeding individuals that live in the same area is a(n) ________.

population

A group of individuals who are able to interbreed, regardless of their geographical location, is defined as a(n) ________.

species

Imagine that 1 milliliter of an experimental drug diluted in a saline solution is injected into 20 pregnant mice to determine possible side effects. Which of the following is a suitable control for this experiment? A) 20 pregnant mice injected with 1 milliliter of saline B) 20 pregnant mice injected with 2 milliliters of the drug C) 20 non-pregnant mice injected with 1 milliliter of the drug D) 20 male mice injected with 1 milliliter of the drug E) 20 male mice injected with 1 milliliter of saline

A) 20 pregnant mice injected with 1 milliliter of saline

Which of the following statements about the Bacteria and Eukarya domains is TRUE? A) All members of Bacteria are prokaryotic cells and all members of Eukarya are eukaryotic cells. B) Only members of Eukarya have the ability to grow and reproduce. C) All members of Bacteria are single-celled and all members of Eukarya are multicellular. D) All members of Bacteria acquire nutrients via ingestion and all members of Eukarya acquire nutrients by photosynthesis.

A) All members of Bacteria are prokaryotic cells and all members of Eukarya are eukaryotic cells.

Which is the correct sequence of increasing organization? A) Cell, tissue, organ, organ system B) Organ, tissue, cell, molecule C) Organelle, tissue, cell, organ D) Molecule, cell, organelle, organ E) Atom, molecule, tissue, cell

A) Cell, tissue, organ, organ system

Which group has prokaryotic individuals? A) Domain Archaea B) Kingdom Fungi C) Kingdom Plantae D) Kingdom Animalia E) Protist kingdoms

A) Domain

We use the scientific method every day. Imagine that your car doesn't start one morning before school. Which of these is a reasonable hypothesis regarding the problem? A) If I put gas in my car, it will start. B) I should change the battery or the starter. C) I should add a quart of oil. D) I should check whether the lights were left on and drained the battery. E) I'm going to be late.

A) If I put gas in my car, it will start

Which of the following is an example of deductive reasoning? A) If an object exhibits all the characteristics of life, it must be living. B) All objects on Earth will fall down when dropped, and none will "fall up." C) Living objects are composed of cells. D) Atoms make up molecules, which make up cells, which make up tissues.

A) If an object exhibits all the characteristics of life, it must be living

In evolutionary terms, which of the following cells is considered to be the most primitive? A) Prokaryote B) Eukaryote C) Autotroph D) Heterotroph

A) Prokaryote

An organism in the domain Eukarya is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT A) being composed of prokaryotic cells. B) the ability to maintain precise internal conditions. C) ingestion of organic matter to acquire nutrients. D) the potential to grow and reproduce.

A) being composed of prokaryotic cells

To test the effect of vitamin D on growth, two groups of rats were raised under identical conditions and fed the same diet. One of the groups received daily injections of vitamin D. The other group received injections of saline, which did not contain vitamin D. All the rats were weighed weekly for 2 months. In this experiment, the control was the A) group receiving saline. B) average weight gain of the rats. C) 2-month period of time. D) group receiving vitamin D.

A) group receiving saline

Which of the following is an example of a natural cause? A) Mice arise from discarded garbage. B) Epilepsy is a disease caused by uncontrolled firing of nerve cells in the brain. C) Maggots appear spontaneously on rotting meat. D) If you sneeze, you will die.

B) Epilepsy is a disease caused by uncontrolled firing of nerve cells in the brain

Which of the following statements is a hypothesis rather than a theory? A) Modern organisms descended from preexisting life-forms. B) Female birds prefer to mate with male birds that have longer tails. C) Matter is composed of atoms. D) Living things are made of cells.

B) Female birds prefer to mate with male birds that have longer tails.

Alexander Fleming observed a colony of mold that inhibited the growth of nearby bacteria. What was the hypothesis proposed by Fleming to explain this result? A) The bacteria changed their DNA when growing near the mold. B) The mold produced a substance that killed nearby bacteria. C) The mold used all of the nutrients so that the bacteria couldn't grow. D) The mold was dead.

B) The mold produced a substance that killed nearby bacteria

Which of the following levels of organization is the most inclusive (i.e., includes the most life-forms)? A) Community B) Species C) Biosphere D) Ecosystem E) Population

Biosphere

Which is NOT an example of evolution? A) Flightless birds living on islands without predators B) The development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria C) A dog learning how to open the cabinet where its food is kept D) Annual changes in the flu virus due to mutations E) The 2- to 3-year effectiveness of most commercial pesticides in killing insects

C) A dog learning how to open the cabinet where its food is kept

Which of the following is FALSE about scientific theories? A) They can be either supported or modified by new observations. B) They are used to support observations using deductive reasoning. C) They are firmly established and cannot be refuted. D) They are developed by inductive reasoning. E) They have been thoroughly tested.

C) They are firmly established and cannot be refuted

The scientific method includes all of the following EXCEPT A) an observation. B) a hypothesis. C) a testable theory. D) experimentation. E) conclusions.

C) a testable theory

Which of the following is TRUE regarding faith-based beliefs and scientific theories? A) Faith-based beliefs can become scientific theories. B) Both faith-based beliefs and scientific theories can be proven. C) Scientific theories are not modifiable, but faith-based beliefs are. D) Any and all scientific theories can be disproven, but faith-based beliefs cannot. E) Any and all faith-based beliefs can be disproven, but scientific theories cannot.

D) Any and all scientific theories can be disproven, but faith-based beliefs cannot.

Which of these would be an example of a NON-scientific study? A) NASA sends tadpoles up in the space shuttle to see how gravity affects their development. B) People are immunized with different vaccines to determine their relative effectiveness against the flu virus. C) A study determines differences in the species composition in two parks. D) Consumers are asked which tomato variety produces the best-tasting spaghetti sauce. E) A company uses different advertising methods for a product to determine which one produces the most sales.

D) Consumers are asked which tomato variety produces the best-tasting spaghetti sauce

All of the following are important to the theory of evolution EXCEPT A) variation in traits within an entire population. B) mutations. C) inheritance of traits. D) changes in individuals within their lifetimes. E) environmental change.

D) changes in individuals within their lifetimes

Which of the following is a characteristic of living organisms? A) Eat other organisms B) Have membrane-bound organelles C) Have a nucleus D) Maintenance and regulation of internal conditions E) Ability to produce energy

D) maintenance and regulation of internal conditions

All of the following are examples of adaptations EXCEPT A) insects that resemble twigs. B) larger teeth in beavers for gnawing wood. C) flower coloration that attracts pollinators. D) mice learning a maze to get food. E) different beak shapes for birds that eat seeds or insects.

D) mice learning a maze to get food

Adaptations include all of the following EXCEPT A) reduced heart rate and oxygen consumption in seals that dive deep for long periods of time. B) inborn migratory behavior of young birds born in the Arctic. C) larger body size in male gorillas, which fight over females. D) teaching a pet parrot to talk.

D) teaching a pet parrot to talk

Chromosomes are made of

DNA and protein

All of the following are features of the scientific method EXCEPT A) repeatable by other scientists. B) deductive reasoning. C) observation and experimentation. D) hypothesis formulation. E) supernatural causes.

E) supernatural causes

A good experiment should include as many variables as possible at the same time. (T or F)

False

A hypothesis is typically stated as an "If . . . then" statement. (T or F)

False

Biodiversity is the total number of organisms in an ecosystem. (T or F)

False

Prokaryotic cells have a true nucleus and eukaryotic cells do not. (T or F)

False

Scientific theories are the same in any part of the world (meaning they do not vary by location). (T or F)

False

Why do heterotrophs require "food" for survival?

Food provides the organic chemicals needed by heterotrophs.

Why do humans born without sweat glands usually not survive?

Sweating is an important mechanism for maintaining the correct body temperature

Adaptations aid in the survival and reproduction of an organism in a particular environment. (T or F)

True

Scientific experimentation generally leads to more questions. (T or F)

True

The energy that sustains life ultimately comes from sunlight. (T or F)

True

Variation among organisms is due to mutations. (T or F)

True

The smallest units that still retain the characteristics of an element are called

atoms

Photosynthetic plants are considered "self-feeders," or ________.

autotrophs

In a word, evolution means

change

A mutation is a

change in DNA sequence

Using its antennae, the male moth finds female moths by following a trail of airborne chemicals, called pheromones, upwind from the female producing them. This is an example of how living things

detect and respond to stimuli

Dinosaurs are not alive today because they

did not evolve fast enough to keep up with rapid environmental change

The experiments of Francesco Redi

disproved the idea of spontaneous generation

Evolution is sometimes described as the change from preexisting life-forms to modern-day organisms. What actually changes, in every case of evolution, is the

energy and nutritional demands of the organism

Science cannot answer faith-based questions because

faith based beliefs are impossible to either prove or disprove

The main difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph is

how they obtain energy

A scientific explanation that is conditional and requires more investigation is called a(n)

hypothesis

A basic difference between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell is that the prokaryotic cell

lacks a nucleus

After you drink a glass of acidic lemonade, your body's pH does not change. This is an example of how humans and other organisms

maintain precise internal conditions through homeostasis

Errors or changes in the DNA of an organism are called ________.

mutations

Scientific Inquiry is based on

natural causes

A mutation can be the cause for

natural selection

The three natural processes that underlie evolution are genetic variation, inheritance, and ________.

natural selection

All of the following are true of all living organisms EXCEPT that they A) possess either DNA or RNA. B) respond to stimuli. C) are made of cells. D) can grow. E) can reproduce themselves.

possess either DNA or RNA

Cells that contain a nucleus are eukaryotic, and cells without a nucleus are ________.

prokaryotic

A cell that lacks organelles is a(n)

prokaryotic cell

You observe a plant on your windowsill that is growing at an angle toward the outside. This is an example of a living thing

responding to stimuli

An organism's ability to detect stimuli from either the internal or external environment is called

responsiveness

The concept of evolution is based on

survival and successful reproduction in organisms with favorable variations

A carefully formulated scientific explanation that is based on extensive observations and is in accord with scientific principles is called a

theory