BIO- Chapter 20

_____ is the connective tissue specialized for transport.

Blood

If blood sugar is under homeostatic control using negative feedback, what will happen if blood sugar levels drop between meals?

Blood sugar will begin to rise until it reaches an appropriate value.

How does connective tissue differ from the other three major tissue types?

Connective tissue often consists of relatively few cells embedded in an extracellular matrix.

Which of these describes loose connective tissue?

It is a loose weave of fibers that functions as a packing material.

Which of these is an example of negative feedback?

The end product of a reaction sequence shuts down the reaction sequence.

Anatomy is to physiology as ___________.

a book is to reading

What would be the function of an epithelial cell with a relatively large amount of cytoplasm?

absorption and secretion

Cartilage is found _____.

at the ends of bones such as the femur

Myelin sheaths cover sections of some neurons. These neurons transmit information at a higher rate than neurons without a myelin sheath. Which part of the neuron is most likely covered by a myelin sheath?

axon

Which of these is NOT one of the four major categories of tissue?

blood

Which of the six major types of connective tissue has a rigid matrix made of collagen and calcium salts?

bone

Cardiac muscle is the only muscle composed of _____ fibers.

branched

__________ are the fundamental units of life.

cells

Which of the following options lists the structural elements of organisms in the correct order, from smallest to largest?

cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms

Which of the following tissues is responsible for food absorption in the small intestines?

columnar epithelium

A neuron consists of _____.

dendrites, a cell body, and axons

Can you match these structures, functions, and examples with the appropriate type of animal tissue?

epithelial tissue: structure of tissue: sheet of tightly packed cells; one or several cell layers thick function of tissue: lines organs and body cavities; functions in protection, absorption, and exchange tissue type: epidermis of skin connective tissue: tissue type: bone structure of tissue: sparse population of cells in an extracellular matrix function of tissue: binds and supports other tissues muscle tissue: function of tissue: moves body parts tissue type: skeletal, smooth or cardiac structure of tissue: cells called fibers containing contractile proteins nervous tissue: function of tissue: senses stimuli and transmits signals throughout body tissue type: brain and spinal cord structure of tissue: neurons with branching extensions

The exchange of gases by the respiratory system is made efficient by _______.

finely branched air tubes and blood vessels, which increase the internal surface area

Our body temperature stays constant no matter the changes that may occur in the outer environment - for example, a hot summer afternoon or a cold winter morning. This is an example of _____.

homeostasis

The body's first line of defense from microbial infections is afforded by the _____ system.

integumentary

When a jogger starts to run, the rate at which his muscles produce carbon dioxide rises sharply. But the carbon dioxide in his blood rises only slightly before he starts to breathe faster and his heart starts beating more strongly. Soon his increased rate of CO2 production is balanced by an increased rate of CO2 removal. This would be an example of _____ feedback because the jogger's circulatory and respiratory systems are _____.

negative ... acting to oppose the increase of blood CO2 from the preferred concentration

In addition to the integrity of the integumentary system, what other component of the skin protects against bacterial infection?

oil gland

The heart is an example of a(n) ___________.

organ

The heart pumps blood through blood vessels to reach all areas of the body. Together, the heart and blood vessels form a(n) __________.

organ system

The extracellular matrix of blood is _____.

plasma

What aspect of a bird's wings would be studied by a physiologist?

role of feather barbs in flight

What type of epithelial tissue, found in the intestines, absorbs nutrients?

simple columnar epithelium

Which of the following is an example of a tissue?

simple columnar epithelium lining the intestine

What type of epithelial tissue lines kidney tubules?

simple cuboidal cells

Which of these tissues is specialized for allowing the exchange of materials by simple diffusion?

simple squamous epithelium

Which of these tissues, found in the lungs, permits gas exchange by diffusion?

simple squamous epithelium

_____ muscle is attached to bones.

skeletal

Voluntary body movements involve _____.

skeletal muscle

What type of muscle is responsible for contractions of the digestive tract and arteries?

smooth muscle

What type of epithelium would you expect to find covering a surface subject to physical forces?

stratified epithelium

The type of epithelium that lines the inside of your cheeks (within your mouth) is __________.

stratified squamous epithelium

A neuroanatomist would be interested in __________.

the neuronal connections between different regions of the brain

Nervous tissue functions _____.

to sense stimuli

The tissue shown below is commonly found in the _____.

ventricles of the heart

Can you match the terms with their descriptions? The schematic diagram shows indirect exchange between the environment and the cells of a complex animal.

1. surface area 2. digestive system 3. respiratory system 4. urinary system 5. circulatory system 6. interstitial fluid