Bio Chapter 25

If a certain section of a template strand of DNA had the sequence AATGCCCG, the mRNA transcript's sequence would be

UUACGGGC

Which of the following are possible locations where ribosomes serve as sites for protein synthesis in a eukaryotic cell?

bound to endoplasmic reticulum free in cytoplasm

The first stage of translation, during which ribosomes assemble around mRNA is called

initiation

Which of the following are components or structures of a ribosome?

protein small subunit ribosomal RNA large subunit

During the 1940s, scientists considered which two molecules most likely to be genetic material?

proteins and DNA

In the 1940s, scientists had concluded that the genetic material was most likely either

proteins or DNA

Ribosomes are made of proteins and a type of nucleic acid abbreviated

rRNA

Which RNA molecule is associated most closely with both ribosomes and translation?

rRNA

a ______ is a permanent change to the base sequence of DNA.

gene mutation

The synthesis of new DNA double helix molecules from a pre-existing parent molecule is called _______.

DNA replication

The purpose of mRNA is to carry information from

DNA to Ribosomes

The production and usage of a gene's product is called gene

Expression

Genes that are active in most of the body's cell are called _____ genes.

housekeeping

Which of the following are components of a nucleotide?

Nitrogen-containing base 5-carbon sugar Phosphate

What is the name of the enzyme complex responsible for synthesizing a new RNA molecule through nucleotide binding?

RNA Polymerase

Which of the following are true of both transcription and translation?

RNA is involved involve proteins and nucleic acids stage in gene expression occur in eukaryotes and prokaryotes

The enzyme that is responsible for catalyzing the process of transcription is called

RNA polymerase

Which scientist's X-ray diffraction data helped to demonstrate the double helix structure of DNA?

Rosalind Franklin

Why did early molecular geneticists know that the genetic material needed to be a stable molecule?

So it could be replicated accurately. So it could be passed from one generation to the next.

True or false: A purine base normally pairs with a pyrimidine base.

True

True or false: All three major types of RNA are produced by transcription of DNA.

True

During elongation,

amino acids are brought to the ribosome sequentially.

During the process of translation, the codon matches up with its complement, the

anit-codon

the choices that describe mutagens.

are environmental factors cause changes in DNA base sequences can be physical, like radiation, or chemical

a three-nucleotide sequence in mRNA that codes for a particular amino acid.

codon

Protein synthesis (translation) occurs at which of the following locations within eukaryotic cells?

cytoplasm rough endoplasmic reticulum

The phase of translation that allows additional amino acids to be added to the growing polypeptide is called

elongation

Transcription and translation are two stages in the process of gene

expression

Which structure carries genetic information from the DNA to the ribosome?

mRNA

items that play a part in translational initiation.

mRNA start codon rRNA

Chemical or physical agents that increase the chance of mutation are called

mutagen

DNA is composed of units called _____, each of which contains a phosphate group, a 5-carbon sugar, and one of 4 nitrogen-containing bases.

nucleotide

Which of the following are true of transcription but not translation?

occurs in eukaryotic nuclei involves RNA polymerase

What the characteristics that researchers suspected the genetic material would have prior to the discovery that the genetic material was DNA.

passes from one generation to the next accurate replication ability to store information

A mutation that results in a difference of one base from the original DNA sequence is called a

point mutation

A mutation that results in one base in the DNA being replaced by a different base is called a

point mutation

The production of two DNA copies from a single original DNA molecule is called DNA ______

replication

Select the characteristics of translation.

results in a protein product involves a mRNA molecule

The specific type of nucleic acid bearing anticodons for the amino acid sequence is abbreviated

tRNA

Which nucleic acid is the physical carrier of individual amino acids?

tRNA

During initiation,

the ribosomal subunits assemble.

The process by which an RNA strand is synthesized from a DNA template strand is called

transcription

The genetic code is said to be a ______ code, because a set of three nucleotide bases codes for a particular amino acid.

triplet