Bio Chapter 4 and 5

_ cells lack a membrane-enclosed nucleus. Fungal Plant Eukaryotic Prokaryotic

Prokaryotic

In the plasma membrane, the phospholipid heads A.hydrophilic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane. B.are hydrophilic and face inward, shielded from water. C.are hydrophobic and face inward, shielded from water. D.are hydrophobic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane.

A

Contractile vacuoles A.allow organisms to avoid dehydration by absorbing water from the environment. B.prevent cells from bursting as a result of the influx of excess water. C.help in the excretion of excess salt. D.are generally found in protists that inhabit salt water.

B.

The ____________________ builds compounds, whereas the ________________ breaks things down. A.Golgi apparatus; central vacuole B.endoplasmic reticulum; Golgi apparatus C.endoplasmic reticulum; lysosome D.Golgi apparatus; lysosome

C.

What do the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes have in common? View Available Hint(s) They are constructed of interrelated membranes. They are all physically connected to each other. They all perform similar roles in the cell. All are located in the nucleus of the cell.

They are constructed of interrelated membranes

What is the description of ATP?

Three polypeptides, and two A's connected to ribose.

The main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is the production of a.membrane and proteins secreted by the cell. b.hydrogen peroxide and steroid hormones secreted by the cell. c.ribosomes and steroid hormones. d.mitochondria and proteins secreted by the cell.

a

Which is a typical function of lysosomes? View Available Hint(s) a.breaking down of damaged organelles, such as mitochondria b.rebuilding macromolecules, such as glycoproteins c.storage of food particles for energy purposes d.keeping bacteria within a safe, contained environment

a.

Certain cells that line the stomach synthesize a digestive enzyme and secrete it into the stomach. This enzyme is a protein. Which of the following processes could be responsible for its secretion? a.exocytosis b.diffusion c.endocytosis d.pinocytosis

a. exocytosis

Anything that prevents ATP formation will most likely a.result in cell death. b.force the cell to rely on ADP for energy. c.force the cell to rely on lipids for energy. d.have no effect on the cell.

a. result in cell death

Substrates bind to an enzyme's ________ site. inhibitory allosteric active phosphate

active

Cellular respiration is an example of __________. an exergonic process an endergonic process thermodynamics bioenergetics

an exergonic process

Cells store energy that they use for work in the _____. arrangement of atoms within molecules water that is moved inside the cell the thermal energy of molecules oxygen cells take in

arrangement of atoms within molecules

Peroxisomes are organelles that are involved in the _____. View Available Hint(s) breakdown of fatty acids generation of energy production of ribosomes synthesis of lipids

breakdown of fatty acids

The complex of proteins and DNA in a nondividing cell is called a ribosome. a lysosome. chromatin. a nucleolus.

chromatin

During cell reproduction, chromatin fibers coil up into structures called ribosomes. nucleoli. chromosomes. lysosomes.

chromosomes

The nucleoid region of a prokaryotic cell contains the cell's nucleoli. is surrounded by a nucleoid membrane. contains the cell's DNA. separates the RNA from the cytoplasm.

contains the cell's DNA

If placed in tap water, an animal cell will undergo lysis, whereas a plant cell will not. What accounts for this difference? a.the relative impermeability of the plant cell wall to water b.the expulsion of water by the plant cell's central vacuole c.the fact that plant cells are isotonic to tap water d.the relative inelasticity and strength of the plant cell wall

d

The function of the nucleolus is a.to manufacture polypeptides. b.to store chromatin. c.intracellular digestion. d.to manufacture ribosomal RNA.

d.

The movement of atoms, ions, or molecules from a region of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration is called _____. View Available Hint(s) a.active transport b.spontaneous combustion c.crenation d.diffusion

diffusion

Phagocytosis is to eating as pinocytosis is to Phagocytosis is to eating as pinocytosis is to osmosis. chewing. lysis. drinking.

drinking

In the lab, you use a special balloon that is permeable to water but not sucrose to make an "artificial cell." The balloon is filled with a solution of 20% sucrose and 80% water and is immersed in a beaker containing a solution of 40% sucrose and 60% water. The solution in the balloon is ________ relative to the solution in the beaker. hypertonic hydrophilic isotonic hypotonic

hypotonic

The ideal osmotic environment for a plant cell is a...environment

hypotonic

An enzyme _____. An enzyme _____. is a inorganic catalyst increases the the activation energy of a reaction can bind to nearly any molecule is an organic catalyst is a source of energy for endergonic reactions

is an organic catalyst

As a result of its involvement in a reaction, an enzyme _____. As a result of its involvement in a reaction, an enzyme _____. is used up is unchanged loses energy loses a phosphate group permanently alters its shape

is unchanged

A plant cell surronded by a...solution will be flaccid(limp).

isotonic

The ideal osmotic environment for an animal cell is a...environment

isotonic

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic; unlike a typical eukaryotic cell, they _____. View Available Hint(s) have more internal membranous compartments lack a nucleus have a smaller nucleus lack a plasma membrane

lack a nucleus

Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion? Golgi apparatus plasmodesma chloroplast lysosome ribosome

lysosme

Which of the following organelles is found only in animal cells and NOT in most plant cells? View Available Hint(s) mitochondrion chloroplast peroxisome lysosome

lysosome

Mitochondria appear in the greatest numbers in cells that are _____. View Available Hint(s) dead metabolically active undergoing cell division reproducing

metabolically active

Which of the following structures is exclusively associated with prokaryotic cells? ribosomes membrane-bound nucleus nucleoid chromosome

nucleoid

The genetic center of the eukaryotic cell is the __________. View Available Hint(s) nucleus Golgi apparatus nucleolus lysosomes

nucleus

The process of a white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is pinocytosis. phagocytosis. osmosis. receptor-mediated endocytosis.

phagocytosis

The transfer of a phosphate group to a molecule or compound is called The transfer of a phosphate group to a molecule or compound is called phosphorylation. hydrogenation. ionization. carboxylation.

phosphorylation

The function of chloroplasts is intracellular digestion. lipid synthesis. cellular respiration. photosynthesis.

photosynthesis

Chloroplasts are found in __________. View Available Hint(s) animal cells only plant cells and some protists neither plant cells nor animal cells both plant cells and animal cells

plant cells and some protists

Which of the following would distinguish a bacterial cell from an animal cell? View Available Hint(s) production of proteins presence of a plasma membrane replication of DNA presence of a cell wall

presence of a cell wall

Most enzymes are _____. Most enzymes are _____. carbohydrates lipids proteins minerals nucleic acids

proteins

Most of the functions of a cell membrane, including transport and enzymatic function, are performed by cholesterol. glycolipids. phospholipids. proteins.

proteins

Enzymes work by _____. reducing activation energy decreasing the potential energy difference between reactant and product adding energy to a reaction increasing the potential energy difference between reactant and product adding a phosphate group to a reactant

reducing activation energy

What name is given to the reactants in an enzymatically catalyzed reaction? substrate products active sites reactors

substrate

Active transport involves moving solutes against their concentration gradient. Facilitated diffusion moves solutes down their concentration gradient. Active transport requires the use of ATP, whereas facilitated diffusion does not.

true

Mitochondria differ from chloroplasts in that mitochondria A.contain membrane folds called cristae, whereas chloroplasts contain disk-like vesicles in stacks called grana. B.are not found in plants, whereas chloroplasts are not found in animals. C.convert light energy from the sun to chemical energy, whereas chloroplasts convert one form of chemical energy to another. D.contain three different membrane-bound compartments, whereas chloroplasts contain two.

A.

What are the three organelles that plant cells have but animal cells do not? A.chloroplast, central vacuole, lysosome B.chloroplast, cell wall, lysosome C.mitochondrion, cell wall, central vacuole D.chloroplast, central vacuole, cell wall

D.

Sweat, released through ducts to the skin surface, helps to cool the body. The types of cells that produce these compounds have different numbers of specific organelles, depending on their function. The oil from the sebaceous glands is produced by which of the following cell organelles? rough endoplasmic reticulum cell membrane smooth endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes

Smooth ER

Small, nonpolar, hydrophobic molecules such as fatty acids.... a.require transport proteins to pass through a membrane's lipid bilayer. b.easily pass through a membrane's lipid bilayer. c.very slowly diffuse through a membrane's lipid bilayer. d.are actively transported across cell membranes.

b

Facilitated diffusion across a biological membrane requires ________ and moves a substance ________ its concentration gradient. a.energy and transport proteins; against b.transport proteins; down c.energy and transport proteins; down d.transport proteins; against

b.

Light is _____ energy, which is converted into _____ energy by plants. View Available Hint(s) a.chemical ... kinetic b.kinetic ... chemical c.potential ... kinetic d.chemical ... potential

b.

The internal skeleton of a cell is composed of _____. View Available Hint(s) a.cellulose and intermediate filaments b.microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments c.cellulose, microtubules, and centrioles d.microfilaments

b.

Mitochondria are found in _____. View Available Hint(s) animal cells only both plant cells and animal cells animal cells and bacterial cells plant cells only

both plant cells and animal cells

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum a.helps assemble ribosomes for protein synthesis. b.produces proteins for cell membranes. c.stores calcium ions in muscle cells. d.is the major site of carbohydrate synthesis in eukaryotic cells.

c

A cell that has neither a net gain of water nor net loss of water when it is immersed in a solution must be a.hypotonic to its environment. b.hypertonic to its environment. c.isotonic to its environment. d.metabolically inactive.

c.

Plasma membranes are selectively permeable. This means that a.plasma membranes must be very thick. b.glucose cannot enter the cell. c.the plasma membrane allows some substances to enter or leave a cell more easily than others. d.anything can pass into or out of a cell as long as the membrane is intact and the cell is healthy.

c.

When a cell uses chemical energy to perform work, it uses the energy released from a(n) ________ reaction to drive a(n) ________ reaction. a.spontaneous; exergonic b.endergonic; exergonic c.exergonic; endergonic d.exergonic; spontaneous

c.

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of active transport and facilitated diffusion? a.Facilitated diffusion requires the use of ATP; active transport does not require ATP. b.Active transport requires membrane proteins; facilitated diffusion does not require membrane proteins. c.Active transport moves solutes against their concentration gradient; facilitated diffusion moves substances down their concentration gradient. d.In both types of movement, phosphate groups alter the shape of transport proteins.

c.

The function of mitochondria is cellular respiration. photosynthesis. lipid synthesis. intracellular digestion.

cellular respiration

The membranous compartmentalization of a cell a.divides the cell into two equal-sized halves. b.is common to both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. c.requires the presence of a cell wall. d.allows different chemical conditions to be maintained in different parts of the cell.

d.

Unlike animal cells, plant cells have ________ and ________. Unlike plant cells, animal cells have ________. a.chloroplasts; cell walls; a nucleus b.centrioles; cell walls; large central vacuoles c.centrioles; chloroplasts; cell walls d.chloroplasts; cell walls; centrioles

d.

What is the relationship between the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane? View Available Hint(s) a.The membranes of the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane are continuous. b.The plasma membrane stops the products of the Golgi apparatus from leaving the cell. c.The Golgi apparatus begins the formation of the lipids that make up plasma membranes. d.The finished products of the Golgi apparatus may leave the cell through vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.

d.

Which of the following processes is endergonic? a.cellular respiration b.the burning of wood c.the breakdown of glucose d.the synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide and water

d.

Which organelles comprise the endomembrane system of a cell? A.mitochondrion, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus B.endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosome C.plasma membrane, nuclear membrane, endomembrane D.mitochondrion, chloroplast, plasma membrane

endoplasmic reticulum

What type of reaction breaks the bonds that join the phosphate groups in an ATP molecule? entropic dehydration synthesis hydrolysis anabolism dehydration decomposition

hydrolysis

A plant cell placed in a....solution will lose water and plasmolyze.

hypertonic

There is a net diffusion of water out of an animal cell when it is placed in a...solution

hypertonic

An animal cell placed in a....solution will gain water, swell, and possibly burst.

hypotonic

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called __________. View Available Hint(s) osmosis exocytosis dehydration active transport

osmosis

Oxygen crosses a plasma membrane by passive transport. endocytosis. active transport. osmosis.

passive transport

Animal cells are surrounded by a(n) ________________, whereas plant cells are also surrounded by a(n) ________________ . A.nuclear membrane; endomembrane B.endomembrane; cell wall C.plasma membrane; endomembrane D.plasma membrane; cell wall

plasma membrane; cell wall

When placed in a hypotonic environment, where the solute concentration is below that of the cell, a houseplant will _____. go limp and lifeless remain standing upright die go brown at the edges of its leaves

remain standing upright

Sweat, released through ducts to the skin surface, helps to cool the body. The types of cells that produce these compounds have different numbers of specific organelles, depending on their function. Based on their function, you would expect melanocytes in the skin to have a higher than usual number of chloroplasts. ribosomes. lysosomes. microtubules.

ribosomes

To enter or leave any cell, substances must pass through _____. View Available Hint(s) the plasma membrane the Golgi apparatus a ribosome a microtubule the nucleus

the plasma membrane