Bio Chapter 5 - Cell Division
E
During crossing-over A) chromosomes switch poles. B) mitosis becomes meiosis. C) chromatin becomes chromosomes. D) chromosomes become chromatin. E) chromatids exchange segments of genetic material.
C
Hormones that deliver a signal to the plasma membrane of target cells are known as A) cyclins. B) internal and external signals. C) growth factors. D) checkpoints. E) proto-oncogenes.
D
How does cell division differ between animal and plant cells? A) Animal cells lack centrioles and no spindle forms during cell division. B) Plant cells form a cleavage furrow or indentation of membrane between new daughter cells. C) Plant cells use binary fission. D) The cell plate is the final partitioning of plant cells. E) There is no difference. Plant cells and animal cells undergo the same cellular processes during mitosis.
B
If the diploid chromosome number is 16, the chromosome number of each gamete will be A) 4. B) 8. C) 12. D) 16. E) 32.
A
If the total number of chromosomes in a cell is six, then after mitosis there will be A) six chromosomes in each daughter cell. B) three chromosomes in each daughter cell. C) 12 chromosomes in each daughter cell. D) two chromosomesin each daughter cell. E) three chromosomes in one daughter cell and six chromosomes in the other cell.
B
In humans, the diploid number of chromosomes is A) 20. B) 46. C) 23. D) variabledepending on whether male or female. E) 92.
A
In plant cells, what is responsible for organizing the spindle? A) centrosomes B) centrioles C) microtubules D) asters E) centromeres
D
Which of the following is the correct sequence for the cell cycle? A) S-M-G 1 -G 2 B) S-M-G 2 -G 1 C) S-G 1 -G 1 -M D) G 1 -S-G 2 -M E) S-G 1 -M-G 2
E
During interphase A) the cell begins todie. B) the cell rounds upand detaches from its neighbors. C) two nuclei split. D) the cell is at rest. E) hereditary material duplicates itself.
B
During what stage do homologous chromosomes separate from each other? A) prophase B) anaphase I C) anaphase II D) metaphase I E) metaphase II
C
During what stage of meiosis do sister chromatids separate from each other? A) prophase B) anaphase I C) anaphase II D) metaphase I E) metaphase II
B
During what stage of mitosis does the nuclear envelope disappear and the chromosomes become distinct? A) interphase B) prophase C) metaphase D) anaphase E) telophase
D
During which phases of mitosis do the chromosomes look like Xs? A) prophase,anaphase B) anaphase,metaphase C) metaphase,telophase D) prophase,metaphase E) anaphase,telophase
C
During which stage of the cell cycle do the chromosomes duplicate? A) prophase B) anaphase C) interphase D) telophase E) mitosis
D
Upon examination, a cell is found to have twice as much DNA as the normal diploid state but is no longer in the process of replicating the DNA. All of the DNA is found within a single nucleus. Which phase of the cell cycle is this cell in? A) M B) S C) G 1 D) G 2 E) cytokinesis
D
A basic difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis is that in oogenesis A) four functional eggs are produced. B) mitosis insteadof meiosis occurs. C) both sperm and egg are produced. D) one functionalegg is produced. E) the chromosomenumber is not divided in half.
E
All of the following explain why two children born to the same parents (not identical twins) are unlikely to have the same genetic makeup except A) crossing-over recombines portions of sister chromatids. B) fertilization provides a new pairing of chromosomes. C) each sperm or egg has a random assortment of chromosomes, half from each pair. D) chromosomes align themselves independently during meiosis I. E) diet during pregnancy influences the genetic makeup of the offpsring.
C
An organism has 8 pairs of chromosomes in each somatic cell. If the reproductive cells that produce the sperm and eggs did not undergo meiosis, how many pairs of chromosomes would be present in a cell that resulted from the fusion of a sperm and egg? A) 4 pairs B) 8 pairs C) 16 pairs D) 32 pairs E) 64 pairs
C
Following a cut or scrape, which process repairs your skin? A) meiosis B) meiosis andmitosis C) mitosis D) mitosis andapoptosis E) apoptosis
E
Growth factors that are transported through the blood play what role in the cell cycle? A) an internalsignal that tells the cell to stop dividing and repair its DNA B) an internalsignal that functions as an executioner C) an internalsignal to tell the cell which stage of the cell cycle to enter next D) an external signalto tell the cell how long it should spend in each phase of the cell cycle E) an externalsignal to tell the cell whether or not to divide
C
If a cell stops at the G 1 checkpoint, this is most likely due to what problem? A) The DNA has notfinished replicating. B) The chromosomes are not aligned properly. C) There is DNA damage. D) The cell is cancerous. E) There is no problem. The cell normally stops at the G 1 checkpoint.
B
If a crayfish has 200 total chromosomes in its body cells (not ovaries or testes) A) any 100 could have been from its father and any 100 from its mother. B) they would consist of 100 pairs with one of each pair from the father, one of each pair from the mother. C) as many as none to 200 came from the father and conversely, from 200 to none would have come from the mother. D) 50 pairs or 100 total would come from the father and 50 pairs from the mother. E) all 200 come from the mother in a female crayfish, all 200 from the father in a male crayfish.
D
If their sperm contain 32 chromosomes, how many chromosomes do diploid cells in horses contain? A) 46 B) 23 C) 32 D) 64 E) 128
C
In which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes line up in the center of the cell? A) interphase B) prophase C) metaphase D) anaphase E) telophase
B
Meiosis results in a change in chromosome number indicated by A) 2n to 2n. B) 2n to n. C) n to 2n. D) n to n. E) 2n to 2n in diploid organisms, n to n in haploid.
D
Oogenesis A) occurs in the ovary. B) produces eggs with 23 chromosomes. C) produces four equal-size eggs. D) occurs in the ovary and produces eggs with 23 chromosomes. E) occurs in the ovary, produces four equal-sized eggs with 23 chromosomes each.
A
Proteins that promote the cell cycle and prevent apoptosis are encoded by A) proto-oncogenes. B) caspasegenes. C) DNA repairgenes. D) tumor suppressorgenes. E) cyclin genes.
D
Synapsis occurs during what stage of meiosis? A) anaphase I B) telophase II C) metaphase II D) prophase I E) anaphase II
A
The cell cycle consists of A) mitosis and interphase. B) meiosis and interphase. C) prophase and interphase. D) metaphase and interphase. E) changes from a haploid to a diploid state.
D
The centromeres divide during which stage of mitosis? A) prophase B) prometaphase C) metaphase D) anapase E) telophase
C
The formation of sperm is termed A) oogenesis. B) homologous formation. C) spermatogenesis. D) gametogenesis E) mitosis.
B
The mitotic stage of cell division consists of A) DNA synthesis and DNA degradation. B) mitosis and cytokinesis. C) duplication and division. D) cell growth and cell death. E) meiosis and mitosis.
E
The nuclear membrane reappears in mitosis during A) interphase. B) prophase. C) metaphase. D) anaphase. E) telophase.
A
The process of mitosis includes A) nuclear division only. B) nuclear division and cytoplasmic division. C) cytoplasmic division only. D) nuclear division, cytoplasmic division and interphase. E) interphase only.
A
The region that holds sister chromatids together is called the A) centromere. B) centrosome. C) centriole. D) kinetochores. E) spindle fibers.
A
The second meiotic division is essentially a mitotic division except for the fact that the cells produced are A) haploid. B) diploid. C) polyploid. D) autosomal. E) somatic.
B
What forms the contractile ring in animal cells? A) membrane vesicles B) actinfilaments C) cellulose fibrils D) cell wall E) histones
A
What is responsible for the variation that occurs between the offspring of one set of parents? A) Crossing-over during prophase I and Independent assortment during anaphase I. B) Crossing-over during propase II only. C) Independent assortment during anaphase II only. D) The inheritance of a random number of chromosomes during meiosis. E) Genetic mutations that occur during meiosis.
A
What is the difference between the chromosomes in a secondary spermatocyte and those in a spermatid? A) The chromosomes in secondary spermatocytes consist of two chromatids; the ones in the spermatid consist of only one chromatid. B) The chromosomes in a secondary spermatocyte consist of homologous chromosomes; the ones in the spermatid consist of two chromatids. C) The chromosomes in the secondary spermatocyte consist of one chromatid; the ones in the spermatid consist of two chromatids. D) The secondary spermatocyte is diploid; the spermatid is haploid. E) The secondary spermatocyte is haploid; the spermatid is diploid.
D
What lines up at the metaphase plate during both metaphase I of meiosis and metaphase of mitosis? A) Metaphase 1 of meiosis: single chromosomes composed of two sister chromatidsMetaphase of mitosis: single chromosomes composed of two sister chromatids B) Metaphase 1 of meiosis: homologous chromosomes Metaphase of mitosis: homologous chromosomes C) Metaphase 1 of meiosis: single chromosomes composed of two sister chromatidsMetaphase of mitosis: single chromosomes composed of one sister chromatid D) Metaphase 1 of meiosis: homologous chromosomesMetaphase of mitosis: chromosomes composed of two sister chromatids E) Metaphase 1 of meiosis: single chromosomes composed of two sister chromatidsMetaphase of mitosis: homologous chromosomes
A
What lines up during metaphase II of meiosis and metaphase of mitosis? A) Metaphase II of meiosis: individual chromosomes each composed of two sister chromatidsMetaphase of mitosis: individual chromosomes each composed of two sister chromatids B) Metaphase II of meiosis: homologous chromosomesMetaphase of mitosis: homologous chromosomes C) Metaphase II of meiosis: individual chromosomes composed of two sister chromatids Metaphase of mitosis: individual chromosomes each composed of one sister chromatid D) Metaphase II of meiosis: individual chromosomes composed of two sister chromatids Metaphase of mitosis: homologous chromosomes E) Metaphase II of meiosis: individual chromosomes composed of one sister chromatidMetaphase of mitosis: individual chromosomes composed of one chromatid
B
Which of the following are genetically identical? A) both members of apair of chromosomes B) sisterchromatids C) the mother's and the father's chromosomes D) the mother's and her child's chromosomes E) the father's andhis child's chromosomes
C
Which of the following best describes the role of histones? A) Histones play arole in coding for hereditary features. B) Histones make RNAsynthesis possible. C) Histones are responsible for packaging the DNA so it can fit into a small space. D) Histones are notthought to play any role in the cell. E) Histonesdetermine the diploid number of chromosomes.
A
Which of the following events would be controlled by an external signal? A) cell division B) prophase proceeding into metaphase C) the chromosomes aligning at the equatorial plane before the cell begins anaphase D) initiating S phase E) All of the answer choices are controlled by an external signal.
E
Which of the following is a correct association? A) S stage-cell growth B) M stage-DNA replication C) interphase-shortest stage of the cell cycle D) G 1 stage-cytokinesis E) G 2 stage-the cell synthesizes the proteins needed for cell division
D
Which of the following is a correct association? A) cytokinesis-division of the chromosomes B) centromere-forms spindle fibers during prophase C) haploid-having two copies of each chromosome D) sister chromatids-two identical chromosome strands still attached at the centromere E) mitosis-when a cell duplicates and then divides twice to reduce chromosome number by half
C
Which of the following is a correct statement regarding oogenesis? A) Oogenesis begins during puberty in females. B) The secondary oocyte is also known as a polar body. C) If a secondary oocyte is fertilized by a sperm, it will complete meiosis II. D) If the secondary oocyte is not fertilized by the sperm, it is returned to the ovaries until the next menstrual cycle. E) After the first meiotic division, the secondary oocyte is still diploid.
E
Which of the following is a false statement regarding eukaryotic chromosomes? A) Eukaryotic chromosomes are made of chromatin and proteins. B) Each species has a characteristic number of chromosomes. C) Cells with two copies of every chromosome are referred to as diploid. D) During most of the cell cycle chromosomes are packed in the nucleus. E) At the time of cell division, the chromatin is dispersed or extended.
D
Which of the following is a false statement regarding homologous chromosomes? A) Homologous chromosomes are also known as homologs. B) Homologous chromosomes are the same size. C) One homologous chromosome is paternally inherited and the other is maternally inherited. D) Homologous chromosome pairs split during meiosis II. E) Homologous chromosomes will synapse during Prophase I.
A
Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding apoptosis? A) Apoptosis is also known as programmed cell death. B) Apoptosis functions to increase the number of cells in an organism. C) Apoptosis only functions during development. D) Apoptosis occurs in plants but not animals. E) Apoptosis causes cancer.
B
Which of the following is the first step in the sequence of events that happen during apoptosis? A) cell rounds up B) enzymes are released C) cell loses contact with neighbor D) plasma membrane blisters E) nucleus fragments
B
Which of the following is true of the chromosomes in a cell undergoing mitosis? A) They are loosely compacted. B) They are unavailable for RNA synthesis. C) They no longer have histones bound to them. D) They stay within the confines of the cell nucleus. E) They are present in the haploid number.
D
Which of the following processes occurs in both mitosis and meiosis? A) homologous chromosomes pair up B) two series of cell divisions C) sister chromosomes separating during the second division D) single chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate E) fertilization restores the diploid number
A
Which of the following proteins would you expect to be a coded for by a proto- oncogene? A) a growth factor receptor B) a DNA repair protein C) a protein involved with the G 1 checkpoint D) an enzyme involved with apoptosis E) a DNA replication protein
A
Which of the following statement accurately compares mitosis and meiosis? A) Mitotic division is the normal process of cell reproduction to build and maintain the body of an organism, while meiosis takes place only in the formation of gametes for reproduction. B) Mitotic division only occurs in diploid cells and meiotic division only occurs in haploid cells. C) Mitotic division requires two sets of division while meiotic division only requires one. D) Mitotic division forms unique gametes while meiotic division forms identical gametes. E) Mitotic division includes telophase while meiotic division does not.
D
Which sequence of stages in mitosis is correct? A) prophase, metaphase, interphase, telophase, prometaphase B) metaphase, anaphase, prophase, prometaphase, telophase C) anaphase, prometaphase, interphase, telophase, prophase D) prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase E) prometaphase, interphase, metaphase, prophase, anaphase
C
Which type of genes, when abnormally activated, can result in cancer? A) tumor suppressorgenes B) apoptosis initiator genes C) proto-oncogenes D) DNA repair protein genes E) apoptosis executioner genes
C
Without considering the variation provided by crossing-over, how much will two siblings from one set of parents vary from each other? A) All siblings fromthe same parents are identical to each other and demonstrate traits that areexactly halfway between their parents' traits. B) Siblings receive100% of one parent's genes or the other parent's genes so they willeither be identical if they receive the same parent's genes, or nothing alikeif they receive different parent's genes. C) Siblings inheritessentially 50% of their genes from each parent, but two sibling offspring mayshare with each other from zero to 23 chromosomes in common from each parentand therefore vary widely from each other. D) Siblings inherit copies of the same 23 pairs of chromosomes from each parent and only crossing-over provides any differences between siblings. E) There is one chance in 23 of getting identical sets of chromosomes from one parent, times two because there are two parents; therefore, two siblings out of 46 will be identical except for the extent of crossing-over.
A
You are examining a cell under the microscope and see what appear to be four sister chromatids bound together and remnants of the nuclear envelope. What stage of meiosis are you looking at? A) prophase I B) prophase II C) metaphase I D) metaphase II E) telophase I
D
You are examining a cell under the microscope that is undergoing cell division and cannot find any asters. What else would be absent in this cell? A) a cell plate B) centrosomes C) a spindle D) a cleavagefurrow E) chromosomes
D
You are looking at a cell under the microscope, and see what appears to be several "X" structures being pulled to each side of the cell. What stage of meiosis are you looking at? A) prophase I B) prophase II C) metaphase I D) anaphase I E) anaphase II
C
You are looking at a single chromosome in a human being. Assuming there is no crossing over, what is the source of all the genes on this chromosome? A) mother B) father C) either the motheror father D) a combination ofboth mother and father E) It is impossible to tell given this information.
