Bio DNA quiz 1

nucleotides are inserted along both sides (unzips)

2nd Step in the separation of the two DNA strands

Chargaff's rule

A = T and C = G is known as?

Purine

Adenine and Guanine

10 billion

After proofreading, there is a final error rate of only 1 in ____ base pairs.

100,000

As new nucleotides are added, there is an error rate of about 1 in _____ base pairs

Hydrogen bonds

Between nucleotide bases

Purines

Double ring structures (A & G)

Seperate

During replication, the two nucleotide chains _____

original new

Each DNA molecule has one _____ strand and one _____ strand

Template

Each separated chain will serve as a ____ for the production of a new DNA chain.

Complimentary

Each strand of the DNA molecules can be used to make another strand during replication. This is because the two sides are ____ to each other.

Hydrogen bonds are broken between the bases

First step in the separation of the two DNA strands?

nucleases

Several enzymes are involved in repairing damaged DNA. Enzymes called _____ cut out damaged sections of DNA.

Pyrimidines

Single ring structures (T & C)

True

T/F: At the end of replication, each DNA molecule has one original strand and one new strand.

True

T/F: DNA replication occurs simultaneously at many sites along the molecul, speeding up the process of repliation.

False

T/F: Damage to DNA can never be repaired

False

T/F: Mutations always cause serious and harmful effects in the organisms in which they occur.

True

T/F: Mutations can sometimes be an advantage by making the organism slightly better suited for its environment

True

T/F: Replication results in two copies of the DNA molecule

False (they're identical)

T/F: The primary purpose of replication is to produce new DNA strands that are very different from the old strands

True

T/F: The process of DNA replication produces an identical copy of the original DNA strand.

False

T/F: The replication of DNA begins at one end of the molecule and procees to the other end.

deoxyribose

The 5-carbon sugar that is in a nucleotide is called?

polymerases

The enzyme ____ fills the resulting gaps with new nucleotides.

Polymerases nucleotide

The enzyme, ______ proofreads the new strand and looks for errors, If a mistake is found, this same enzyme removes the erroneous ______ and replaces it with another.

Hydrogen Nitrogen bases Helicases

The first step in replication is to break the ____ bonds between the ______ bases. This is accomplished by the enzyme _____

DNA polymerase

The main enzyme of replication whose function is to link together individual nucleotides along a template strand is called:

Hydrogen bonds

The paired bases meet across the helix and are joined together by...

2 complimentary hydrogen bonding

The parent molecule has ____ strands of DNA. Each base is paired to its specific partner by ______

Nucleus

The part or the cell where replication occurs

Replication fork

The sites where new nucleotides are added

Pyrimidine

Thymine and Cytosine

Covalent

Type of bond that connects on e nucleotide to the next nucleotide

Add nucleotides to the existing chain Proofreads each DNA strand to insure an exact copy has been made Fills gaps when fixing

What are the functions of DNA polymerase during replication?

Deoxyribonucleic acid

What does DNA stand for?

Half nucleic acid and half protein

What is a chromosome made of?

Where hydrogen bonds are formed A-T, G-C

What is meant by the "base-pairing" rules?

It speeds up the copying of very long DNA molecules

What is the advantage to the multiple sites of replication along the DNA molecule?

To carry information and be a storage area for protein building instruction so of the cell

What is the primary function of DNA

Exposure to chemicals, radioactivity, x-rays, excessive exposure to ultraviolet light

What might cause accidental damage or changes in existing DNA?

They are identical copies

When a DNA molecule is replicated, what is the relationship between the original strand and the newly formed strands of DNA?

Identical cell division

When replication is complete, two ____ copies of the DNA molecule have been produced and the cell is ready to begin ________.

Origins of replication

When replication occurs, it takes place at multiple sites along the molecule called _______

For mitosis and for the organism to grow and reproduce. To know exactly what to do and have even so they can divide

Why is it so important that the DNA molecule be able to make copies of itself?

Ligases

_____ then seal the free ends, making the strand complete.

Mutation

a change in the base sequence of DNA is called a ________

nucleases

enzyme that cuts out damaged segment of DNA?

DNA polymerases

enzyme that fills the gap of removed damaged DNA with new nucleotides?

ligases

enzyme that seals the free ends of the new DNA to the old DNA, making the damaged strand healthy and complete?

nucleosome

the DNA and histone molecules form a bead-like structure called a...

Sugar and phosphate groups

the backbone of a DNA chain is formed by alternating....

Replication

the process of forming an exact copy of the DNA molecules

Hydrogen

type of bond that holds the nitrogen bases to one another across the middle of the helix

helicases

what enzyme "unzips" the DNA molecule forming 2 replication forks?

covalent bond

where arrow is pointing