Bio Exam #1

In this tree, which pair of species are most closely related? A. Bonobos and chimpanzees B. Gorillas and chimpanzees C. Orangutans and squirrel monkeys D. Humans and squirrel monkeys

A. Bonobos and chimpanzees

What is degeneracy? A. Different mRNA codons can result in the same AA B. One tRNA can carry many different AAs C. The same tRNA can match multiple different mRNA codons D. mRNA codons are degrading with regard to tRNA specificity

A. Different mRNA codons can result in the same AA

What is the role if ligase in DNA replication? A. It creates phosphodiester bonds to join Okazaki fragments B. It creates the RNA primer C. It replaces the RNA primer with DNA D. It unwinds double stranded DNA E. It provides moral support to other enzymes

A. It creates phosphodiester bonds to join Okazaki fragments

Why is water so versatile? A. It is polar B. It is non-polar C. It is composed of three atoms D. It is a very large molecule E. It knows all the words to Bohemian Rhapsody

A. It is polar

In which direction is the strand in green synthesized? *bottom 5' left A. Left ← B. Right →

A. Left ←

In which direction is the strand in green synthesized? *strand on left 5' end* A. Left ← B. Right →

A. Left ←

How did Avery know RNA was not the transforming factor? A. RNase treated extract could transform non-virulent cells into virulent cells B. DNase treated extract could not transform non-virulent cells into virulent cells C. RNase treated extract could transform virulent cells into non-virulent cells

A. RNase treated extract could transform non-virulent cells into virulent cells

Why is carbon so versatile? A. It makes molecules polar B. It can potentially form several bonds with multiple other atoms C. It is found in water D. It is a very large atom

B. It can potentially form several bonds with multiple other atoms

How did Avery know protein was not the transforming factor? A. RNase treated extract could transform non-virulent cells into virulent cells B. Protease treated extract could transform non-virulent cells into virulent cells C. Protease treated extract could not transform non-virulent cells into virulent cells

B. Protease treated extract could transform non-virulent cells into virulent cells

In which direction was the strand in green synthesized? *strand on right 3'* A. Left ← B. Right →

B. Right →

Which of the promoter and terminator sequences are transcribed? A. Promoter B. Terminator C. Neither D. Both

B. Terminator

If the top strand of this DNA is the template strand, which rNTP will be the last added to the RNA transcribed from this template? 5'-TAAACAATGGTCGACATTG-3' 3'-ATTTGTTACCAGCTGTAAC-5' A. A B. C C. G D. T E. U

A. A

Which of the following is a valid scientific hypothesis? A. We should all be more concerned about climate change B. Bar-headed geese can fly at higher altitudes thanCanada geese C. 82 = 64 D. Children are protected by guardian angels

B. Bar-headed geese can fly at higher altitudes thanCanada geese

DNA is synthesized starting from the RNA primer by _____, then the primer is replaced with DNA by _____. A. DNA polymerase I; DNA polymerase III B. DNA polymerase III; DNA polymerase I C. DNA polymerase III; DNA polymerase IV D. DNA polymerase I; ligase E. Primase; DNA polymerase I

B. DNA polymerase III; DNA polymerase I

In our experiment on the effect of vitamin C on cold prevention, the number of people in the control and experimental groups who get sick is a/an: A. Independent variable B. Dependent variable C. Control variable D. Observational variable

B. Dependent variable

Which of the following base pair connections is stronger? A. Adenine-Thymine B. Guanine-Cytosine

B. Guanine-Cytosine

The enzyme ____ relieves super coiling tension that builds up as DNA unwinds. A. Helicase B. Gyrase C. DNA polymerase II D. Single strand binding protein E. Coilase

B. Gyrase

The lagging strand is the daughter strand that has its ____ end pointed toward the replication fork and is therefore synthesized ____. A. 3ʹ; in a series of segments B. 3ʹ; continuously C. 5ʹ; in a series of segments D. 5ʹ; continuously E. None of the otheranswers is correct

C. 5ʹ; in a series of segments

Based on this phylogenetic tree, what is a trait shared by gorillas and bonobos but not orangutans? A. No tail B. Broad incisors C. Elongated skull D. More erect posture

C. Elongated skull

The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology describes the flow of ______ in a cell. A. Energy B. Nutrients C. Information D. Electricity

C. Information

Which of the following is/are transcribed? A. 5' cap B. 3' poly(A) tail C. Introns D. All of the above E. None of the above

C. Introns

Which of the following is NOT a desirable quality in a control group of an experiment? A. It should be as similar as possible to the experimental group B. It should help the researcher focus on a specific variable of interest C. It should allow the testing of multiple alternate hypotheses D. It should not receive the experimental treatment

C. It should allow the testing of multiple alternate hypotheses

If protein was the genetic material, what would happen if you treated the dead bacteria with protease before mixing with the live bacteria? A. Transformation of nonvirulent bacteria to virulent would still happen B. Virulent bacteria would be transformed to nonvirulent C. No transformation would occur

C. No transformation would occur

The enzyme responsible for adding repetitive sequences to the ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes is: A. Replicase B. DNA polymerase II C. Telomerase D. Gyrase E. Linease

C. Telomerase

Which of the following components of transcription is found only in eukaryotes? A. Promoter B. Transcription factor C. Transcriptional activator protein D. Terminator sequence E. RNA polymerase

C. Transcriptional activator protein

In a nucleotide, the phosphate group is attached to the ___ carbon and the base is attached to the ___ carbon. A. 3'; 5' B. 1'; 3' C. 3'; 1' D. 5'; 1' E. 5'; 3'

D. 5'; 1'

The growing protein chain might be attached to a tRNA in which site(s): A. A site B. P site C. E site D. A or P site E. P or E site F. All 64

D. A or P site

Which of the following is NOT requiredfor evolution by natural selection? A. Variation B. Heritability (offspring resemble parents) C. Differential survival or reproduction D. All of the other answers are required

D. All of the other answers are required

Which of the following is one of the"Big Six" elements most common in living organisms? A. Sodium B. Iodine C. Zinc D. Nickel E. Phosphorus

E. Phosphorus

The process of DNA replication is: A. Conservative B. Dispersive C. Liberal D. Disruptive E. Semi-Conservative

E. Semi-Conservative

If the bottom strand of this DNA is the template strand, which rNTP will be the last added to the RNA transcribed from this template? 5'-CAAACAATGGTCGACATTT-3' 3'-GTTTGTTACCAGCTGTAAA-5' A. A B. C C. G D. T E. U

E. U

Which of the following is NOT a base found in DNA? A. Adenine B. Cytosine C. Guanine D. Thymine E. Uracil

E. Uracil