Bio Exam 3

A hormone produced in the kidney that is produced in response to low oxygen levels to stimulate the production of red blood cells is called A) erythropoietin B) hemoglobin C) progesterone D) Rh factor

A

A nick in a blood vessel results in which of the following processes? A) platelets release chemicals that begin a clotting cascade. B) Platelets aggregate at the site of the nick. C) Fibrin, platelets, and RBCs form a clot D) Chemical cause fibrin to precipitate from the blood plasma E) all of the above

A

All veins carry ______. A) blood toward the heart B) interstitial fluid C) blood away from the heart D) oxygen-rich blood E) oxygen-poor blood

A

I was sitting on the sofa at my home, completely relaxed. At this point my ________ nervous system was n control. I glanced at the wall and saw a very large insect moving very very fast toward me. I jumped up and ran to grab a shoe to squash the bug. At this point, my _____ nervous system was activated. A) parasympathetic; sympathetic B) stem; yellow marrow; spongy C) stem; red marrow; compact bone D) central; peripheral

A

In mammals, blood returning from the head will pass through the ______ just before entering the right atrium. A) superior vena cava B) inferior vena cava C) left atrium D) aorta E) right ventricle

A

Neurons communicate with other neurons using chemical messengers called A) neurotransmitters B) drugs C) phospholipids D) synapses

A

Red blood cells differ from other formed elements in the A) they have no nuclei B) they are small parts of cells C) they are filled with hemoglobin D) they are derived from stem cells

A

The liquid portion of the blood that consists of about 55% of the total volume of blood is referred to as ________. A) plasma B) platelets C) leukocytes D) stem cells

A

The minimum change in a neuron's membrane voltage that must occur to trigger an action potential is the _____. A) threshold potential B) minimum voltage C) triggering charge D) voltage potential E) triggering voltage

A

The part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body is called a(n) ________. A) axon B) neurolemma C) Schwann cell D) dendrite

A

The sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle cells stores ions that are necessary for skeletal muscle contractions. Which of the following ions does it store? A) calcium B) magnesium C) sodium D) iron

A

The two main anatomic divisions of the human nervous system are the ______ and ________. A) central nervous system and peripheral nervous system B) Somatic and autonomic systems C) sympathetic and parasympathetic systems D) none of the above

A

This "space" represents the site of regulation for nervous transmission. Forming where two neurons come together, it is often flooded with neurotransmitters. Name this space. A) synaptic gap B) neural space C) dendritic end D) synaptic knob

A

What makes up the axial skeleton? A) the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage B) arms, legs, hands, and feet C) shoulder and pelvic girdles D) the skull, vertebral column, and pelvis

A

When an ECG is preformed on an individual _______ is/are being recorded. A) electrical signals through the heart B) brain waves C) blood pressure D) bloos flow to the heart

A

Which of the following functions in the attachment of muscle to bone? A) tendons B) ligaments C) synergistic D) tetanus

A

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events for muscle contractions? A) motor neuron action potential, neurotransmitter release, muscle cell action potential, release of calcium ions, ATP-driven power stroke, sliding of myofilaments B) muscle cell action potential, neurotransmitter release, ATP-driven power stroke, calcium ion release, sliding of myofilaments C) neurotransmitter release, motor neuron action potential, muscle cell action potential, release of calcium ions, ATP-driven power stroke D) neurotransmitter release, muscle cell action potential, motor neuron action potential, release of calcium ions , sliding of myofilaments, ATP-driven power stroke

A

Which of the following result of the overall shortening of the sarcomere during muscle contraction? A) Myosin attaching to actin and pulling the actin past the myosin B) The actin filament becomes shorter during contraction. C) The myosin filament becomes shorter during contraction. D) Myosin using ATP to release from actin.

A

Which of these is the most correct sequence of signals? A) SA node > AV node > AV bundle (Bundle of His) > Purkinje fibers > walls of the ventricle B) SA node > Purkinje fibers > AV node > AV bundle (Bundle of His) > walls of the ventricle C) SA node > AV bundle (Bundle of His) > AV node > ST segment D) SA node > AV bundle (Bundle of His) > AV node > ST segment > Purkinje fibers

A

Which of these is the portion of the heartbeat that involves contraction of the heart? A) systole B) cardiac cycle C) pacemaker D) diastole

A

Why would someone need to have an artificial pacemaker installed in his or her heart tissue? A) The SA node is not functioning properly to generate action potential at the proper intervals. B) The heart valves are not directing blood flow through the chambers properly. C) The AV node is not sending signals to the ventricles. D) The Purkinje fibers are not distributing the signal properly.

A

_______ function to attach bone to bone; whereas, _____ attach muscle to bone. A) ligaments; tendons B) tendons; ligaments C) ligaments; cartiledge D) cartiledge; tendons

A

_________ are vessels responsible for transport of materials from circulation to body tissues. A) capillaries B) veins C) venules D) arterioles

A

which of the following structures acts as the internal "pacemaker" of the heart? A) sinoatrial node b) purkinje fibers C) atrioventricular node D) bundle of his E) bundle branches

A

As she aged, my grandmother had a stooped appearance, lost significant height, and was at risk of bone fracture. These outward signs were caused by overactive ________, which broke down the calcium in bones, leading to osteoporosis. A) osteoblasts B) osteoclasts C) osteons D) red marrow

B

Assume you are typing blood in a clinical situation. When adding blood to anti-sera (antibodies) you notice clumping with anti-A and anti-Rh. What type of blood is this? A) B- B) A+ C) O+ D) A

B

Bones are the production site of blood cells. Blood is produced in _____________ which is found in _________ bones. A) red marrow; long B) red marrow; flat C) red marrow; compact D) yellow marrow; flat

B

Emergency services arrive to treat Raphael, they are impressed with he tourniquet you have applied and begin to assess Raphael's vital signs. They check his blood pressure and find it is 80/60 indicating he has lost a significant amount of blood volume. The top number in his blood pressure reading is referred to as the ______ pressure and the bottom number is the ______ pressure. A) Diastolic; systolic B) it will speed up dramatically. C) It will slow down dramatically D) There will be no effect

B

Gee's arm was cut during an industrial accident. The blood was pouring from the wound in spurts. Which type of vessel was severed? A) vein B) artery C) capillary D) lymphatic vessel;

B

Heart block is a condition in which the SA node is properly functioning but the atria and ventricles are contracting out of synch. Which of the following statements explains why this happens? A) The SA node is working extra hard to make the ventricles catch up. B) The AV node is not sending signals to the ventricles as it should. C) The heart valves are allowing blood to flow backward through the heart. D) The coronary arteries are not delivering blood to the heart.

B

If your blood pressure were 120/70, it would mean that ______. A) your blood pressure during systole is 120 and your heart rate is 70 B) your blood pressure during systole is 120 and your blood pressure during diastole is 70 C) you have high blood pressure D) your blood pressure during diastole is 120 and your blood pressure during systole is 70 E) when your ventricles relax, the pressure against your arterial walls is 120 and when your ventricles contract, the pressure against your arterial walls is 70

B

In what way does the interior surface of a cell membrane of a resting (nonconducting) neuron differ from the external environment? The interior is ________. A) the same as the exterior B) negatively charged C) positively charged

B

Information flows in a single direction along a neuron. Which of the following represent the correct order an action potential would travel? A) axon, nerve cell body, dendrite B) dendrite, nerve cell body, axon C) nerve cell body, dendrite, axon D) dendrite, axon, nerve cell body

B

Nutrient and gas exchange between the bloodstream and tissues occurs across the.. A) arteries B) capillaries C) arterioles D) veins E) venules

B

The QRS complex on an electrocardiogram represents... A) Diastole B) depolarization of the ventricles C) contraction of the atria D) contraction of the heart E) depolarization of the ventricles

B

The bones that make up the digits of the hands or feet are known as the ________. A) metatarsals B) phalanges C) carpals D) tarsals

B

The majority of human blood is A) red blood cells B) plasma C) solutes D) formed elements

B

What structures regulate blood flow into capillary beds? A) venous valves B) precapillary sphincters C) postcapillary sphincters D) Peyer's patches

B

Which blood vessels function to return blood to the heart? A) Arteries B) Veins C) Arterioles D) Venules

B

Which of the following is (are) found in many veins and venules that help direct blood flow in one direction only: toward the heart? A) lymph nodes B) valves C) myocardium D) pericardium

B

Which of these carry(ies) oxygen-poor blood? A) left atrium B) pulmonary veins C) Pulmonary arteries D) aorta E) left ventricle

B

A disease is characterized by an abnormally high number of red blood cells. This disease makes the blood thick and hard to pump, and it tends to clog up the vascular system. Athletes sometimes try to mimic this by an illegal practice in an attempt to boost oxygen delivery. This practice is called ________. A) bloodletting B) bone marrow transplant C) blood doping D) leukemia

C

A nerve impulse does not vary in intensity with regard to the strength of the stimulus. This is known as what principle? A) refractory period B) graded response C) all-or-nothing principle D) resting membrane potential

C

An Rh-negative mother will need a special treatment if she gives birth to an Rh-positive baby. The treatment involves the destruction of any stray blood cells from the baby that pass into the mother's bloodstream. Why is this necessary? A) Without this treatment, antibodies will be formed in breast milk, which could harm the baby. B) Without this treatment, the mother's immune system will attack only her own blood cells. C) The mother's immune system will attack the Rh-positive cells and produce antibodies that will attack a fetus in a subsequent pregnancy. D) The mother's immune system will attack her own blood cells and the cells in the fetus of a subsequent pregnancy.

C

Axons carry nerve impulses... A) across a synapse B) to the brain C) away from the nerve cell body D) toward the nerve cell body D) non of the above

C

Blood doping, practiced by many athletes involved in the Tour de France as well as other sports, involves the illegal use of drugs to A) elevate the rate of hemostasis B) increase the amount of oxygen carried in blood C) decrease the amount of carbon dioxide in blood. D) increase red bone marrow production E) increase circulation

C

I was sitting on the sofa at my home, completely relaxed. At this point my _____________ nervous system was in control. I glanced at the wall and saw a very large insect moving very very fast toward me. I jumped up and ran to grab a shoe to squash the bug. At this point, my ______________nervous system was activated. A) autonomic; somatic B) central, peripheral C) parasympathetic; sympathetic D) sympathetic; parasympathetic

C

If you lay your forearm along the table, you can rotate it so that your hand changes from a palm-down to a palm-up position. This is possible because your radius and ulna join at a ______ joint. A) suture B) hinge C) pivot D) ball-and-socket E) twist

C

Infants require many nutrients early in life, including lipids such as fats. A low-fat diet for infants is not recommended because, among other things, it can impact the development of the nervous system. Why does the developing nervous system need lipids? A) Fats are needed for energy because infants are often on a low-carbohydrate diet. B) Fats are required to generate action potentials on nerve cells. C) Schwann cells need lipids to produce the myelin sheath. D) Lipids are needed to produce the polypeptide neurotransmitters used by neurons.

C

Methamphetamine increases the release of dopamine into the synaptic gap. This means Methamphetamine acts as an ______________. A) anti anxiety drug B) Anxiety Drug C) Agonist D) Antagonist

C

Raphael is in an extensive motorcycle accident. The first person on the scene notes that he is losing blood rapidly from his upper thigh. The blood appears to spurt and subside, spurt and subside rapidly. You person knows which of the following? A) Raphael has a compound fracture of his femur B) Raphael has cut a vein in his leg C) Raphael has cut an artery in his leg D) Raphael has elevated blood pressure

C

Results of an ABO blood typing indicate agglutination (clumping/clothing) reactions when anti-A and anti-B are added to the blood sample. The blood type of the individual would therefore be A) A B) B C) O D) AB E) not enough information given to determine blood type

C

Sensory information is collected by the _____ of a _______ neuron. A) dendrites... motor B) axons.......sensory C) nerves.....brain D) axons...... motor E) dendrites.....sensory

C

The highest pressure in the arteries during each heartbeat is known as the A) blood pressure B) cardiac circuit C) systolic pressure D) diastolic pressure

C

The liquid portion of the blood that consists of about 55% of the total volume of blood is referred to as A) Platelets B) Distilled water C) Plasma D) Stem Cells

C

The senatorial node (SA node) A) is located in the left artium B) typically causes problems with the rhythm of the heartbeat. C) regulates the rate of heart contraction D) is also known as the atrioventricular node. E) sends out a signal for contraction once every 2 minutes.

C

To hold a plank so that your hips do not drop, you need to maintain sustained controlled contraction of your core muscles. A sustained controlled contraction is referred to as ______ A) tetanus B) summation C) motor units D) a cramp

C

What is the role of tropomyosin in skeletal muscles? A) Tropomyosin is the receptor for the motor neuron neurotransmitter. B) Tropomyosin is the chemical that activates the myosin heads. C) Tropomyosin serves as a contraction inhibitor by blocking the myosin binding sites on the actin molecules. D) Tropomyosin serves as a contraction inhibitor by blocking the actin binding sites on the myosin molecules.

C

When a muscle is stimulated again and again before the muscle can fully relax, this can cause: A) muscle failure. B) tendonitis. C) tetanus. D) muscle twitch.

C

Which of the following cells form new bone in bone tissue? A) fibroblasts B) osteocytes C) osteoblasts D) osteons

C

Which of the following results from aerobic training? A) decrease in myoglobin levels in muscle cells B) decrease in the number of mitochondria i muscle cells C) increase in the amount of oxygen taken in by the body D) decrease in the number of blood vessels supplying muscles E) increase in fat accumulation

C

Which of these cell types can be described as muscle cells that contract rapidly, are rich in glycogen deposits, depend on anaerobic respiration to produce ATP, and fatigue easily? A) slow-twitch cells, Type I fibers B) hemoglobin C) fast-twitch cells, Type II fibers D) myoglobin

C

Which protein transports oxygen in the bloodstream? A) erythropoietin B) thrombin C) hemoglobin D) plasminogen

C

A person with Type A blood would have surface proteins of ______ on their red blood cells and would produce _______ in their plasma. A) type b, type a antibodies B) type a, no antibodies C) type a, type a antibodies D) type a, type b antibodies

D

An action potential refers to A) how a neuron responds to receiving a stimulus B) the depolarization followed by the depolarization of a neuron C) a change in charges across the neurons membrane D) all of the above

D

As you prepare to head off to class, you reach up to grab a pencil, but poke the tip of your finger. Quickly, and without thinking, you pull your hand back. Which of the following is the correct sequence of neuron action involved in this reflexive response? A) sensory neuron, motor neuron, interneuron B) motor neuron, interneuron, sensory neuron C) interneuron, sensory neuron, motor neuron D) sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron E) motor neuron, sensory neuron, interneuron

D

Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the ________. A) right ventricle B) left ventricle C) Right Atrium D) Left Atrium

D

Formed elements of blood.. A) are cellularly derived B) develop in red bone marrow C) are derived from stem cells D) all of the above

D

If you were to do curls in the gym with a dumbbell, the biceps would help you elevate the weight and the triceps would assist in returning to the starting position. This is an example of ______ muscles. A) agonistic B) competing C) tetanic D) antagonistic

D

The ______________ valve is located between the right atria and right ventricle. The purpose of this valve is to prevent backflow of blood. A) pulmonary semilunar B) aortic semilunar C) bicuspid D) tricuspid

D

The arrangement of muscles so that the action of one muscle is opposite of its pair is referred to as: A) synergistic. B) dual. C) insertion. D) antagonistic.

D

The lower chamber of a heart which functions as the main pump is called the A) myocardium B) sinatrial node C) atrium D) ventricle

D

The portion of your nervous system that you have no control over is referred to as you _______ nervous system. A) central B) peripheral C) somatic D) autonomic

D

Various types of nerve disease, including multiple sclerosis, can destroy the layer of insulating material around axons. This layer, that helps maintain the integrity of the impulse and speed it up as it travels down the axon is called the A) glial cell B) conduit C) schwann cell D) myelin sheath E) mylar sheath

D

Veins differ from arteries in that A) veins depend heavily on skeletal muscle contraction to move blood back to the heart. B) veins have valves to prevent back flow of blood C) Veins always carry deoxygenated blood D) some of the above are correct E) all of the above are correct

D

What is the functional unit of a skeletal muscle called? A) a myofibril B) a myofilament C) the sarcoplasmic reticulum D) a sarcomere

D

When checking blood pressure the first sounds of blood moving through veins you hear correspond to the ________ and the point at which blood moves smoothly and you no longer hear anything is the _____. A) none of the above B) lub....dub C) diastole...systole D) systole....diastole E) arterial contraction....arterial relaxation

D

When running intervals, I often end up with a cramp just below my rib cage on the right side. This likely results from muscles that cannot relax due to inadequate ______ to allow the myosin to release the action. A) ATP B) carbon Dioxide C) Lactic Acid D) Troponin

D

Which of the following causes blood to move through veins? A) blood pressure B) vasodilation C) contraction of smooth muscle D) contraction of skeletal muscle

D

Which of these are the smallest of veins that form when capillaries merge to return blood to the heart? A) arteries B) arterioles C) veins D) venules

D

Which of these blood components is responsible for carrying oxygen in the blood stream. A) Eosinophils B) Platelets C) Thrombin D) Hemoglobin

D

The following events are associated with muscle contraction. Which of the following best describes the order in which these events occur, following the initiation of a contraction by a nerve impulse? 1. Muscle cells begin to depolarize or change charges across their membrane. 2. Myosin heads bind actin and pulls actin toward the center of the sarcomere. 3. neurotransmitters from a neuron bind to receptors on the muscle to activate it. 4. Troponin moves to expose myosin binding sites. 5. Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. A) 3,5,1,4,2 B) 1,3,5,2,4 C) 3,5,1,2,4 D) 4,2,1,3,5 E) 3,1,5,4,2

E

Which of the following are functions of blood? A) carry oxygen B) provide immunity C) regulate body temperature, pH, and water balance D) Transport of dissolved substances E) All of the above

E

Which of the following are true regarding an action potential: A) an action potential can only occur if a neuron reaches threshold potential B) Depolarization of a neuron results when Na+ ions begin to flood into a neuron C) Depolarization of a neuron results when K+ ions begin to leave a neuron D) A neuron must depolarize and depolarize for a complete action potential E) all of the above are true

E

Which of the following represent correct flow of blood as it passes through the heart.

body - right atrium - tricuspid valve - right ventricle - pulmonary semi-lunar valve - pulmonary arteries - lungs

Trace the path of a red blood cell in a circuit that takes it from the capillary bed of the right kidney to the capillary bed of the left kidney.

capillary bed of right kidney - venules - veins - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary arteries - capillaries of lungs - pulmonary veins - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta - arteries - arterioles - capillary bed of left kidney