Bio Exam #4

You are told that the digestive tract of the animal you are studying developed an anus before a mouth. You realize that you may be looking at a(n): clam sponge sea star insect earthworm

sea star

The common ancestor of all animals is/are the:

choanoflagellates

Which plants generally have leaves called needles that are long, narrow, tough, and leathery? Tracheid Conifers Xylem Strobili Resins

conifers

Hyphae that contain two genetically distinct, sexually compatible nuclei within each cell are described as: twins. polykaryotic. double hyphae. dikaryotic. couplets.

dikaryotic

Seed plants produce ovules, each of which is a megasporangium surrounded by ___________. integuments gymnosperms megasporangium angiosperms phloem

integuments

In a fungus, a complex multicellular reproductive structure is called a(n): oogonium. gametangium. hypha. antheridium. fruiting body.

Fruiting body

A plant with floral parts in threes or multiples of three would be classified as a: cotyledonous plant. gnetophyte. monocot. gymnosperm. eudicot.

Monocot

Most conifers have separate male and female reproductive parts on the same tree. This condition is referred to as: monoecious. homosporous. deciduous. dioecious. heterosporous.

Monecious

The first air-breathing land animals were: amphibians. vertebrates. reptiles. snails. arthropods

Arthropods

Like fungi, chytrid cell walls contain which of the following? Tectin Chitin Lorica Chitobiose Sporopollenin

Chitin

The cell walls of fungi are composed of: lipids. chlorophyll. chitin. cellulose. glycogen.

Chitin

What is a disadvantage to having an exoskeleton? Exoskeletons do not prevent desiccation. Exoskeletons must be shed when the animal grows, exposing the animal to predators. Exoskeletons interfere with ingestion. Exoskeletons do not provide adequate protection from predators. Exoskeletons severely limit locomotion.

Exoskeletons must be shed when the animal grows, exposing the animal to predators.

What is a disadvantage to having an exoskeleton? Exoskeletons do not provide adequate protection from predators. Exoskeletons do not prevent desiccation. Exoskeletons must be shed when the animal grows, exposing the animal to predators. Exoskeletons severely limit locomotion. Exoskeletons interfere with ingestion.

Exoskeletons must be shed when the animal grows, exposing the animal to predators.

A true coelom develops within the ectoderm. False or True

False

An exoskeleton is a characteristic of an echinoderm. True or False

False

An exoskeleton is a characteristic of an echinoderm.T/F

False

Choanocytes are a characteristic of members of the phylum Cnidaria.

False

Most conifers are dioecious. True or False

False

the primary mycelium of basidiomycetes is dikaryotic. True or False

False

Which generation is significantly reduced in size and entirely dependent on the sporophyte generation? Integuments Gymnosperms Megasporangium Angiosperms Gametophyte

Gametophyte

What are the two clades of the protostomes?

Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa

What is the key characteristic that defines the Ecdysozoa clade? The animal is a deuterostome. The animal has bilateral symmetry. The animal develops three tissue layers. The animal molts. The animal has motile larvae.

The animal molts

What is the function of the sepal of a flowering plant? To protect the flower bud To absorb sunlight for photosynthesis To absorb nutrients To attract pollinators To bear ovules

To protect the flower bud

Which characteristic best describes vertebrates? Vertebral column Live birth Blood containing hemoglobin Four-chambered heart Lungs

Vertebral column

How is the pollen of pine trees primarily disseminated? Birds Water Mammals Insects Wind

Wind

The tetrapods include: -lancelets, cartilaginous, and bony fish. -fish, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals. - amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. -echinoderms and chordates. amphibians and reptiles

amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.

The tetrapods include: amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. echinoderms and chordates. amphibians and reptiles. lancelets, cartilaginous, and bony fish. fish, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals.

amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.

The club fungi typically reproduce by producing: zygospores. mycorrhizae. asci. ascospores. basidia.

basidia

The lining of the digestive tube is formed from:

endoderm

The structure labeled as 9 in the accompanying figure was produced by: meiosis in the resting sporangium. mitosis in the resting sporangium. the fertilization of two zygotes. meiosis in the zoosporangium. mitosis in the zoosporangium.

meiosis in the resting sporangium.

In most fungi, hyphae are divided by cross walls, termed which of the following? Coenocytes Sporangia Zygospores Sporocarps Septa

septa

The inner germ layer, or endoderm, forms which of the following structures?

Lining of digestive structures

The organism in the accompanying figure is a representative of the: subphylum Urochordata. phylum Echinodermata. phylum Hemichordata. phylum Chordata. subphylum Cephalochordata.

Phylum Chordata

Yeasts reproduce asexually by: ascospores. binary fission. forming a secondary mycelium. meiosis. budding

Budding

Which was the primary challenge animals faced in adapting to life on land?

The desiccating effect of the atmosphere

Members of phylum Arthropoda have paired, jointed appendages. False or True

True

Members of the Ecdysozoa clade are characterized by having a cuticle. T/F

True

The most diverse, successful, and familiar group of plants today are the: bryophytes. ferns. lycopods. gymnosperms. angiosperms

angiosperms

The sac fungi are characterized by sexual reproductive structures called: conidia. asci. gemmae. conidiophores. basidia.

asci

Which pair of words is incorrectly matched?

coelom—nο body cavity

Which of the following phyla is a deuterostome? Arthropods Echinoderms Annelids Mollusks Flatworms

echinoderms

Lichens are most typically formed by the symbiotic association of an alga or cyanobacterium and a(n): basidiomycete. zygomycete. glomeromycete. chytridiomycete. ascomycete

glomeromycete

A flower that has sepals, petals, and stamens, but lacks carpels, is known as: - incomplete and imperfect. -complete and imperfect. -complete and perfect. -incomplete and perfect. -almost complete and almost perfect.

incomplete and imperfect

What do the large female cones of a pine tree contain? Megasporangia Microspores Antheridia Pollen Microsporangia

megasporangia

The cephalic end of an animal is toward its head.

true

Which vascular tissue in both gymnosperms and flowering plants is for conducting water and dissolved minerals? phyla phloem xylem ovules integuments

xylem

Refer to the accompanying figure. The structure labeled as 4 is a: zygote. zoospore. sporangium. gamete. zoosporangium.

zygote

Which of the following is NOT an opisthokont, a monophyletic group characterized by a posterior flagellum on motile cells? Algae Lizard Choanoflagellate Dog Fungus

Algae

Which of the following characteristics about animals is FALSE? Animals cannot respond to stimuli. Animals are consumers. Animals are multicellular eukaryotes. Animals have specialized cells. Animals have a life cycle of development.

Animals cannot respond to stimuli.

The head end of an animal is known as its: anterior end. ventral end. lateral end. posterior end. inferior end.

Anterior end

The club fungi typically reproduce by producing: zygospores. ascospores. mycorrhizae. asci. basidia.

Basidia

________________include oaks, roses, mustards, cacti, blueberries, and sunflowers; these are either herbaceous or woody.

Eudicots

A true coelom develops within the ectoderm. T/F

False

The cell walls of fungi are composed of cellulose. True or False

False

The exoskeleton of arthropods is made of calcium carbonate

False

The lowermost and outermost whorl on a floral shoot consists of petals. T/F

False

The nervous system develops from the endoderm. True or False

False

The term "cleavage" refers to a series of meiotic cell divisions.

False

The term "cleavage" refers to a series of meiotic cell divisions. False True

False

What is the mode of nutrition for most Poriferans? parasites carnivores herbivores Filter Feeders autotrophs

Filter Feeders

Chytrids produce which of the following cells at some point during their life cycle, which is an indicator of fungal evolution? Flagellate Conidia Spores Hyphae Ascocarps

Flagellate

As a seed develops from an ovule, the ovule wall enlarges and develops into a: megaspore pollen grain fruit microspore seed coat

Fruit

Which of the following phyla is unusual because it is composed of a single extent species? Anthophyta Cycadophyta Coniferophyta Ginkgophyta Gnetophtya

Ginkgophyta

Which of the following regarding the coelom is NOT a correct statement? It shapes the body of soft animals. It functions as an endoskeleton. It is an enclosed compartment (or series of compartments) of fluid under pressure. Its evolution provided a space where internal organs could develop and function. Its evolution into various shapes and divisions provided the opportunity for animals to become specialized (e.g., in swimming, crawling, or walking).

It functions as an endoskeleton

Which statement about the development of a coelom is FALSE? It requires animals to have either two or three tissue layers. It occurs in protostomes and deuterostomes. It requires the endoderm to be covered by mesoderm. It is a fluid-filled cavity.

It requires animals to have either two or three tissue layers.

Which process marks the start of the dikaryotic stage (n + n) in the fungal reproductive cycle? Plasmogamy Meiosis Karyogamy Fertilization Mitosis

Plasmogamy

How do protostomes differ from deuterostomes?

Protostomes undergo spiral cleavage during development.

After fertilization in angiosperms, what does the ovule develop into? Stigma Seed Fruit Ovary Pollen grain

Seed

Refer to the accompanying figure. What is missing in the filament labeled as A? Spores Nuclei Septa Hyphae mycelia

Septa

If adult sponges are sessile, why can they still be classified as animals? Sponges have beating flagella. Sponges have a central nervous system. Sponges have an organ system. Sponge larvae are motile. Sponges have bilateral body symmetry.

Sponge larvae are motile.

In most fungi, hyphae are divided by cross walls, termed which of the following? Zygospores Coenocytes Septa Sporangia Sporocarps

Sporangia

When bread gets moldy with visible black or blue spots, you are looking at masses of the colored: thalli. ascocarps. spores. mycelia. hyphae.

Spores

Which of the following is a major problem for sessile animals? They are not capable of locomotion during their lifetime. They are unable to escape unfavorable environmental conditions. They are unable to sexually reproduce. As adults, they are haploid. They are limited in the variety of food they can consume.

They are unable to escape unfavorable environmental conditions.

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of cnidarians? There is only one opening into the gastrovascular cavity. They have radial symmetry. They are mostly marine. They have cells that contain stinging organelles. They have only one body shape, known as medusa

They have only one body shape, known as medusa

Which unicellular fungus is probably in most kitchens? Dirt Mushroom Yeast Mold Rust

Yeast

Sea stars are primarily: saprophytes. carnivores. detritivores. herbivores. omnivores.

carnivores.

In cnidarians, nematocysts are housed within why type of specialized cell? pseudopodia choanocytes nerve nets cnidocils cnidocytes

cnidocytes

Your abdominal cavity, which contains most of your major organs, is a: coelom lined by endoderm and mesoderm. pseudocoelom lined by mesoderm. pseudocoelom lined by endoderm. coelom lined by ectoderm. coelom lined by mesoderm.

coelom lined by mesoderm.

A grasshopper belongs in the Ecdysozoa clade because of its ability to:

molt

The organism in the accompanying figure is a representative of the: subphylum Urochordata. phylum Echinodermata. subphylum Cephalochordata. phylum Hemichordata. phylum Chordata.

phylum Chordata.

Refer to the accompanying figure representing a protostome. Which label denotes the nerve cord?

5

Which of the following statements about arthropods is FALSE? Arthropods have an open circulatory system. Arthropods have a true coelom. Arthropods have an incomplete digestive tract. Arthropods have an exoskeleton. Arthropods display segmentation.

Arthropods have an incomplete digestive tract.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae are useful for which of the following? Baking Inducing hallucinations Cheese flavoring Soybean fermentation Penicillin production

Baking

Chytrids produce spores that lack a flagellum. T/F

False

Deutorestome are characterized by a spiral cleavage True False

False

Echinoderms are characterized by bilateral symmetry in adults and radial symmetry in juveniles.

False

In deuterostomes, the blastopore develops into the mouth. True or False

False

Which statement best supports why animals most likely evolved in the ocean? The changeable temperature facilitated natural selection. The ocean water provided buoyancy. Internal fluid and salt balance were easy to maintain. They did not require a skeleton for support. Reproduction was independent of internal fertilization.

Internal fluid and salt balance were easy to maintain.

The outer germ layer, or ectoderm, forms which of the following structures? Muscles nervous tissue digestive structures Skeletal structures Circulatory system

Nervous tissue

Which is a characteristic of flatworms? They have three germ layer They are acoelomates. They are pseudocoelomates. They have two germ layers. They are coelomates.

They are acoelomates

Which of the following correctly describes fungal spores? When a spore germinates, it gives rise to sporangia. When a spore germinates, it gives rise to a mycelium, which then develops into hyphae. They are motile and reproduce sexually only. Most fungal cells do not contain haploid nuclei. They are nonmotile and reproduce either sexually or asexually.

They are nonmotile and reproduce either sexually or asexually.

Which of the following is a correct statement regarding cnidarians? They are less highly organized than sponges. They do not have a hydrostatic skeleton. They have true muscle cells. They have a nerve net. They have an ectoderm only (no endoderm).

They have a nerve net.

What is the function of the phloem in plants? To transport water and minerals To transport nutrients To transport dissolved sugars To transport sap To transport water and food

To transport dissolved sugars.

Cycads were very important during the _____________, which began about 251 million years ago.

Triassic period

An example of an animal that is a metazoan is a sponge. T/F

True

The body of a tapeworm consists of segments, each of which is called a proglottid. True or False

True

Sponges are believed to have arisen from the choanoflagellates because they possess: oscula spicules collar cells spongin amebocytes

collar cells

The accompanying figures are representative of which of the following? Ginkophyta Coniferophyta Cycadophyta Anthophyta Gnetophyta

coniferophyta

The body of a tapeworm consists of segments, each of which is called a proglottid. T/F

True

How do mycorrhizae benefit plants? Mycorrhizae increase the surface area of the leaves. Mycorrhizae increase a plant's rate of photosynthetic. Mycorrhizae increase a plant's flowering. Mycorrhizae increase a plant's absorptive surface area of roots. Mycorrhizae increase the number of chloroplasts within a plant.

Mycorrhizae increase a plant's absorptive surface area of roots.

The hypha, a filament that makes up the vegetative body of most fungi, serves which of the following functions? Cell division Nutrient absorption Intercellular communication Apoptosis Cellular locomotion

Nutrient absorption

Which is an example of a monocot? Pine tree Oak tree Onions Tomato plant Cactus

Onions

In most developing eudicot seeds, the primary source of nutritive material is in the: embryo. endosperm. cotyledons. zygote. fruit.

endosperm