BIO Exam 4 Quizzes

The following is a list of structures in the eye through which light passes. Which answer best describes the order in which light passes through or hits each structure? 1. lens 2. pupil 3. cornea 4. aqueous humor 5. retina

3, 4, 2, 1, 5

The following is a list of events involved in the activation of a cell by a steroid hormone. Which of the following answers best represents the order in which the steps occur? 1. cellular response to the hormone-produced protein in the body 2. turning "on" of a gene 3. formation of a hormone-receptor complex in the nucleus 4. diffusion of the hormone through a target cell membrane 5. production of a protein

4, 3, 2, 5, 1

Which of the following is NOT a recommendation for a healthy diet?

An individual should consume alcoholic beverages on a daily basis.

________ functions as a signaling molecule in the digestive system.

Gastrin

Which of the following is NOT true regarding receptor adaptation?

If a stimulus is present, all receptors will continue to send impulses to the CNS at a constant rate until the stimulus is removed.

________ receive(s) a physical or chemical stimulus and ultimately cause(s) nerve impulses to be generated in sensory neurons

Receptors

Thyroxine (T3) is released from the thyroid gland in response to the presence of ________.

TSH

________ extend from the tip of taste cells in taste buds into the mouth.

Taste hairs

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the posterior pituitary gland?

When there is an increased amount of water in the body, ADH is released from the posterior pituitary.

In the small intestine, amino acids and monosaccharides are moved into the mucosal cells by the process of ___________.

active transport.

If diabetes is left untreated, which of the following could develop as a result? a. blindness b. kidney failure c. cardiovascular disorders d. neural disorders e. all of these

all of these

Which of the following is true regarding estrogen and progesterone? a. They are released during a female's reproductive years. b. They stimulate development of female secondary sex characteristics. c. They regulate the menstrual cycle. d. They are secreted by the ovaries. e. all of these

all of these

Use Figure 12.1 to answer the following questions. Vibration of the ________ bends hairs of the hair cells, which ultimately generate impulses in ________.

basilar membrane, sensory neurons

A disorder of the nervous system in which the individual eats and then deliberately vomits is known as _______.

bulimia.

Which of the following conditions results when the transparency of the lens decreases? (Hint: the lens gets "cloudy")

cataracts

What type of receptors are most likely to be classified as "silent" receptors?

chemical receptors

The watery mixture of partially digested food produced in the stomach is called

chyme.

The transparent covering of the front of the eye is the _____.

cornea.

The pancreatic ducts connect to the small intestine at the ______.

deudenum.

Hyposecretion of ADH results in _____.

diabetes insipidus.

Insufficient production of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary may result in ______.

dwarfism.

The anterior pituitary gland produces _____. a. LH. b. TSH. c. Prolactin. d. ACTH. e. all of these

e. all of these

The process by which undigested material is removed from the gastrointestinal tract is _____.

elimination

The intensity of a sound is specifically associated with its ________.

energy.

An individual, driving through his neighborhood, suddenly jams on his car brakes to avoid hitting a child who runs into the road after a ball. A few seconds later, the driver finds that he is shaking and his heart is pounding. This is primarily due to the secretion of _________.

epinephrine from the adrenal medulla.

The ovaries of women function as endocrine organs by producing ______.

estrogen and progesterone.

Loud sounds cause excessive damage to the ________.

hair cells of the cochlea.

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of diabetes mellitus?

high sodium concentration in the blood and urine

Which of the following endocrine organs is also part of the forebrain?

hypothalamus

Use Figure 12.1 to answer the following questions. The structure shown in the diagram above is found in the ___________.

inner ear.

Uptake of blood glucose by liver cells is stimulated by _____.

insulin.

Which of the following is required in the diet in order for active thyroid hormones to be produced? (Hint: without this the person may develop a goiter)

iodine

All of the following are accessory organs of the digestive tract EXCEPT the ______.

large intestine.

Bile is produced by the ________ and stored in the ________.

liver, gall bladder

Mechanoreceptors specifically designed to monitor muscle length are ____.

muscle stretch receptors/spindles.

The layer of the GI tract wall that is responsible for motility is the _____.

muscularis.

The "blind spot" is associated with the ________.

optic disk where the nerves enter.

Sound is amplified by components of the middle ear when they vibrate. When one of these components, the stapes, vibrates, the ________ will vibrate.

oval window

The process by which food is propelled through the digestive tract by alternating contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle is ______.

peristalsis

Once a bolus of food has been formed in the mouth, it is passed by the tongue and jaws to the ________.

pharynx.

When a sound wave first arrives to the ear, the wave is directed toward the auditory canal by ________.

pinna.

Insulin helps regulate blood sugar and keep it at homeostatic levels by _____.

promoting the entry of glucose into the body cells.

Pepsin is a digestive enzyme that specifically targets _____.

protein.

The pancreas aids in the chemical digestion of food by

releasing digestive enzymes and biocarbonate ions into the duodenum.

The vitreous humor fills the main chamber of the eye. Which of the following structures of the eye would vitreous humor come in contact with?

retina

Which of the following parts of the eye is continuous with the cornea and forms the outer surface of the back of the eye?

sclera

Muscular movements that mix and break down food into smaller portions in the lumen of the small intestine is referred to as ________.

segmentation

Which of the following structures is used to sense rotational movement of the head and body?

semicircular canals

The salivary glands include

sublingual, parotid, and submandibular glands

Hormones are specific to particular tissues because _______.

target tissues display the appropriate receptor for a particular hormone.

During swallowing,

the epiglottis bends to close the trachea.

Nutrient rich blood moves from the small intestine to the liver via ______.

the hepatic portal system.

Within the cochlea, higher-frequency sounds are converted to electrical impulses near ____.

the oval window.

Non-steroid hormones differ from steroid hormones in that _____.

they bind to a receptor on the outer surface of the cell membrane.

The action of nonsteroid hormones often results in conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP, which then functions _______.

to initiate a cascade (or domino effect) of enzyme activations.

Receptors that detect odors are located in __________.

upper part of nasal passages.

When oxytocin is released during childbirth, the hormone targets cells in the _____.

uterus