BIO Final Exam Review (CH 6)

True

An EKG can aid in identifying abnormalities in heart rate and rhythm, as well as areas of damaged heart tissue.

Fatty streaks

The simplest form of atherosclerosis is _____, which are thin, flat discolorations in the arteries that can enlarge and become thicker as they grow in length. A. thrombosis B. fatty streaks C. atheromatous plaque D. ischemia

Venae cavae

The superior and inferior _____ deliver systemic blood to the right atrium. A. venae cavae B. capillaries C. arterials D. venules

True

Ultrasound and angiography will confirm the diagnosis of peripheral artery disease.

Spider

_____ veins are small, dense networks of veins that appear as red or blue discolorations on the skin. A. saccular B. fusiform C. spider D. varicose

Atheromatous plaque

A fibrous _____ is characterized by the accumulation of lipids and formation of scar tissue, that begins as a white gray thickening of the inner lining of the artery. A. thrombosis B. fatty streaks C. atheromatous plaque D. ischemia

Sinoatrial node

A small patch of tissue called the _____ acts as the pacemaker of the heart. A. atrioventricular node B. purkinje fibers C. bundle of his D. sinoatrial node

Angioplasty balloon

A stent is a cylindrical wire mesh that surrounds an _____. A. aneurysm B. atrial node C. anastomosis D. angioplasty balloon

True

A symptom of infective endocarditis includes a change in the sound or character of a heart murmur.

False

A ventricular septal defect is one of the four abnormalities found in congestive heart failure.

Vegetations

Acute forms of endocarditis involve the formation of nodules, or _____. A. emboli B. aneurysms C. thrombus D. vegetations

False

Aneurysms are caused by blood pooling within the veins because of decreased, stagnated blood flow.

True

Arterioles can change their diameter by constricting or dilating, which alters blood flow to the tissues.

True

Arterioles lead into capillaries, the connecting link between arteries and veins.

Carotid arteries

Blockage of the _____ can reduce blood supply to the brain, causing a stroke. A. peripheral veins B. pulmonary veins C. coronary arteries D. carotid arteries

True

Blood flows through two routes: the systemic circulation and the pulmonary circulation.

False

Chronic venous insufficiency is a condition of poor venous blood return to the lower extremities.

False

Claudication, a clot within a blood vessel, forms because of ulceration and turbulent blood flow.

Varicose veins

Compression sclerotherapy is a treatment used for _____. A. chronic venous insufficiency B. varicose veins C. thrombosis D. aneurysms

True

Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide.

False

Coronary veins provide the heart muscle with a reliable blood supply.

True

Corrective surgery within the first two to three weeks of life is essential for transposition of the great arteries condition.

True

Endocarditis does not affect a healthy heart.

True

Fat in the human body takes the form of triglycerides.

True

Fetal circulation is anatomically different than postnatal circulation.

HDL

Generally, the higher the level of _____, the lower the risk of coronary artery disease. A. LDL B. CAD C. CVI D. HDL

True

Heart block occurs when the atria and ventricles contract independent of each other.

Autonomic

Heart muscle is influenced by the _____ nervous system and hormones such as epinephrine. A. sympathetic B. parasympathetic C. autonomic D. somatic

140/90

Hypertension is broadly defined as an arterial pressure greater than _____ on at least three consecutive measures. A. 160/100 B. 140/90 C. 180/110 D. 120/80

True

Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular disorder.

Secondary

In _____ hypertension, the elevation in blood pressure results from some other disease. A. essential B. stage II C. secondary D. pre-

Arteriosclerosis

In _____, artery walls thicken and become hard and inflexible. A. atherosclerosis B. cardiomyopathy C. arteriosclerosis D. claudication

Femoral and popliteal

In peripheral arterial disease, the most commonly affected arteries are the _____ arteries. A. hepatic and circumflex B. pulmonary and coronary C. carotid and renal D. femoral and popliteal

False

In transposition of the great arteries, the pulmonary artery is attached to the right ventricle, and the aorta is attached to the left ventricle.

True

Infants born with down syndrome and Turner syndrome have an increased risk for congenital heart disease.

False

Kidney disease can result in primary hypertension.

True

Lipids include cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides.

Auscultation

Listening through a stethoscope for abnormal heart sounds is an example of _____. A. percussion B. palpation C. inspection D. auscultation

True

More than 90% of persons with CHD have coronary atherosclerosis.

Chest pain

Occlusion of a coronary artery may result in _____. A. peripheral vascular disease B. atheromatous plaque C. chest pain D. claudication

True

Patients with severe cardiomyopathy my undergo a heart transplant.

Essential

Primary hypertension is also called _____ hypertension. A. essential B. stage II C. secondary D. pre-

Fingers and toes

Raynaud's disease is a disorder of the arteries in the _____. A. arms and legs B. chest and abdomen C. fingers and toes D. neck and head

False

Raynaud's disease is triggered by exposure to heat.

True

Risk factors for myocarditis include viral and bacterial infections.

True

Some of the symptoms of Tetralogy of Fallot is difficulty eating, failure to gain weight, and poor development.

False

Symptoms of atherosclerosis do not appear until the interior of the vein is occluded.

Left ventricular

The clamping of the umbilical cord and removal from the placental circulation causes an increase in _____ pressure. A. left ventricular B. right ventricular C. right atrial D. left atrial

True

The danger of an aneurysm is the tendency to increase in size and rupture.

False

The incidence of rheumatic fever is highest among the elderly 65 - 75 years of age.

False

The internal lining of the heart consists of a smooth, delicate membrane called the exocardium.

False

The mitral valve lies between the right atrium and left atrium.

A thrombosis

The most common cause of CVI is _____. A. an aneurysm B. a thrombosis C. hypertension D. varicose veins

True

The most common cause of arteriosclerosis is atherosclerosis.

Double-layered membrane that encloses the heart

The pericardium is a _____. A. double-layered membrane that encloses the heart B. single layer of membrane that lines the inside of the heart C. four-chambered structure that lies inside the heart D. triple-layered membrane that encloses the heart

Group A hemolytic streptococci

The risk factors for rheumatic fever include age and infection with _____. A. group A hemolytic streptococci B. Plasmodium C. coxackie virus D. parovirus

True

The signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure include ankle swelling and shortness of breath with exertion.

Weeks

The signs and symptoms of rheumatic fever begin approximately 2 _____ following the infection. A. years B. months C. weeks D. days

Ventricular conduction system

The supraventricular arrhythmias do NOT include arrhythmias generated in the _____. A. ventricular conduction system B. junctional tissue C. sinoatrial node D. atrioventricular node

Three cusps

The valve between the right atrium and right ventricle is named because it has _____. A. two chambers B. three chambers C. two cusps D. three cusps

True

The walls of arteries are muscular, thick, strong, elastic, and are lined with endothelium.

True

There are two types of cardiac arrhythmias, supraventricular and ventricular.

True

Treatment for Raynaud's disease is aimed at reducing triggers for the symptoms.

True

Treatment for congestive heart failure cannot cure or reverse the condition.

True

Ventricular arrhythmias are more serious and potentially life threatening than other types of arrhythmias.

Hypertrophic

Ventricular hypertrophy is the dominant feature of _____ cardiomyopathy. A. dilated B. restrictive C. aneurysmic D. hypertrophic

Restrictive

_____ cardiomyopathy is the least common form of cardiomyopathies, and is associated with reduced filling of the heart. A. dilated B. restrictive C. aneurysmic D. hypertrophic

Hypertrophic

_____ cardiomyopathy is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death among young people. A. dilated B. restrictive C. aneurysmic D. hypertrophic

Dilated

_____ cardiomyopathy is the most common form of all cardiomyopathies. A. dilated B. restrictive C. aneurysmic D. hypertrophic

Coronary arteriography

_____ employs an injected contrast material that permits imaging of blood vessel function. A. coronary arteriography B. angiocardiography C. electrocardiography D. cardiac catheterization

Ventricular fibrillation

_____ is a life-threatening emergency, a form of cardiac arrest. A. atrial fibrillation B. bradycardia C. tachycardia D. ventricular fibrillation

Ablation

_____ is a nonsurgical procedure using a catheter inserted into the heart and directs energy to sever the area causing the abnormal rhythm. A. electrocardioversion B. defibrillator C. bypass D. ablation

Angioplasty

_____ is a procedure used to open a partly occluded artery. A. compression sclerotherapy B. angioplasty C. doppler echocardiography D. vein stripping

Tachycardia

_____ is a sustained heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute. A. atrial fibrillation B. bradycardia C. tachycardia D. ventricular fibrillation

Bradycardia

_____ is an abnormally low heart rate less than 50 beats per minute. A. atrial fibrillation B. bradycardia C. tachycardia D. ventricular fibrillation

LDL

_____ is the major cholesterol carrier in the blood, and is also known as "bad" cholesterol. A. LDL B. CAD C. CVI D. HDL

Atrial fibrillation

_____ is the most common heart rhythm disorder. A. atrial fibrillation B. bradycardia C. tachycardia D. ventricular fibrillation

Cardiac catheterization

_____ samples the blood in each heart chamber for oxygen content and pressure. A. coronary arteriography B. angiocardiography C. electrocardiography D. cardiac catheterization