Bio II Exam 1 Study tool questions
Which of the following do not belong to domain Archaea?
Bacteriophages
Decomposers such as molds and mushrooms belong to which domain and kingdom?
Eukarya, Fungi
The mold that produces penicillin is Penicillium notatum. Penicillium is the name of its
Genus
What are some of the criteria and tools biologists might use to assign the different types of protists to monophyletic groups?
Shared derived characters; molecular data.
Are members of a clade similar because they share a common ancestor, or do they belong to the same clade because they are similar?
They are similar because they share a common ancestor.
A compound organism consisting of a photoautotroph and a fungus is called
a lichen
Dolphins and humans both have the ability to nurse their young, whereas the less closely related sharks do not. The ability to nurse their young is
a shared derived character of mammals
With the exception of chytridiomycetes, fungi are generally disseminated by
airborne spores
Parasitic alveolates that form spores at some stage in their life belong to which group?
apicomplexans
Kelps are _____ with multicellular bodies differentiated into blades, stipes, holdfasts, and gas-filled floats.
brown algae
When systematists apply the principle of parsimony, they
choose the cladogram that requires the fewest changes in characters as the most probable explanation to interpret the data
Which group of bacteria contains the gram-positive, anaerobic bacterium that causes botulism?
clostridia
Paramecium and other ciliates often display a sexual phenomenon called
conjugation
Molecular evidence supports the view that all plastids evolved from an ancient
cyanobacterium
Photosynthetic protists with shells composed of two halves that fit together like a petri dish are
diatoms
A cell described as n + n is
dikaryotic
When a fungus infects a plant, it
enters leaves or stems through stomata
Fungi are
eukaryotes and opisthokonts
Bacterial flagella
exhibit a rotary motion
Endospores are
extremely durable cells
Cellular slime molds
form a slug when cells aggregate in response to cyclic AMP
Glomeromycetes
form arbuscular endomycorrhizae with tree roots
Rhizobial bacteria
form mutualistic relationships with the roots of legumes and fix nitrogen
The majority of heterotrophic bacteria are
free-living chemoheterotrophs
The pigments, energy reserve products, and cell walls found in land plants are also characteristic of
green algae
Malaria
is caused by an apicomplexan that spends part of its life cycle in the Anopheles mosquito and part in humans
Bacteria that are autotrophs
manufacture their own organic molecules from simple raw materials
Which statement is not true of the zygomycetes?
many members of this group form endomycorrhizae with tree roots
A group of organisms that includes a recent common ancestor and all its descendants is
monophyletic
Peptidoglycan is a chemical compound found in the cell walls of
most bacteria
Mutualistic associations between fungi and the roots of plants are called
mycorrhizae
Bacteria that thrive in puncture wounds are likely to be
obligate anaerobes
Robert Koch
proposed a set of guidelines to demonstrate that a specific pathogen causes specific disease symptoms
Each branching point in a cladogram
represents the divergence of two or more groups from a common ancestor
Forams
secrete many-chambered tests with pores through which cytoplasmic extensions project
In cladistic analysis
shared derived characters are the preferred evidence for relatedness
The presence of homologous structures in two different groups of organisms suggests that
the organisms evolved from a common ancestor
The ascomycete life cycle typically includes
the production of eight haploid ascospores within an ascus
Which statement is not true of the chytrids
their cells are dikaryotic
Which of the following is not true of the protists?
they are prokaryotic, as bacteria and archaea are
Which statement is not true of the basidiomycetes?
they have a diploid thallus that produces zoospores
in conjugation
two bacterial cells of different mating types come together, and genetic material is transferred from one to another
In interpreting a cladogram,
we can determine relationships by tracing along the branches back to the most recent common ancestor
Which of the following fungi does not have a mycelium?
yeast
Water molds reproduce asexually by forming ____ and sexually by forming ____
zoospores; oospores