Bio II Midterm II Quizzes(Fall 2020)

Resource partitioning may include which of the following?

relocating nesting sites

Birds are most closely related to:

reptiles

The amphibians are believed to have arisen from ancestral:

sacropterygian fishes.

Metamorphosis occurs in which of the following vertebrate classes?

Amphibia

Which structure is used to help regulate buoyancy of fish?

swim bladder

In which group did the amniotic egg first evolve?

Reptiles

Echinoderms are unique because:

their larvae are bilaterally symmetrical while the adult is pentaradially symmetrical.

The community found on a rotting log would include:

bacteria

Which of the below are living descendants of the dinosaurs?

bird

Sea stars are primarily:

carnivores

An elongate uniramid with many legs as well as poison claws is known as a(n):

centipede

Sponges have specialized cells, but those cells are not organized into:

tissues

Spiny echidnas are unlike other mammals in that they:

do not have nipples

Sea stars eat:

mostly crustaceans and molluscs

In most protostomes, the blastopore develops into the:

mouth

Which of the following would increase population size?

natality

The organism in the accompanying figure is a representative of the: purple bubble thing with yellow center.

phylum Chordata

Competitive exclusion is a result of:

interspecific competition

Within the chordate classes, the unique characteristic of the class Aves is:

feathers.

Organisms that eat plants exclusively are known as______.

herbivores

The body wall of cnidarians and ctenophores consist of:

inner and outer cell layers separated by a jelly-like mesoglea

The atmosphere performs several essential ecological functions. One of these is to

protect Earth from most ultraviolet radiation.

Populations that experience significant contest competition:

show great changes in population size over time.

Biramous appendages in arthropods are only present in which organism?

Crustaceans

Which arthropods have mandibles, gills, excretory glands, and statocysts?

Crustaceans

During the cycling of phosphorus, which biological process is critical in cycling dissolved phosphorus?

Decomposition

The vast majority of bilateral animals have a fluid-filled body cavity, or coelom. Which of the following is an exception?

Flatworms

In an ecosystem, which measure of energy is the largest in amount or rate?

Gross primary productivity

If you were to study all of the insect-eating birds in a forest, you would see that many birds eat insects, yet you may not see any evidence of competition. What is the most probable explanation?

The birds are exhibiting resource partitioning.

The organisms occupying the base of a pyramid of energy are autotrophs.

True

In cnidarians, nematocysts are housed within why type of specialized cell?

cnidocytes

Surplus individuals in the ____ disperse and find another habitat in which to settle and reproduce.

source habitats

In a food chain, producers occupy the first trophic level.

true

The most unique feature of the echinoderms is their:

water vascular system

When r = −0.00057, the population size:

will decrease

____ generally have greater population densities than less suitable sites.

source populations

What is the purpose of protonephridia in flatworms?

to regulate fluid balance

A decomposer is also called a saprotroph.

true

Which characteristic best describes vertebrates?

vertebral column

Which is a unique adaptation in insects not found in any other arthropod?

wings

What would be the growth rate (r) of an island population of 6000 birds that has 60 births per 600 birds, 20 death per 600 birds, 10 immigrants per 600 birds, and 10 emigrants per 600 birds? [Provide your answer with at least three significant digits]

0.0667

The heart of amphibians has ____ chambers. The hearts of birds and mammals have ____ chambers.

3,4

Which of the following statements about arthropods is FALSE?

Arthropods have an incomplete digestive tract.

Which of the following organisms would have the highest intrinsic rate of increase?

Bacteria

As adults, ____ are the only sessile crustaceans whose external anatomy is completely different than its fellow crustaceans.

Barnacles

Which chordate group has the most species?

Bony fishes

Salamanders are members of the order:

Caudata

An exoskeleton is a characteristic of an echinoderm.

False

An herbivore occupies the third trophic level.

False

Biologists agree that ancestors of ray-finned fishes gave rise to tetrapods.

False

Source habitats are areas where reproductive success is less than local mortality.

False

The earliest vertebrates had jaws.

False

The nervous system develops from the endoderm.

False

The term "cleavage" refers to a series of meiotic cell divisions.

False

All echinoderms are found:

In marine habitats

The veliger larval form is unique to:

Molluscs

Which of the following relationships is incorrectly paired?

Nesting seabirds—random dispersion

The enzyme nitrogenase is important in which part of the nitrogen cycle?

Nitrogen fixation

Which term can be applied to both monotremes and sharks?

Oviparous

Iteroparity is common in which of the following organisms?

Perennial herbaceous plants

Which of the following series correctly represents the hierarchical organization within ecology?

Population → community → ecosystem → biosphere

Which animal phylum has an asymmetrical body plan?

Porifera

Populations that experience significant contest competition:

Show great changes in population size over time.

____ are good habitats where local reproductive success is greater than local mortality.

Source habitats

If adult sponges are sessile, why can they still be classified as animals?

Sponge larvae are motile

Order ____ includes the snakes.

Squamata

What specialized structure do crustaceans use to sense gravity?

Statocysts

What two abiotic factors are considered to most affect organisms?

Temperature and water

Which trophic level would contain the lowest quantity of energy (kcal per m2)?

Tertiary consumers

Which is a characteristic of all annelids?

They have a segmented body.

Which statement about decomposers is FALSE?

They include bacteria but not fungi.

Animals share a common origin with choanoflagellates.

True

Convergent evolution resulted in placental and marsupial mammals with similar structural features.

True

In Type-I survivorship, the young have a high probability of surviving.

True

Malpighian tubules are used for excretion.

True

Members of an r-selected species typically have a short lifespan.

True

Members of phylum Arthropoda have paired, jointed appendages.

True

Members of the Ecdysozoa clade are characterized by having a cuticle.

True

most closely related animal to vertebrates are the:

Urochordates

The tetrapods include:

amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.

Animals with chemical defenses are also typically:

aposematic

Keystone species:

are typically not the most abundant species in the community.

Which set of values would result in a population with a growth rate of zero?

b = 1000, d = 500, i = 500, e = 1000

During ____ between predator and prey species, the predatory species becomes more efficient at catching prey, while the prey species becomes better at escaping predators.

coevolution

The realized niche for the green anole was determined by:

competition.

The associated figure provides support for which of the following processes?

competitive exclusion

Which of the following animals helps to maintain fertile soil?

earthworms

Algae and cyanobacteria are examples of primary consumers.

false

Echinoderms are related to vertebrates because the first opening to develop becomes the mouth.

false

The most abundant gas in the atmosphere is oxygen.

false

The potential ecological niche of a species is its realized niche.

false

A linear depiction of energy flow in an ecosystem is a(n)

food chain.

Hagfishes are differentiated from lampreys and all other fishes in that:

hagfishes lack vertebrae.

Snakes are most closely related to:

lizards.

Brachiopods, phoronids, and bryozoans all have a ring of ciliated tentacles around the mouth. These animals are thus grouped as:

lophophorates

Arthropods with mandibles, a single pair of antennae, and two legs on most body segments are:

millipedes

The main steps of the nitrogen cycle are

nitrogen fixation, nitrification, assimilation, ammonification, and denitrification.

The structure in the accompanying figure labeled ____ is characteristic of the phylum to which this organism belongs. (Phylum chordata)

notochord

The best definition of population density is the number of individuals:

of one species in a given area at a given time.

Extinct jawless fish include the:

ostracoderms.

Within a community, a dominant species may appropriate a disproportionate share of available resources, thus ____ other species.

outcompeting

Most reptiles are ____ and their fertilization is ____.

oviparous; internal

The coelacanth is found in the class:

Actinistia

As bilateral symmetry evolved, natural selection led to which of the following?

Cephalization

A fish with a cartilaginous skeleton and paired fins would be in the group:

Chondrichthyes.

____ is the least frequent of the dispersal patterns seen in nature.

Random dispersion

Which of the following is an adaptation that enables cephalopods to escape from their predators?

Rapidly changing colors

Hermaphroditic earthworms reproduce sexually by connecting their bodies by their ____. This allows transfer of ____ from one worm to the other.

clitellum; sperm

Which of the following characteristics about animals is FALSE?

Animals cannot respond to stimuli

The ____ of an earthworm allows them to resist desiccation in terrestrial environments.

Cuticles

Which scenario best describes facilitation?

A species interaction that modifies and enhances the local environment for other species

What is perhaps the most common of the dispersal patterns seen in nature?

Clumped dispersion

Vertebrates have a closed circulatory system with a dorsal heart and blood containing hemoglobin.

False

Echinoderms are characterized by bilateral symmetry in adults, a water vascular system, tube feet, and spiny skin.

False- Radial Symm as adults, bilateral as larvae

The accompanying figure models a(n) __________-shaped growth curve.

S

What is the third trophic level of a food chain?

Secondary consumers

Gas exchange in terrestrial insects is accomplished through:

The use of trachea

How do leeches differ from other annelids?

They do not have setae or parapodia.

A primary source of carbon for photosynthetic organisms is

carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and water.

The major components of Earth's atmosphere, from the lowest concentration to the greatest concentration, are

carbon dioxide, oxygen, and nitrogen.

In a lake, a certain native species of zooplankton is found evenly distributed in the water column. After introduction of a different species of zooplankton, the native species is only found in the shallow water zone. This is most likely an illustration of:

competitive exclusion

A nauplius larva is characteristic of:

crustaceans

When the size of a population begins to approach K, we can expect that the growth rate will:

decline.

The Coriolis effect results in the

deflection of moving air due to the rotation of Earth.

Habitat is best described as:

the local environment in which a species lives.

The chordate notochord is a dorsal longitudinal rod composed of cartilage.

True

Like the cnidarians, flatworms depend on ____ for achieving circulation and gas exchange.

diffusion

Which class of animals has the largest number of species?

insecta

Which nutrient cycle does not have a gaseous phase?

phosphorus cycle

Solar radiation

powers the hydrologic and other biogeochemical cycles