Bio Lab Final

Match the phase (or step) of photosynthesis to the process.

1. light reactions 2. dark reactions

Steps of the Scientific Method

1. make observations and ask questions 2. develop hypotheses 3. design an experiment and test the hypothesis 4. analyze results 5. repeat

What is the enzyme we will be using in lab today?

ALP

Match the step of PCR with what is occurring in the test tube.

Annealing: DNA primers hybridize to the DNA strandDenaturation: Double stranded DNA melts to single stranded DNAExtension: DNA strand elongates with DNA polymerase

What micropipette(s) could be used to measure out 175μL of liquid?

P200 and P1000

What type of buffer is used to run gel electrophoresis?

TAE

What will happen when a red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution?

The cell becomes shriveled

What is the P generation?

The first set of parents crossed

What does homozygous mean?

When the same pair of alleles composes a trait

If you get stuck while researching papers/topics or citing a paper what is the best solution?

ask nsu librarian

Your heart rate, or pulse, is the number of times your heart ______

beats per minute

The linear relationship between the concentration of a colored solution and its light absorbance is known as the ______.

beer-lambert law

Match the process to its substrate (i.e. starting material). Glycolysis, kreb's cycle, ETC

glucose, pyruvate/pyruvic acid, electrons

The variable that is manipulated or varied by the researcher in an experiment is the

independent variable

There is a(n) __________ relationship between the color of a solution and the wavelength of light it best absorbs.

inverse

What determines resolution?

lens diameter, lens quality, visual acuity, magnification

During the dark reactions, atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is brought into the leaf through tiny pores called: ___________

stomata

What is added to a gel that allows us to visualize DNA?

sybersafe dye

T/F Aerobic respiration yields more ATP than anaerobic respiration.

true

T/F Fermentation generates energy (i.e., ATP).

true

T/F In the United States, genetically modified foods do not have to be labeled as such.

true

T/F Potential allergic reactions to novel proteins and Antibiotic resistance from selectable markers are major arguments against/concerns associated with the GMO industry

true

T/F You must heat up the agarose to dissolve it.

true

What color will the product of today's experiment (pNP) turn?

yellow

100μL is equivalent to

0.1 mL

From start to finish, place in order the laboratory steps that must be accomplished in order to identify DNA from samples/organisms.

1. DNA isolation 2. PCR amplification 3. Gel electrophoresis of PCR products 4. analysis of gel results

Your resting heart rate is___________

1. Is when your heart is pumping the least amount of blood 2. When your heart rate is at its slowest

What voltage is gel electrophoresis run at?

100V

Ocular lenses found in most compound light microscopes a magnification of..?

10x

What is the optimal temperature for most enzymes?

20 to 40 degrees Celsius

In order to separate PCR product bands produced by plant and GMO primers, a ____ agarose gel is required.

3%

How long is gel electrophoresis typically run for?

30 minutes

How much ATP is generated by the complete oxidization of pyruvate into CO2 and H2O via aerobic respiration?

36-38

You are using a compound microscope and you have the objective lens set to 40x. What is the total magnification you are using to view the specimen?

400 x

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

6CO2 + 6H2O + light ---> C6H12O6 + 6O2

__________ is more resistant than ___________ to processing and can be extracted from highly processed foods, making it a better option for identifying GM in food.

DNA, proteins

What will happen in the experiment when light hits the chloroplasts?

DPIP will be reduced DPIP will change from blue to colorless there will be an increase in light transmittance

What is the correct order for the steps of PCR amplification ?

Denaturation, Annealing, Extension

Name the two types of peas that we will be working with in the cellular respiration lab.

Dormant peas and germinating peas

What is the test that can be used to detect proteins that are produced in GM crops?

ELISA

T/F

Enzyme activity typically occurs within a very broad pH range.

The first offspring produced from a monohybrid cross is called the...

F1 generation

T or F Dissecting microscopes allow higher magnification than compound microscopes.

False

T or F If the results of a patient's two "random" glucose readings are 196 mg/dL and 200mg/dL, this person meets the criteria of diabetes mellitus.

False

T or F Plant cells are like red blood cells and can potentially burst when placed in solutions of varying tonicity.

False

Match the photosystem to the specialized pigment molecules. PSI, PSII

PSI - P700 PSII - P680

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) does what of the following?

Produce 3-D images of the surfaces of objects.

Independent variables are usually plotted on the X-axis of a graph, whereas dependent variables are usually plotted on the Y-axis (T or F)

True

T/F Moving molecules against their concentration gradient requires energy.

True

T/F When an enzyme's reaction rate doubles for every 10 degree Celsius increase in temperature it's called the Q10 effect.

True

The cause behind the results of an experiment will stay the same if we repeat the experiment tomorrow follows the principles of

Uniformity

CO2 is converted into a stable organic compound through a process known as

carbon fixation

The process by which organisms chemically oxidize organic compounds as a means of generating ATP is?

cellular respiration

What is used to compare observed ratios for a given cross compare with predicted ratios?

chi-square analysis (x2)

What color-producing chemical will be used in today's lab to determine the concentration of glucose solutions through absorbance readings?

chromogen

What are autosomes?

chromosomes 1-22

If you were given a sample of bacteria to analyze, which microscope would be best for quickly identifying the specimen?

compound

In prokaryotic cells, catabolism of pyruvate takes place in the __________________. Whereas, in eukaryotic cells, it occurs in the _________________________.

cytoplasm, mitochondria

What number do chromosomes of somatic cells contain?

diploid number (2n)

Which has a smaller wavelength: electrons or visible light?

electrons

T or F To view a specimen under an electron microscope, it has to be living.

false

T/F A denatured enzyme can catalyze a chemical reaction.

false

T/F A molecular weight ruler, aka ladder, is used as a reference to determine the charge (i.e. negative vs. positive) of your products.

false

T/F Only glucose can be broken down to generate ATP.

false

T/F Photosynthesis is a catabolic process.

false

T/F Simple diffusion requires energy input.

false

During the process of gel electrophoresis, combs are used to

form the wells that samples will be placed in

The act of placing genes for selected traits directly into crop plants is a form of genetic modification known as______________

genetic transformation

What is the genetic composition of an organism called?

genotype

What is the end product of photosynthesis (for the plant)?

glucose

At which stages of aerobic cellular respiration are ATP produced?

glycolysis, kreb's cycle, chemiosmosis

Who is known as the 'founder' of genetics?

gregor mendel

DNA Polymerase is derived from a bacterium that lives in

high-temperature steam vents

What factors determine how fast water moves across a membrane? Select all that apply.

hydrostatic pressure, solute concentration difference

Many species are unable to utilize oxygen as a final electron acceptor during cellular respiration due to:

lack of ETC proteins, lack of oxygen in the environment, lack of enzymes needed to inactivate free radicals

If you were to attend lab in person, what is the proper attire you must wear before entering the lab?

long pants, closed toe shoes, lab coat

What will happen when a red blood cell is placed in distilled water?

lysis will occur

Can dominant alleles be masked by recessive alleles?

no

In an experiment designed to determine the rate of reaction based on the content of each beaker, the hypothesis that states there will be no difference in the outcome of the experiment is

null hypothesis

The movement of water molecules from a region of high free water concentration to a region of low free water concentration is known as ____________________.

osmosis

Tonicity is the measure of what?

osmotic pressure

What is the in vitro substrate for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) that we will be using in lab?

pNPP

DNA from Bacillus thuringiensis is incorporated into the genomes of crops to make them

pest resistant

What is the appearance of a particular trait called?

phenotype

ALP catalyzes the hydrolysis of _______________ attached to proteins or lipids.

phosphate groups

Large complexes of proteins and pigments (light-absorbing molecules) that are optimized to harvest light are called:

photosystems

When leaf pigments absorb light, electrons are boosted to a higher energy level, providing energy to:

produce ATP reduce NADP+

What macromolecule is an enzyme classified as?

protein

The difference between dialysis tubing and real cell membranes is that

real membranes are more selective

Blue-colored objects absorb which wavelength of light the most?

red

Being able to reproduce the results of an experiment on a separate day follows the principles of

similarity of causation

Gel electrophoresis separates DNA on the basis of what?

size of DNA

Which of the following molecules can diffuse through a cell membrane?

small molecules

What is the name of the machine we will use in today's lab to measure the amount of light that is absorbed by a solution?

spectophotmeter

Primers serve as _________ for amplifying the target region of the DNA to be copied.

start and stop points

What happens if either the enzyme or substrate is limited?

the enzyme's reaction rate will remain constant