bio lab final
A double stranded DNA molecule contains a total of 120 purines and 120 pyrimidines. This DNA molecule could be composed of __
120 thymine and 120 adenine molecules
If a DNA sample were composed of 10% thymine, what would be the percentage of guanine?
40%
What chromosomes belong to a normal human male?
44 autosomes, one X chromosome, and one Y chromosome
The genetic code is essentially the same for all organisms. From this, one can logically assume which of the following? A) DNA was the first genetic material B) A gene from an organism can heretically be expressed by any other organism C) different organisms have different numbers of different types of amino acids
B) A gene from an organism can heretically be expressed by any other organism
If one stand of DNA double helix has the sequence GTCCAT, what is the sequence of the other strand?
CAGGTA
Measurements of the amount of DNA per nucleus were taken on a large number of cells from a growing fungus. The measured DNA levels ranged from 3 to 6 picograms per nucleus. in which stage of the cell cycle did he nucleus contain 6 picograms of DNA?
G2
A sexually reproducing animal has two unlinked genes, one for head shape (H) and one for tail length (T). Its genotype is HhTt. Which of the following genotypes is possible in a gamete from this organism
HT
What type of chemical bond joins the bases of complementary DNA strands?
Hydrogen
A human cell containing 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome is
a sperm
During which stage of mitosis do chromatids separate to form two sets of daughter chromosomes?
anaphase
when do sister chromatids separate during meiosis?
anaphase 2
sister chromatids separate fem each other during?
anaphase 2 meiosis
The individual with genotype AaBbCCDdEE can make many kinds of gametes. Which of the following is the major reason
different possible alignments of chromosomes
How many unique gametes could be produced through independent assortment by an individual with the genotype AaBbCCDdEE
eight
What is the final result of mitosis?
genetically identical 2n somatic cells
After telophase I meiosis, the chromosomal makeup of each daughter cell is ___
haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids
Scientists isolate cells in various phases of the cell cycle. They find a group of cells that have 1 1/2 times more DNA than do G1 phase cells. The cells of this group are ___?
in the S phase of the cell cycle
Describe the central dogma of molecular biology
it is where DNA transcripts into RNA and RNA translates into Protein.
A given organism has 46 chromosomes in its karyotype. We can therefore conclude__
its gametes must ave 23 chromosomes
drink which stage does the number of chromosomes become half?
meiosis telophase 1
DNA and RNAa re plymers composed of ___ monomers
nucleotide
if a woman who is hertorzygous for hemophilia marries a normal man, what is true?
one half of their sons may be hemophiliacs
Why did the F1 offspring of Mendel's classic pea cross always look like one of the two parental varieties
one phenotype was completely dominant over another
The best definition of a purebred plant is one that___
self-fertalizes to produce offspring identical to the parent
when a colorblind woman marries a male with normal vision, all their daughters have normal vision and all their sons are color blind. this is an example of which type of inheritance?
sex linkage
Where is the messenger RNA synthesized in a cell?
the golgi body
A parent cell divides to form two genetically identical daughter cells in the process of mitosis. For mitosis to take place____./
the parent cell must first replicate ints entire genome
Two plants are crossed, resulting in offspring with 3:1 ratio for a particular trait. This ratio suggests that ______
the parents were both heterozygous for the particular trait
How many nucleotides make up a codon?
three
Why do chromosomes coil during mitosis?
to allow the chromosomes to move without becoming entangled and breaking
when ____ occurs between nonvoter chromatids genetic exchange between chromosomes provides new combination of genes that are different from either parent.
crossing over
Which of these events occurs during anaphase? A) The nuclear envelope breaks up B) chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell C) the nuclear envelope reappears D) sister chromatids separate
sister chromatids separate
During which phase does the DNA make a copy of itself?
synthesis
the nuclear membrane is formed around the newly-formed sets of daughter chromosomes during ___
telophase
The cell cycle results in the production of ____
two cells, each with the same amount of genetic material and the same genetic information
A group of cells is assayed for DNA content immediately following mitosis and is found to have an average of 8 picograms of DNA per nucleus. How many picograms would be found at the end of S and the end of G2?
16;16
A cell with 10 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many daughter cells are created? And how many chromosome does each daughter have?
2 cells are created and each daughter cell has 10 chromosomes.
If adenine makes up 20% of the base in a DNA double helix, what percent of the bases are guanine?
30%
Starting with a fertilized egg (zygote) a series of five cell divisions would produce an early embryo with how many cells?
32
how many genetically different kinds of gametes can produce genotype AABbCCDdEE?
4
which of the following statements best summarizes the differences between DNA and RNA? A) DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar than RNA nucleotides B) DNA encodes hereditary information, whereas RNA does not C) DNA encodes hereditary information, whereas RNA does not; the bases in DNA form base-paired duplexes, whereas the bases in RNA do not; and DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar than RNA nucleotides
A) DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar than RNA nucleotides
Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides? A) a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar B) a nitrogenous base and a pentose sugar C)a phosphate group and an adenine or uracil D) a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group
A) a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar
The nitrogenous base adenine is found in all members of which group?
ATP, RNA, and DNA
Which of the following are nitrogenous bases of the pyrimidine type? A) adenine and thymine B) cytosine and uracil C) ribose and deoxyribose D) thymine and guanine E) guanine and adenine
B) cytosine and uracil
which of the following defines a genome? A) representation of a complete set of a cells's polypeptides B) the complete set of an organism's genes C) the complete set of a species' polypeptides
B) the complete set of an organism's genes
Where in the cell is the DNA transcribed into mRNA?
Because DNA never leaves the nucleus, it is in there that DNA is transcribed onto a mRNA molecule which then leave the nucleus through the nuclear pores to head out to a ribosome to be translated.
Homologous chromosomes ____
Carry genes controlling the same inherited characteristics
What happens during interphase?
Chromosome duplication
During metaphase ___
Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
Codons are three- base sequences that specify the addition of a single amino acid. How do eukaryotic codons and prokaryotic codons compare?
Codons are nearly universal language among all organisms
The difference between the sugar in DNA and the sugar in RNA is that the sugar in DNA __
Contains one less oxygen atom
Which of these crosses will only produce heterozygous offspring? A) AA x Aa B) Aa x Aa C) Aa x aa D) AA x aa
D) AA x aa
Which of the following are nitrogenous bases of the purine type? A) thymine and uracil B) cytosine and guanine C)uracil and cytosine D) guanine and adenine
D) Guanine and adenine
In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes are composed of ?
DNA and proteins
After replication, ___
Each new DNA double helix consists of one old strand and one new strand
transcription is the ___
Manufacture of a strand of RNA complementary to a strand of DNA
Eukaryotic sexual life cycles show tremendous variation. Of the following elements, which do all sexual life cycles have in common? I. Alternation of generations II. Meiosis III. fertilization IV. Gametes V. spores
Meiosis, Fertilization, and Gametes
One difference between mitosis and meiosis is ___
Mitosis produces cells genetically identical to the parent cell, but meiosis does not
In humans, blue eyes are inherited as a recessive autosomal trait and color blindness is an X-linked recessive trait. A woman with blue eyes and normal color vision. He has brown eyes, but his mother had blue eyes. what would be true for their sons?
One- fourth of their sons will be color blind and have blue eyes, 1/4 of their sons will be color blind and have brown eyes, 1/4 of their sons will have normal color vision and blue eyes , 1/4 of their sons will have normal color vision and brown eyes.
What name is given to the collection of traits exhibited by an organism?
Phenotype
the correct sequence of stages of mitosis is___
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase
The transcribing enzyme is ___
RNA polymers
Translation converts the information stored in ___ to ___
RNA; a polypeptide
During telophase ____
Te events of prophase are reversed
Which of the following is a stage of mitosis? A) telophase B) DNA synthesis C) cytokinesis D) interphase
Telophase
Chromatids are separated from each other
The statements is only true for mitosis and meiosis II
A cell divides to produce two daughter cells that are genetically different.
The statements is true for meiosis I only
Thymine and cytosine differ from adenine and guanine in that
Thymine and cytosine are single-ring structures, whereas adenine and guanine are double-ring structures
If an DNA double helix, adenine paris with ___ and guanine pairs which____
Thymine; cytosine
RNA contains the nitrogenous base__ instead of __, which is only found in DNA
Uracil; thymine
In certain plants, tall is dominant to short. If a heterozygous plant is crossed with a homozygous tall plant, what is the probability that the offspring will be short
Zero
The human X and Y chromosomes
include genes that determine an individual's sex
The RNA that is translated into a polypeptide is ____ RNA
messanger
paired homologous chromosomes are found t the single equator during
metaphase 1
during meiosis, when does crossing over occur?
prophase 1
during which phase of meiosis will he chromosomes appear as packets of four
prophase 1