Bio lab wk 5 - nervous system pt. 1 : brain + skull anatomy

• loose mesh protein fibers • Between pia & dura mater ( seen clear between cerebral & cerebellar hemisphere • Space between arachnoid & pia mater ( subarachnoid space) = filled w/ cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF) _ physically supports, protects, and nourish the brain

Arachnoid mater ( e)

• Nerves within = control "automatic" ( muscle memory / learned reflexes) skeletal muscle • Judging time & rhythm • Touch distinction • Judge object position in 3 dimensional space • Distinction between similar sounding words • Right & left cerebellar hemispheres ( e) • Surface " gyri" = folia (e) • Arbor vitae (s) ( tree of life)

Cerebellum (es)

• divided into right & left hemisphere • hemisphere divided into 4 lobes = occipital, frontal, parietal, temporal • Nerves within hemisphere = control voluntary movement, interpret senses, think thoughts + make judgement, store & retrieve memories • Form new connections when learning • Ridges on surface of cerebrum = gyri • Valleys between gyri = sulci

Cerebral cortex ( cerebrum) ( es)

• white matter • Allows info to travel between hemispheres quickly

Corpus callosum (s)

• Thick tough layer • Connective tissue • Separates softer meninges + brain from cranial bones

Dura Mater ( e)

• CSF flows from 3rd ventricle, through cerebral aqueduct & into 4th ventricle • between cerebellum & pons • Narrows to become central canal of spinal cord

Fourth ventricle (s)

• largest, most superior visible front bone • Makes up most of forehead

Frontal bone

• below & anterior to thalamus • Nerves within = hormone secretion, and regulate autonomic functions • Sleep/ wake cycle • Functions in Memory • Pituitary gland ( hangs below hypothalamus) = secretes endocrine hormones

Hypothalamus (s)

• Chambers withi right and left cerebral hemisphere BETWEEN corpus collosum & fornix • Contain CFS _ produced by dark tissue found in ventricles = choroid plexus (s)

Lateral ventricles ( s)

separates right and left cerebral hemisphere

Longitudinal fissure ( e)

• forms lower jaw • house the socket ( alveoli) that support the teeth ( mandible + maxilla)

Mandible

• forms upper jaw

Maxilla

• base of brain stem • Nerves within = travel to and from spinal cord • Nerves within= regulate cardiovascular system, respiratory system, & reflexes ( coughing, sneezing, vomiting )

Medulla oblongata (es)

• top of brain stem • Between diencephalon ( below hemispheres) & pons • Relay center for visual and auditory pathways • Pupillary light reflex ( dilate / inflate pupils) • Cerebral aqueduct = connect 3rd & 4th ventricles

Midbrain (es)

• Pair of nasal bone= bridge of nose • External portion = strong, flexible cartilage

Nasal bone

• posterior skull • Lambdoid suture = joins occipital to parietal bone above • External occipital protuberance= bump in middle of occipital bone • Superior n inferior nuchal lines = lateral from protuberance • Inferior side = paired occipital condyles ; make up first cervical vertebra of spinal column

Occipital bone

• form posterior edge of hard palate • Maxilla + palatine = roof of mouth ( bony portion ; hard palate)

Palatine bone

• largest visible bone • Sagittal suture = join left and right bones • coronal suture = join parietal to frontal bone

Parietal bone

• Thin, delicate • Almost transparent membrane • Adheres closely to gyri, sulci, as other external structure

Pia Mater ( e)

• Relays information between cerebrum, cerebellum, and medulla • Regulate automatic functions = bladder control, breathing, posture

Pons (es)

• protect delicate neural tissue • Provide scaffold for face • Opening for nerves & blood vessel ( passageways of digestive and respiratory system ) • Suture= special joints that connect the cranium

Skull

• forms most of rear orbit ( eye socket)

Sphenoid bone

• routes information to cerebrum • Memory and basic emotions • Location of "third ventricle"

Thalamus (s)

• lateral to maxilla • Makes up cheek bone

Zygomatic bone

• inferior to parietal bone • Squamous suture = joined to parietal bone • External auditory meatus • Posterior to meatus = mastoid process ( rounded bump behind earlobe)

temporal bone