Bio
Lysosomes
A membrane-enclosed sac of digestive enzymes that break down large molecules without damaging the cell
Cytoskeleton
A network of fibers that provide support and can be used for cell movement; maintains cell shape
Correlation
A relationship between 2 variables
To store energy
ADP + P ATP
To provide energy
ATP ,ADP + P
Theories
Broad ideas Supported by a lot of evidence Not same as hypothesis
Ribosomes
Built in the nucleus and shipped to the cytoplasm; site where proteins are made
Beta- Blockers
By binding to adrenaline receptors, beta-blokers reduce anxiety symptoms
made of LDL ("bad") and HDL ("good")
Cholesterol
Nucleus
Contains the genetic material, DNA
Statistics
Describe data - Tell us the probability that our experimental group and control group differ by chance alone
2 main scientific approaches
Descriptive - inductive reasoning Experimental - deductive reasoning
Proteins Main structural component of life
Enzymes
Do energy drinks really provide energy?
False
Only plant cells have a cell wall.
False
Plants use photosynthesis to create ATP for cellular work.
False
You can prove a Hypothesis is True
False
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Folds and packages proteins for shipping
Caffeine
Is NOT a nutrient that can be converted to ATP to provide energy
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Makes lipids, like hormones, and breaks down drugs and poisons in the blood
Central Vacuole
Membrane-enclosed sac (usually in plant cells) that can store items such as pigments (to attract pollinators), water (to grow), or poisons (to protect against herbivores)
Golgi Apparatus
Receives products from the endoplasmic reticulum and modifies and packages molecules for shipping; makes some carbohydrates
Plasma Membrane
Surrounds the outside of all cells; determines what can pass into & out of a cell
Fermentation anaerobic
The harvest of food energy w/o oxygen
Biology
The scientific study of life
Mitochondria
The site of cellular respiration which converts food into energy in the form of ATP
You open a package of cheese that has not been previously opened and you find mold growing on the cheese. Where did the mold cells come from? (Mold is a type of fungus; a living organism.)
There was a mold cell in the package before it was sealed and then the cells increased in number over time.
Correlation does not equal causation
True
Fermentation is Inefficient process doesn't produce much ATP
True
Plants use process of cellular respiration and Photosynthesis
True
Chloroplast
Uses the sun's energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars (food) in the process of photosynthesis
# Calories recommended (for adults)
__2000___: inactive women & elderly ___2400__: active women & inactive men 2400_____: active men 3000
Plant bodies (like all life forms) are made up of carbon. Plants increase their body size through inputs from the ___ .
air
Molecules influence a cell's function by _____ .
all of the above are possible
Primary sources
are articles written and gone through peer review
Vitamins
complex nutrients that contain carbon and are needed only in very small quantities to assist enzymes
Human Metabolism Number of Calories per day required vary with
gender age genetics
Almost all carbohydrates are
hydrophilic
Lipids are
hydrophobic
During endocytosis, particles are transported ____ the cell within a _____ .
into, vesicle
Phagocytosis
is a type of endocytosis by which cells engulf large particles
Exocytosis
is the method by which cells export products for use in another location
Fatty acid is unsaturated if:
it has at least one carbon to carbon double bond
Fatty acid is saturated if:
it has the maximum number of hydrogens bonded to the carbons
Food calories are
kilocalories (1 = 1000 calories)
Secondary sources
media reports appearing in radio, newspaper, magazines and T.V
Muscle cells have high energy needs therefore you would expect these cells to contain lots of _____ .
mitochondria
Simple sugars
monosaccharides
Minerals
non-carbon-containing atoms necessary to assist enzymes - examples: sodium, potassium, iron, calcium, fluoride
Sample size
number of subjects in experimental group and in control group
Anecdotal Evidence
people make claims on poor studies or on poor sample sizes
Which structure provides a cell with its "fingerprint" that allows it to be recognized as belonging in a particular organism?
plasma membrane
Complex carbohydrates
polysaccharides starch, glycogen, cellulose
Replication
should apply the predictor variable to > 1 subject - should measure the response variable on > 1 subject
Our livers are responsible for processing particular drugs we take. Therefore we would expect the liver to have lots of _______ . Increasing the amount of this particular cell organelle is what sometimes causes people to build up a tolerance to drugs, requiring them to take ever increasing quantities of the drug to feel the same effect.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Carbon dioxide enters leaf through and H2O & O2 are also lost through
stomata
Cellular respiration
sugar + O2 ATP + CO2 + H2O
Photosynthesis
sunlight + CO2 + H2O sugar + O2
Anabolic steroids
synthetic form of testosterone
High cholesterol
total cholesterol > 200 - LDL > 100
Plant parts that contain a lot of poisonous materials to protect them from being eaten by animals would have many _____ .
vacuoles
Micronutrients
vitamins, minerals
Macronutrients
water, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins (thing we need in large quantities)
Pseudoscience
when people m,ale scientific clams but have not been proven by scientific evidence
