BIO quiz

______ will cause the most severe effects in the apex predator of a food web.

biomagnification

Global transportation has its most significant environmental impact because it _______

burns most of the worlds oil

Humans have an unmatched ability to alter ____

carrying capacity

___ is the long-term, predictable atmospheric conditions of a specific area.

climate

____ water has more dissolved oxygen.

cold

Nitrogen ________ must occur before biological organisms can incorporate atmospheric nitrogen into their macromolecules.

fixation

Biodiversity can often be restored and maintained through __

habitat restoration

A ________ model attempts to quantify all aspects of entire ecosystems in their natural states.

holistic ecosystem

___ are particularly vulnerable to extinctions caused by invasive species.

lakes and islands

Melting clathrates release ________, which accumulates in the atmosphere.

methane

A ________ re-creates an ecosystem in a controlled environment.

microcosm

Before the Industrial Era, ________ were a driver of climate change.

milankovitch cycles

In general, smaller organisms are ________ distributed compared to larger organisms.

more densely

Which of the following is a K-selected species?

oak trees, which produce many offspring and mature late

The ________ is the largest aquatic biome.

ocean

____ time is the average time an individual water molecule stays in a reservoir.

residence

There is a direct relationship between ________ and temperature.

solar intensity

To determine unique patterns of species distribution, ecologists will focus on ____

species presence and absence

One of the most important abiotic features in freshwater biomes is ___

stratification

Species in which a high percentage of offspring survive to middle "age" have a ________ survivorship curve.

type 1

The optimal environmental conditions that lead to maximum plant productivity require a ________ climate.

warm and wet

___ influences the rate of evaporation and transpiration.

wind

Animals as a rule are found in living in temperatures ranging from ___

0C to 45C

The Little Ice Age occurred between _____

1550 and 1850 AD

Since 1500 AD, ________ species have been driven to extinction by overhunting or overfishing.

86

The K-T extinction is directly linked with ___

a cataclysmic asteroid

Ecologists studying ecosystems will examine ___

abiotic and biotic components

There are 34 areas with high numbers of endemic species identified; these areas contain ________ of Earth's endemic plants.

about half

No plants can be found within the ________ zone.

abyssal

Humans have directly contributed to increased biodiversity through our _____

agricultural efforts

Scientists agree that climate change will ___

alter regional climates, leading to habitat loss

___ provide a key historical evidence of Earth's past climate.

antarctic ice cores

The organism that contains the least amount of energy in an ecosystem is the

apex consumer

___ ecology attempts to solve real world problems, including conservation efforts.

applied

All ecosystems require ________ to form the foundation of energy flow in a food web.

autotrophs

Understanding ecological issues addresses ___

basic human needs

____ is the geographic distribution of life and the nonliving factors that influence that distribution.

biogeography

The ________ carbon cycle is the faster movement of carbon through ecosystems.

biological

When conducting field studies, ecologists classify members of the same species as ________ and members of different species as ________.

conspecifics; heterospecifics

Excess phosphorus and nitrogen in aquatic ecosystems is responsible for _____

dead zones

Competition of any type will ________ reproductive rates.

decrease

Biodiversity ________ at higher latitudes.

decreases

____ is one method for recognizing existing biodiversity.

dna barcoding

Humans impact from agricultural practices is often much larger in ________ regions.

dry

___ illustrate(s) the relative amounts of energy or biomass across trophic levels.

ecological pyramids

_____ focuses on changes in plant populations.

ecological succession

A(n) ________ is composed of both biotic and abiotic components.

ecosystem

When studying frogs, a(n) ________ ecologist would focus upon temperature impacts on the sex distribution of the frogs.

ecosystem

Which of these would fall under urban ecology?

ecosystems within new york city

____ species are a good indication of biodiversity.

endemic

_____ species are found in only a certain area, often of limited geographical size.

endemic

One of the key tools in conservation efforts is ____

establishment of preserves

Animals will ________ to survive extreme hot, dry climates.

estivate

A major impact of human use of nitrogen compounds is ___

eutrophication

Freshwater organisms maintain water balance by ___

excreting dilute urine

The movement of phosphate from the ocean to the land is ___

extremely low

Moving water is always ________ closer to the source.

faster-flowing

____ is the potential reproductive capacity of an individual.

fecundity

Humans contribute sulfur to the atmosphere through ___

fossil fuel use

The carbon footprint of humanity is largely influenced by ____

fossil fuel use

Ecologists address questions across ________ level(s) of biological organization.

four

____ biodiversity is the raw material that generates adaptation in species.

genetic

Glacier recession has been directly observed in ________ National Park.

glacier

The rate at which photoautotrophs incorporate energy from the sun is the ________ of an ecosystem.

gross primary productivity

The vegetation that appears at the top of a high mountain is likely to be similar to the vegetation at ______

high latitudes

Habitat loss in the tropics often directly correlates with species extinction due to ___

high levels of endemic species

Fundamentally, ________ are the current largest threat to global biodiversity.

humans

Invasive species can cause genetic changes in native fauna by ______

interbreeding

_____ species reproduce repeatedly during their lives.

iteroparous

Abiotic factors vary mainly based on ___

latitude and elevation

Stratification is the process by which a freshwater lake develops ____

layers of different temperatures

To date, ________ of eukaryotic species have been identified and named.

less than 20 percent

A ________ will divide a population into age and usually sex groups.

life table

___ is central to the distribution of species within aquatic biomes.

light

Why do steppe biomes have few trees?

low rainfall

A biome ____

may be present in different locations that have similar climates

Biodiversity plays a key role in identification of new _____

medicines

Many animals address seasonal temperature fluctuations by __

migrating to leave seasonally cold areas

Sunlight is always available in the ________ zone.

neritic

The ________ is the organic matter available as food.

net primary productivity

It is particularly important for plants to obtain ________ from soils.

nitrogen

The majority of the atmosphere is ____

nitrogen

The levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are greatly influenced by the ________ carbon reservoir.

ocean

The process of ________ is responsible for moving nutrients from the bottom of the ocean to the higher levels where more organisms reside.

ocean upwelling

Global warming has been associated with the ________ extinction.

permian

____ is often the limiting nutrient in aquatic ecosystems.

phosphorus

Distinctive species can often be found in ___

physically isolated geographies

___ is an important factor influencing the distribution of biomes.

precipitation

Which of the following would an organismal ecologist studying frogs examine?

preferred nesting locations of frogs

The rate of sea level increase ________ between 1993 and 2010.

raised to 2.9-3.4mm/year

Climate evidence shows that since the Industrial Revolution, atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have ___

steadily increased from the historical highest levels

Atmospheric sulfur is largely ___

sulfur dioxide

Adaptations in photosynthesizers often relate to ________ availability.

sunlight

Minerals are cycled from land to water by rain and ____

surface runoff

The ________ forest has defined growing seasons.

temperate

___ variation throughout the year will have a key impact on biome and vegetation distribution.

temperature

The ________ has the most stable temperature and precipitation profile year round.

tropical rainforest

Climate change would encompass which of the following?

two to three years with a shift in temperatures and rainfall and for the average summer conditions in new york