Bio review

Which of these molecules carries the most energy?

ATP

As an energy carrier, ATP differs from NADPH in that

ATP transfers energy through phosphorylation, whereas NADPH donates electrons and hydrogen ions.

Metabolism

All the chemical reactions that occur inside living cells, including those that store or release energy are described by the term

What would be the initial outcome of decreasing the number of photosynthetic organisms on Earth with no change in the number of organisms using cellular respiration

Carbon dioxide levels would increase.

What is the importance of photosynthesis to organisms other than plants?

Photosynthesis captures energy that other organisms access when they eat either plants or organisms that eat plants.

Plants and animals use different energy storage molecules, yet they both use the same mechanism to "burn" their stored energy. How can plants and animals both be successful, even though they "burn" different energy storage molecules?

The breaking of the chemical bonds of a storage molecule transfers energy, no matter what molecule is stored.

The chemical 3-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) blocks the movement of electrons at the point indicated by the black, downward-pointing arrow in the figure below. Which of the following would be an immediate effect of treating a chloroplast with this drug?

The production of water would increase.

The location on an enzyme where substrates bind is known as the

active site

Some kinds of drain cleaners use enzymes rather than strong, more dangerous chemicals. These enzymes must be able to

catalyze a catabolic reaction.

Metabolic pathways are

chains of linked chemical reactions

A worker is paid every two weeks. She uses some of this money to pay for essentials and puts the remainder of her money in a savings account at a bank. The money the worker saves is analogous to the

conversion of ADP and phosphate into ATP.

The first law of thermodynamics states that

energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only transformed

When ATP breaks down into ADP and a phosphate group,

energy is released and can power cellular activities.

The three stages of cellular respiration (in order) are

glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

After an enzyme catalyzes a reaction there is a(n) ________ in the concentration of ________

increase; products

In the process of carbon fixation

inorganic carbon atoms from carbon dioxide are captured and turned into sugar in the form of glucose

Which of the following events in a cell would require ATP?

linking together amino acids to form a protein

The capture and use of energy by living organisms involves numerous chemical reactions. Collectively these processes are known as

metabolism

In a human cell,

nearly all chemical reactions are catalyzed by enzymes

In the process of photosynthesis

organisms capture energy from the sun and create sugars from carbon dioxide and water

Which of the following is a product of the light reactions of photosynthesis?

oxygen

Glycolysis is an anaerobic process, indicating that the glycolytic reactions

produce ATP.

Photosynthetic organisms capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical bonds by forming

sugars.

In the process of cellular respiration

the cell breaks down sugars to obtain energy for the cell

Each time a person takes a breath, he or she is bringing in the oxygen he or she needs to stay alive. The ultimate source of the oxygen used by all aerobic organisms comes from a reaction that breaks down

water