Bio SAT ii Practice test problems
Is a pH with a number less than 7 have a greater or lower concentration of H+ ions?
higher
In what way would the process is shown (Prokaryotic DNA is undergoing transcription and replication simultaneously) be different in a eukaryotic cell?
in prokaryotes, replication occurs at the same time as transcription, so this wouldn't happen in a eukaryotic cell
Tendons connect ____________ to ___________ and ligaments connect __________ to ______________
tendons connect bones to muscle and ligaments connect bone to bone
When an animal associates two unrelated events that occur simultaneously, this is known as
conditioning
this graph (look at graph on sparknotes 1 test) best represents the experiment at 1. 10° 2. 20° 3. 30° 4. 40° 5. 50°
1 this graph shows egg production increasing in time, but with very low rate of hatching. The closest measurement to this trend is at 5° cel. (1 is the closest)
What of the following are most closely related? 1. Acer rubrum 2. Acer sucre 3. Pseudotriton rubum
1 and 2 Acer rubrum and Acer sucre belong to the same genus, along with all maple trees
How is the Clavin cycle similar to the Krebs cycle? 1. the starting compound is regenerated at the end of the cycle 2. multiple molecules of ATP are produced 3. both occur in mitochondrial inner membranes 4. both produce oxygen gas 5. each is present in all prokaryotes
1. The Calvin cycle starts when ribulose biphosphate (RuBP) joins with carbon dioxide. After a series of chemical changes, the RuBP is regenerated to start the whole thing over. Similarly, the Krebs cycle, begins with oxloacetic acid joins acetyl-CoA to from citric acid. By the end of the cycle it is regenernated. 2. is wrong because the Calvin cycle consumes ATP 3. is wrong because the Clavin cycle occurs in the chloroplast 4. is wrong because neither produces oxygen gas 5. most prokaryotes are not photosyntheic
What is the likelihood of observing female offspring with white eyes and vestigial wings in the F3 generation (look at picture on sparknotes 1 test)? 1. impossible: females cannot have white yes 2. much less likely than any other phenotype 3. as likely as seeing males with white eyes and vestigial wings 4. as lekely as seeing females with red eyes and vestigial wings 5. unable to determine without actually breeding flies
2 Although no F2 females have white eyes, some are carriers of the recessive white eyes allele. These F2 females need only mate with a white-eyed male with at least one recessive allele for vestigial wings to have a chance at producing a white eyed , vestigial winged female
The seeds in dish 1 were kept in a dark box to 1. study the effect of light on their emergence 2. decrease experimental variables 3. simulate conditions when planted 4. study the effects of phototropism 5. keep the temperature down
2 Keeping seeds in a dark box eliminates the possibility of phototropism. Although the box may simulate subterranean darkness,, this is part of the control for testing tropisms, which occur in many different environments
The process in which the carrier protein might bring sodium into a cell called 1. simple diffusion 2. facilitated diffusion 3. active transport 4. osmosis 5. phosphorylation
2 sodium ions want to move down their concentration gradient into the cell by diffusion. They cannot do that thought without assistance 1. out because sodium cannot diffuse without help 3. active transport pumps ions against their concentration gradient--but sodium wants to diffuse down its 4. osmosis refers solely to water 5. phosphorylation has nothing to do with this
the majority of egg production occurs between days 1. 1-2 2. 2-3 3. 3-4 4. 4-5 5. after day 5
3 To find the time of greatest egg production, look at successive columns in the table for the largest day to day increases in eggs. Although there are more total eggs on day 5 the greatest net increase occurs between days 3 and 4
All of the following statements related to gel electrophoresis are correct except: 1. restriction enzymes cut DNA at particular recognition sequences 2. Restriction enzymes are extracted from bacteria 3. the farther a piece of DNA runs, the larger it is 4. EcoRi is an example of a restriction enzyme 5. Restriction enzymes are necessary in order to insert a gene into a plasmid
3 the farther a piece of DNA runs in a gel, the smaller the piece of DNA it is
This molecule (amino acid) would NOT be a component of a: 1. maltose 2. hemoglobin 3. glycogen 4. insulin 5. a plasma membrane
3. Glycogen Glycogen is a polysaccharide and consist of many glucose molecules (or monosaccarides) strung together. The other choices are all proteins and therefore consist of chains of amino acids.
Which of the following molecules could NOT easily and independently pass through the membrane 1. nitrogen 2. water 3. glucose 4. carbon dioxide 5. oxygen
3. glucose to pass through cell membranes independently, a molecule must be very small and have no charge. Water easily passes through cell membranes by osmosis. Other small, uncharged molecules may pass by diffusion, including the gases nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and oxygen. Glucose is to large to cross by itself
which of the following levels of protein structure directly determines how a particular enzyme will function? 1. primary 2. secondary 3. tertiary 4. quatenary 5. it varies with the protein
3. tertiary tertiary structure is superimposed on the patterns of secondary structure. It results form the interactions between amino acids within the molecule. Tertiary structure gives every protein its particular shape, which determines its unique function
If the allele for white eyes was dominant, approximately how many F2 males would have white yes (out of a a possible 160 males) (look at picture on sparknotes 1 test)? 1. 20 2. 40 3. 60 4. 80 5. 120
4 although X linked traits are typically recessive, males with the allele will express the trait whether its dominant or recessive because males only have 1 X chromosome. Could up the total number of white-eyed males to get 80.
Constructing a hypothesis about fertility rates for fruit flies at different temperatures could be strengthened by 1. conducting tests at temperatures higher than 45° 2. measuring the growth of the individual organism 3. increasing temperatures by 5° each day 4. testing different species of insects 5. charting the survival of the original 50 flies on each day
5 if the fruit flies themselves do not survive, they cannot produce eggs. Losses in the parental generation greatly affects the ability to compare data across the table. 1. would likely add no significant data, as very few eggs or hatchling would be produced at high temperatures. 2. could possibly relate to fertility, but does so indirectly 3. changes the variable being tested, temperature 4. would shed no light on fruit flies
Gaps in the fossil record, the only direct evidence for historical evolution, may be attributed to all of the following EXCEPT: 1. fossilization is an improbable event 2. fossilization requires sedimentary rock 3. erosion 4. many fossils have yet to be found 5. specimens were enclosed in rocks formed from hardened sediments
5. because it explains the first step in which fossils are formed, not evidence of historical evolution
Convert 65.0 nanometer to picometers
65 nanometer=65,000 (multiply by ten when the decimal moves to the right, move the decimal back a spot to the left)
conditioning
conditioning is when an animal learns to associate two stimuli, one of which is usually neutral
look at sparknotes 4 Which of the avobe organism are ectothermic? A. 1, 4, 5 B. 1, 2, 4, 5 C. 1, 5 D. 2, 3 E. 2, 3, 4,
A An ectothermic animals is an animal whose body temperature is determined by its environment. Ectothermic animals are often called "cold-blooded". Vertebrates that evolved before birds are ectothermic. Fishes, sharks, and alligators are all ectothermic.
If exposed to a mother pig during the period shortly after hatching, the chicks in group B (group not exposed to proper mother) would exhibit A. Pig-like behavior B. Goose-like behavior C. chick-like behavior D. unique behavior E. unknown behavior
A For imprinting to occur, the only critical thing is the timer period of exposure. The object the chicks are exposed to doesn't matter, whatever it is, they will attempt to imitate it. Because the chicks in this question were exposed to a pig during the critical period they would exhibit pig like behavior
in order for germination to occur, the seed of the calvaria major tree had to pass through the digestive system of a Dodo bird. When the Dodo bird became extinct, so too did the tree. This is an example of: A. coevolution B. competition C. parasitism D. niche separation E. gene flow
A This is an example of coevolution. Coevolution refers to the reciprocal evolutionary adjustments that take place between interaction members of an ecosystem
Look at experiment in princeton review The eggshells of the embryos that failed to develop were tested and were found to contain more PCBs than the nearby plants and insects. This is due to A. biomagnification B. increased levels of PCBS in the lake C. the resistance of insects to PCBs D. failure of the plants to take up pcbs E. absorption of pCBs from the nesting site into the eggshell
A because higher trophic levels feed on the lower trophic levels, toxins tend to accumulate in higher trophic levels by a process called biomagnification. Eagles are top carnivores and would exhibit a lot of toxin accumulation, more so than plants or insects. Choice B may be true but it doesn't answer the question. Choice C is not mentioned in the passage, and the plants do up PCB so eliminate D. The PCB in the eggs came from the eagles themselves, not just absorption
What would the student observe if sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was slowly added to the vinegar solution? 1. the solution would turn from pink-red to purple to blue-green 2. the solution would turn from pink-red to pink to yellow 3. nothing--the reaction has already occured 4. a white precipitate would form at the bottom 5. the solution would turn clear
A indications can change gradually during a pH change, which makes the effective at distinguishing between solutions. Sodium hydroxide is a strong base, and the vinegar solution is acidic. If NaOH is added slowly to the solution, the indicator would change from pink-red (acidic) to purple (neutral) to blue-green basic. 2/5 is wrong because there is no data to indicate that it would turn yellow or clear 3 is wrong because indicators can change gradually 4 is wrong because the addition of a base to an indicator does not form white precipitate
tropism
A growth response of a plant toward or away from a stimulus
thigmotropism
A growth response to touch
auxin
A plant hormone that speeds up the rate of growth of plant cells
A solution with a pH of 5 is _______ times more acidic than a solution of pH
A solution at pH 5 has a H+ concentration of 1*10^-5 or -0.00001 M. A solution at pH 7 has an H+ concentration of 1*10^7 or -0.0000001 M. .00001 M is 100 times more concentrated than 0.0000001
Refers to 58-60 (look at images in sparknotes test 1)
An experimenter was testing the effects of temperature on egg production and hatching rates in fruit flies. She kept separate communities of 50 fruits at different temperatures, counting the eggs produced and hatchling for each day of the experiment
The physical growth associated with tropisms is caused by 1. auxin 2. lactic acid 3. associative behavior 4. nitrogen 5. excess carbon dioxide
Auxin is a common plant hormone effecting cell elongation. Auxin has been shown to function in plants' growth is response to stimuli. 2. lactic acid is a byproduct of anaerobic respiration 3. associative behavior implies that plants can learn and have brains 4. nitrogen is an important chemical for plants, but does not directly cause cell growth 5. excess carbon dioxide is wrong because plants exhibit tropisms in equal distribution of carbon dioxide.
Which of the following statements are true? 1. humans evolved from modern day lemurs 2. humans and lemurs share a common ancestor 3. humans are not related to lemurs 4. lemurs look just like their ancestors did millions of years ago 5. humans and lemurs demonstrate convergent evolution
B All the primates share a common ancestor, including humans and lemurs. 1 is false as humans evolved from an ancestor of lemurs, not the modern variety 3 is flase 4 is wrong even though lemurs split off from the rest of the primate tree millions of years ago, they did not stop evolving. 5 is wrong because Humans and lemurs demonstrate divergent evolution, not convergent
look at graphs in princeton review assuming unlimited resources what would be the approximate expected rabbit population in Year 5? A. 5,000 B. 1,000 C. 500 D. 300 E. 100
B If the resources are unlimited, the population can continue to grow exponsentailly. In the first year, there were 4 rabbits. In the second year, there were approximately 4*4, o approximately 16 rabbits. In the third year, there were 4*4*4 rabbits or about 64. In the fourth year there was 4*4*4*4* rabbits or about 256. Following this pattern you can assume in the 5th year there would be approximately 4*4*4*4*4 or 1,024 rabbits (closest number to that is B)
Look at the chart on SNM5 Whose heart rate increased the most between sitting still and walking? A. John B. Maria C. Beth D. Steven E. Mr. Olsen
B Maria's increased the most between sitting and walking
look at picture in m sparknotes 4 Molecule 1 would most likely be found in A. an amino acid B. a cell membrane C. DNA D. a disaccharide E. RNA
B Molecule 1 is a phospholipid (identifiable by its glycerol and phosphate group components). Cell membranes are formed from phospholipids
look at image in 36-8 SN5 During the time that layer 3 was deposited, the environment was most likely a A. Desert B. sea or ocean C. tropical rainforest D. tundra E. deciduous forest
B Seashells are found in sediment 3. This suggests that when Sediment 3 was deposited the environment was marine.
Layer that restricts evaporation in humans A) Hair B) Epidermis C) Cuticle D) Guard Cell E) Sweat gland
B Start by eliminating structures that are not layers (A, D, E). Because humans do not have a cuticle as an outer layer (that's a plant layer) C is eliminated.
Look at M experiment in Princeton review 2 Figure 1 shows that the hormone is needed to A. induce protein synthesis B. induce rNA transcription C. induce DNA replication D. inhibit protein synthesis E. induce cell division
B by looking at the two figures, you should be able to eliminate C, D, and E, because these processes are not monitored in the experiment. Because mRNA transcription is the first process to occur after the addition of the hormone, it seems likely that this is the process the hormone is stimulating.
In a certain ecosystem, the primary producers represent 100,000 kcal of energy. Assuming a 10% transfer of energy between trophic levels how much energy is available to the fourth trophic level? A. 10 kcal B. 100 kcal C. 1,000 kcal D. 10,000 kcal e. 100,000
B if 100,000 kcal are available at the first trophic level (the primary consumers), then 10,000 kcal are available at the second trophic level, 1,000 kcal to the third trophic level, and 1000 kcal to the fourth trophic level
look at experiment in m sparknotes 4 Based on the given data, if an unknown genetic disease were to wipe out most of the insect on the islands, which of the following would shape the beak width of the birds on the Galápagos.
B if the insects on the Galápagos were wiped out, finches that eat insects would lose their food source and be selected against. Since the finches that each insects have the narrowest beaks, directional selection would occur against narrow beaks.
Includes a structure known as the "anticodon" A) DNA B) tRNA C) mRNA D) rRNA E) RNA polymerase
B tRNA includes the anticodon that base-pairs with a codon in mRNA
If we were to continue to add monomers to this protein molecule to increase its size, to which atom would the next portion be bonded? (Princeton 2) A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5
B to attach two amino acids together, the OH group is attached to the carbon of the first amino acid and the H attached to the nitrogen of the second amino acid leave, becoming a water molecule
Look at the chart on SNM5 Which of the following statemnts is not supported by the data? A. Each person's heart rate was greater when sitting than it was lying down B. When pulse rate increases the breathing rate decreases C. While sitting still the females have a higher average heart rate than the males D. each person's breathing rate was greater after jumping rope than it was after walking E. Mr. Olsen had his highest pulse rate after running
B when pulse rate increases, breathing rate also increases. Activity in the heart and lungs is connected. When activity levels go up, the muscles of the body require more oxygen. The lungs must take in more oxygen, and the blood must deliver it.
(Refers too question) When confronted with a non-harmful stimulus many times, an animal will learn to ignore it
habituation
If a woman who is heterozygous for hemophilia marries a man who has hemophilia, what is the probability that their male child will have that disease? A. 0% B. 25% C. 50% D. 75% E. 100%
C if they have a male child he will have a 50% chance of being XhY and a 50% chance of being XY. If the male is XhY, he will have hemophilia because he does not have a normal X chromosome.
In a food web a primary consumer is always a(n) A. detritivore B. carnivore C. herbivore D. saprophyte E. autotroph
C primary consumers eat primary producers (plants) an are always herbivores
A mushroom is most like a A. moss B. Fern C. Yeast D. pine E. seaweed
C Mushrooms belong to kingdom Fungi, as do yeast: therefore, mushrooms and yeast will have the most in common. Mosses, ferns, and pines are members of kingdom Plantae. Seaweed is apart of Kingdom Protista
A virus is considered a parasite because it I. harms its host II. kills its host III cannot reproduce outside its host A. I only B. II only C. I and III only D. II and III only E. I, II, and III
C Option I is true, parasites harm their hosts (B and D are eliminated). Option II is false because not all parasites kill their host (E is eliminated) Option III is true, a parasite requires a host for something (eliminate A)
Which of the following organelles would be present in a eukaryote but NOT in a prokaryote: I. Nucleus II. Mitochondria III. Ribosome A. I only B. II only C I and II only D. II and III only E. I, II, and III
C Option one is true because Eukaryotes have nuclei and prokaryotes do not (B and D can be eliminated). Option II is also true because Eukaryotes have mitochondria and prokaryotes do not (A can be eliminated). Option III is false because prokaryotes do have ribosomes; they need to synthesize proteins just as eukaryotes do (eliminate E).
Human ABO blood typing is determined by proteins present on red blood cells. The gene that codes for these proteins have three alleles which are codominant: IA, IB, i. IA codes for protein type A, IB codes for protein type B, and i codes for the absence of protein. A woman with blood type A and a man with blood type AB marry and produce children. Which of the following blood types is NOT possible in their children? A. Type A B. Type B C. Type O D. Type AB E. All blood types are possible in their children
C The man has blood type AB so he has the genotype IAIB. The women has blood type A so her genotype is EITHER IAIA or IAi. Type O blood requires the homozygous recessive genotype (ii) in order to be displayed. This is the only blood type not possible in their children because only the mother possibly carries the recessive allele.
Individuals have two separate species that share an evolutionary ancester may I. have identical genetic codes II. be ale to produce viable offspring III. follow similar stages of embryological development A. I only B. II only C. III only D. I and II only E. I and III only
C Two individuals from separate species will never, ever share the same identical code, eliminated A, D, and E. Two different species are species when they can no longer mate and produce viable offspring eliminating B.
what is the ratio of phenotypes in F2 males (look at picture on sparknotes 1 test)? 1. 4:1 2. 3:1 3. 3:3:1:1 4. 4:0:4:0 5. 1:1:1:1
C calculating the ratio is simple arithmetic: divide each amount by the largest possible factor that still gives whole numbers, in this case, 20. 1/2 are wrong because they only have 4 phenotypes (there are 4) 4 is wrong because it has 0s 5 is wrong because some phenotype counts are three times as large as others
A rat in a cage flinches when a burst of noise is played over a loudspeaker. The burst is played twice an hour. Otherwise, the rat is treated normally. After one day, the rat no longer flinches when the sound is played. This is an example of A. aberrant behavior B. learned behavior C. habituation D. conditioning E. instinctual behavior
C habituation occurs when a non-harmful stimulus that would normally cause an animal to respond is repeated over and over again until the animal learns to ignore it. The scenario describe the rate and the loud noise played twice an hour fits this description
Look at the experiment in Princeton review 2. At which dose does 50% of the termite population survive? A. 15 PPM B. 20 PPM C. 25 PPM D. 30 PPM E. 35 PPM
C the experiment started with groups of 20 termites each, and 50% of that is 10 termites. The dose that allows 10 termites (or 50% of the termite population to survive is 25 PPM 2-butoxycethonal)
In dish 1, several pale shoots have started to reach downwards. This is most likely an example of 1. thigmotropism 2. negative phototropism 3. positive gravitropism 4. negative gravitropism 5. qilting
C. the shoots turn downward in the direction of gravity which is positive gravitropism (turns toward the stimulus)
Which cell organelle in Chlamydomonous is LEAST involved in transport in single-celled organisms living in pond water?
Chloroplast Transport is the process in which substances are moved into and out of cells. Mitochondria, PM and contractile vacuoles are all directly involved with active transport, which requires energy. The nucleus ultimately controls what goes on in a cell. If the nucleus of the cell is destroyed while living the cell intact, active transport ceases. Although the grana inside chloroplasts carry out light dependent reaction that release ATP, this ATP is used during the light-indendent reaction. it isn't available to be used in active transport
positive tropism
Growth towards a stimulus
Look at experiment in Princeton review In a separate experiment an auxin/gelatin block applied to only half the cut edge of the tip cause the plant to grow and eventually bend in the opposite direction. For example, if the auxin//gelatin block was applied to the left side of the cut edge, the plant grew and eventually bent toward the right. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this observation? A. Sunlight caused the plant to bend B. The plant exhibited gravitropism C. Auxin stimulated cell division on the opposite side of the plant D. Auxin stimulated cell division on the same side of the plant E. Auxin stimulated cell growth toward a light source
D Because light is not mentioned in this question, choices that have light in the answer can be eliminated (A and E). Movement toward the earth is not mentioned (so B can be eliminated). For plants to bend to the right cells, cells on the left side of the plant must grow faster than cells on the rights. For a plant to bend to the eft, the opposite must occur, cells must grow faster on the right than on the left. In the question auxin applied to half the plant causes the plant to bend in opposite direction. Bending on the right=growth on the left so auxin must stimulate growth on the same side of the plant to which it is attached
Consider this pedigree (Princeton 2): The allele causing the disorder (shaded individuals are affected) can best be described as A. autosomal dominant B. autosomal recessive C. X-Linked dominant D. X-linked recessive E. there is not enough information to determine
D First, the disorder skips a generation (the parents of affected individuals do not display the disorder) so it is recessive, and A and C can be eliminated. Furthermore, all affected individuals are male, indicating that the disorder is sex-linked so B can be eliminated. Finally, because the disease does not pass from father to son, it must be X-linked and E can be eliminated
Look at picture Princeton 2 Based off the properties of the brow ridge, jaw, and skull shape, which skull appear to be most closely related? A. 1 and 2 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 3 D. 2 and 4 E. 1 and 4
D The A. afarenis skull and the P. troglodytes skulls have the same forward-jutting jaw, the same enlarged brow ridge, and the same general skull shape
A community includes four different populations with various degrees of interbreeding. Population 1 shares genes only with Population 2. Population 2 shares genes with population I and 4. Popualtion 3 has no gene flow with other populations. Population 4 shares genes only with population 2. Which population(s) is (are) most likely to evolve after a change in its environment? A. Populations 1 and 2 B. Population 3 only C. Population 2 and 4 D. Population 2 only E. Populations 1 and 3
D The question asks which population is most likely to evolve after a change-in other words, which population can best adapt to its new environment. You should know that evolution requires genetic variability which is achieved through random mutation and exchange of genetic material with other organisms. The population that will be most likely to evolve is one in which there is the greatest genetic variability. In this case it is population 2 because it interacts with the most other populations
Based off this evidence which of those organisms share the most recent common ancestor? I. Humans and gorillas II. gorillas and chimpanzees III. humans and gibbons 1. I 2. II 3. III 4. I and II 5. I, II, and III
D both humans and chimpanzees have only a single difference with gorillas in AA sequence for beta hemoglobin. Humans and gibbons have 3 differences in in this AA sequence. gorillas shared the same common ancestor with chimpanzees as with humans.
Look at phylogenic tree in sparknotes test 1 What organism should be listed in the branch labeled E? 1. lemur 2. squirrel monkey 3. gorilla 4. gibbon 5. rhesus monkey
D evolutionary relationships can be reconstructed base upon organisms' common ancestors, or when different organism were the same. In the molecular analysis of beta hemoglobin, the differences in AA sequence represent the proximity of relation between organisms. organism with large differences in AA sequences are more distantly related. the first major division (A) is pretty obviously the lemur, which has the large difference in amino acid sequence with all the other organism. The next branch to split off is the squirrel monkey (G), then the rhesus monkey (F), the gibbon (E), the gorilla (D), and the chimpanzee and human share the closest branch (C, B)
Rank the biomes in order of lowest to highest latitude A. tundra, taiga, temperate deciduous forest, rainforest B. taiga, tundra, temperate deciduous forest, rainforest C. rainforest, temperate deciduous forest, tundra, taiga D. rainforest, temperate deciduous forest, taiga, tundra E. rainforest, taiga, tundra, temperate deciduous forest
D latitude increases from 0 degrees t the equator to 90 degrees at the North Pole. The proper ranking of biomes from lowest to highest latitudes is rainforest, temperate deciduous forest, taiga, tundra
If a farmer wants to increase the amount of nitrogen available to his plants, what should he do? I. Add nitrogen-fixing legumes to his field II. Add fertilizer to his field III. Add denitirifying bacteria A. I only B. II only C. III only D I and II only E. I, II, and III
D plants can only use nitrogen in the form of nitrates (NO3-). In order to increase the amount of nitrogen available to plants, the farmer could add nitrogen-fixing legumes which are plants that convert atmospheric nitrogen to NO3-. He could also add fertilizer. Adding denitifyin bactria would not work because they convert ammonia NH3 from waste and dead material into atmospheric nitrogen (N2)
Which of the following characteristics would most likely be associated with an ocean organism that feed exclusively on dead organic matter? A. Is exclusively unicellular B. Has a silicate shell C. Is also autotrophic D. lives in the photo zone E. Has poor eyesight
E Ocean scavengers that feed on dead organic matter generally live in the aphotic zone, the deepest regions of the ocean, where light can't penetrate. These organisms are often multicellular, are not autotrophic, and may or may not have silicate shells. One characteristic that most denizens of the aphotic zone share is poor eyesight. There is no evolutionary reason for an organism that lives in a region without light to have good eyesight.
Which of the following plants in the experiment acted as a control (Princeton 2) I. Plant 1 II. Plant 2 III. Plant 3 A. I only B. II only C. III only D. I and II only E. I, II, and III
E Option I is true because plant 1 was left in its natural state (B and C can be eliminated). Option II is also true because plant 2 is not treated with the test substance (auxin) but treated to the same conditions as the other test plants (A can be eliminated). Option III is true. Plant 3 is subjected to similar conditions as other plants but are not treated with auxin (D is eliminated)
Look at the experiment in Princeton review How could a control be created for this experiment? A. Immerse the oocytes in a non-radio labeled Frog Ringer's solution prior to fertilization B. Sample the oocytes at five-minute intervals after fertilization C. sample the oocytes at 30-minute intervals after fertilization D. divide the oocytes into two groups, immerse one group in non-radiolabeled Frog ringer's solution and one group in radiolabeled solution E. divide the oocytes into two groups, fertilize 1 group but do not actually introduce sperm into the oocytes.
E Remember that a control is subjected to everything the experimental group is, except for the item being tested. The experiment, in this case, is testing the effect of fertilization on protein synthesis. A control group should be exposed to everything the experimental group is except for actual fertilization
corpus luteum
Endocrine tissue which produces hormones, estrogen, and progesterone which prepares the uterine lining for receiving an embryo
restriction enzymes
Enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides
Refers to questions 35 and 36
In an experiment, pre-soaked bean seeds were placed in three sterile petri dishes. They were covered with tissue paper and cotton, which was subsequently wet with tap water. The dishes were closed and taped shut. Dish 1 was afffixed to the wall of a dark box with the transparent bottom facing out. Dish 2 was attached to the side of the windowsill, and Dish 3 was laid flat on the still, each with bean seeds visible. After several days, the experimenter checked the new seedlings.
Humans eat corn and other vegetables. Humans also eat beef from cattle that were corn fed. In those cases, cattle--and humans who eat cattle--both occupy which of the following trophic levels?
Primary consumers animals can occupy different trophic levels in different food chains. When cattle eat corn, they are acting as primary consumers. When humans eat beef, they are acting as secondary consumers. However, they can also eat corn and also act as primary consumers.
Refers to question 50
Red cabbage can serve as a natrual indicator--its pigments change color in response to pH levels. A student chops and boils half a red cabbage head for 10 minutes, and then strains it to obtain a purple liquid. The liquid is then cooled to room temperature and separated into beakers. The student adds various substances to each beaker and observed the changes lemon juice--2.0--pink vinegar--2.2--pink-red baking soda--8.3--blue-green
Sugar found in RNA but not in DNA
Ribose
Layer that restricts evaporation in plants A) Hair B) Epidermis C) Cuticle D) Guard Cell E) Sweat gland
Start by eliminating structures that are not layers (A, D, E). Plants have an epidermis, but the layer that restricts evaporation is the cuticle
What is true about the karyotype?
There are only 45 chromosomes and the Y chromosome is missing from this pedigree. This must of occurred as a result of a nondisjunction: 1 gamete received 22 chromosomes, while the other gamete received 24 chromosome
Where is a fragment of DNA that has been cut at certain points and will run through a gel. In which order will the DNA fragment run, beginning to the wells?
When DNA that has been cut with restirction enzymes runs through a gel, the shorter pieces run further and the larger pieces run a shorter distance. Piece 5 is the longest, then 2, then 4, then 1, then 3
How do you know how much more concentrated a substance with a pH with a number less than 7 have a greater or lower concentration of H+ ions?
by counting up by 1 and adding a 0 for each spot
negative tropism
growth away from a stimulus
glucose + galactose
lactose
glucose + fructose--->?
maltose
Which is correct about the data collected from June through August?
only one species remained constant-birds
Part of the plant that becomes the fruit
ovary the ripen ovary (after fertilization) becomes the fruit
Part of the plant that becomes the seed
ovule (after fertilization)
A plant cell is placed into a solution of 15% saline. What is true?
the cell is in a 15% solution that is hypertonic to any cell. Water will flow out of the cell into the surrounding solution, and the cell will shrink
According to the best scientific evidence about evolution, species descended from a common ancestor. What is the common theory about evolution?
the current theory is that evolution occurred by a process called punctuated equilibrium. According, to this model species diverge in spurts of relatively rapid changes instead of slowly and gradually
What does the seed contain?
the embryo and food from the growing embryo
This process (Calvin cycle) occurs in the? 1. stroma of chloroplasts 3. cytosplasm of palisade cells 3. inner membrane of mitochondira 4. nucleus 5. endoplasmic reticulum
the inner space of the chloroplast (the stroma)
identify the structure that changes to allow different amounts of light to enter the eye
the iris, the colored part of the eye, controls how much light can enter by increasing or decreasing the size of the pupil
Biome that provides most of Earth's oxygen
the marine biome produces the most food of all biomes. Because it contains a vast amount of producers, it produces the most oxygen of any biome
Given the results of this experiment what is the molarity within the potato cells?
the molarity must be somewhere between that of samples 3 and 4 because that would represent the point of equilibrium
If a solution has a pH of 2, then it has ________ moles of H+ ions per liter?
the pH is the negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration. So pH 2 means 1*10-2M, which equals 0.01M
an impulse cannot pass
the refractory period is the timer where the sodium-potassium pump returns the membrane to its resting potential. no impulse can pass at that time (time where the line dips below the graph)
When a fertilized egg implants in the uterine lining, the lining is not shed in menstruation but instead stays to support the pregnancy. What initially signals this change?
the release of hormones by the embryo. When an embryo implants into the uterine lining, it releases hCG which prolongs the life of the corpus luteum in the ovary. The corpus luteum then continues to release progesterone, and the uterine lining remains to support the developing embryo
identify the retina
the retina is located in the back of the eyeball. It absorbs light waves and sends the impulses to the brain
identify the structure that absorbs light and sends nerve impulses to the brain
the retina is located in the back of the eyeball. It absorbs light waves and sends the impulses to the brain
Biome that accounts for only 4% of the land surface but accounts for 20% of Earth's food the tropical rain forest produces the most food of any terrestrial biome. The marine biome produces the most food if you include all the biomes.
the tropical rain forest produces the most food of any terrestrial biome. The marine biome produces the most food if you include all the biomes.
A strand of Prokaryotic DNA is undergoing transcription and replication simultaneously. If 4 is adenine then D must be?
this is the area where DNA makes RNA. So the strand DEF is RNA. if 4 is adenine then D is uracil because there is no thymine in RNA
Habituation
when an animal's reaction to a repeated stimulus is lessened or disappears, so long as the stimulus does not cause any damage. This is a temporary behavior: if the stimulus is halted for a period of time and started the animal will no longer ignore it
A steep gradient of sodium and potassium ions exists at the axon membrane (on a graph)
when the membrane is at rest (resting potential), the membrane is polarized with sodium and potassium on opposite sides of the membrane (top line on graph)
