Bio Study Guide
What structural feature does glucose share with larger organic molecules, including DNA and proteins?
A basic structure, or backbone, formed by chains of carbon atoms
Human blood has a pH of 7.4. How do buffers in the blood affect the pH?
Buffers prevent small amounts of acid or base from changing the pH of blood.
What is the effect of an enzyme on the energy of a chemical reaction?
Enzymes decrease the activation energy of the reaction.
Which of these statements describes how organisms could use molecules of glucose? I. Several glucose molecules could be assembled into a larger molecule. II. Glucose molecules could be broken apart to form smaller molecules. III. The atoms of glucose molecules could be combined with other elements to form a different molecule.
I, II, and III
How does carbonic anhydrase change the reaction between carbon dioxide and water?
It decreases the activation energy.
The results of the experiment MOST STRONGLY support which conclusion about the polarity of lipid molecules?
Lipid molecules are nonpolar because they repel water molecules, which are polar.
Roger is comparing a model of a sugar molecule to a model of an amino acid. Which of the following evidence statements would be supported by the two models?
Sugars and amino acids are made of the same elements except amino acids also contain nitrogen.
After the enzyme releases a molecule of carbonic acid, what MOST LIKELY will occur next?
The enzyme will repeat its function of binding reactants and releasing carbonic acid.
Lisa is investigating a chemical reaction involving carbon compounds. Which of these results could NOT occur, according to scientific laws about chemical reactions, matter, and energy?
The mass of carbon in the products is greater than the mass of carbon in the reactants.
Household bleach has a pH between 12 and 13. From this information, which of the following BEST describes the bleach solution?
The solution is basic, meaning it has fewer hydrogen (H+) ions than hydroxide (OH- ) ions.
Which of these molecular structures could be found in a lipid, but not a carbohydrate, protein, or nucleic acid?
a long chain made only of carbon and hydrogen atoms
What functional groups will be joined together if alanine and serine molecules combine to form a single molecule?
an amino group and a carboxyl group
The results of the experiment are MOST USEFUL for explaining which of these functions of lipids in organisms?
forming a waterproof covering on feathers, leaves, and fruits
Two students are developing a computer simulation of a chemical reaction that forms amino acids. Their simulation uses colored spheres to represent atoms of different elements. It uses lines connecting the spheres to represent chemical bonds. For the simulation to be accurate, which of these features should be included?
lines that break and reform between the spheres
Which type of macromolecule has the function of storing and transmitting hereditary or genetic information?
nucleic acid
Atoms of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen are found in all biological macromolecules. Which macromolecules are made ONLY of these three elements?
the breaking of chemical bonds within the molecules of the reactants
In a chemical reaction, which event ALWAYS occurs as the reaction proceeds?
the rearrangement of electrons to break or form chemical bonds
The invention of which instrument allowed scientists to discover cells?
uses a beam of light to produce magnified images
