Bio Study Guide Ch 19

How do living organ systems "know" the appropriate temperature or water content within a system? a. living systems depend on signals from the environment to regulate these conditions b. organisms have a genetically predetermined set point that must be internally maintained c. living systems monitor positive feedback mechanisms and shut off negative feedback loops to regulate these processes d. actually, most living systems do not regulate temperature or water content, so these features typically fluctuate greatly

b

Mature female eggs develop under the control of hormones within the: a. cervix b. ovaries c. uterus d. oviduct

b

In the last few weeks of pregnancy, the level of estrogen in the woman's body rises. This increase causes: a. the fetus to develop more rapidly b. the amount of prostaglandins secreted by the placenta to decrease c. the muscles of the uterus to become more sensitive to the hormone oxytocin d. even more estrogen to be released from the pituitary gland

c

Significant weight gain and the growth of hair on the head are events that occur during which trimester of pregnancy? a. the first trimester b. the second trimester c. the third trimester d. it varies, depending on when the mother eats the most

c

Sperm that is ejaculated from the body would pass through which of the following structures last? a. the vas deferens b. the seminiferous tubules c. the penis d. the testes

c

When certain hormones are added to the uterus, they induce thickening in the cells lining its walls. Which of the following hormones is likely to be responsible for this change? a. estrodiol b. testosterone c. progesterone d. follicle-stimulating hormone

c

Which of the following forms of contraception is LEAST likely to prevent a woman from becoming pregnant? a. an intrauterine device b. birth control pills c. a male condom d. a diaphragm

c

Which of the following is a collection of organs? a. bone, tendons, and fat b. reproductive, immune, and integumentary c. heart, lungs, and liver d. neurons, smooth muscle, and skin

c

Which of the following methods of reproduction is NOT used by animals? a. sexual reproduction involving sperm and eggs b. asexual reproduction involving only one animal c. asexual reproduction involving sperm and eggs d. a piece of an animal breaking off and growing into a new individual

c

Which of the following statements about negative feedback is true? a. negative feedback stops a process before it reaches its set point b. negative feedback determines what the set point of a process should be c. negative feedback slows down or shuts off a process when a set point is reached d. negative feedback prevents positive feedback

c

Which of the following would be found in the oviduct immediately after fertilization? a. an embryo b. an ovum c. a zygote d. a spermatocyte

c

Your friend Tula, who is pregnant, learns that you are studying biology and tries to quiz you about your knowledge of pregnancy. She tells you that her baby has just started kicking, and she asks you to guess how far along she is. Based on your understanding of life in the womb, you would answer that she is about ________ month(s) pregnant. a. 1 b. 3 c. 5 d. 7

c

Insulin is a protein hormone that helps cells use glucose. In type 1 diabetes, insulin-making cells in the pancreas are attacked and destroyed. This is an example of: a. the digestive, circulatory, and excretory systems affecting one another b. the importance of only one system being needed to perform a function c. the importance of the excretory system in removing wastes and other toxins from the body d. the endocrine, digestive, circulatory, and immune systems affecting one another

d

Some organisms switch from male to female, or vice versa. The most likely reason for the change is the: a. loss of reproductive ability b. loss of chromosomes from one year to the next c. ability to reproduce asexually versus sexually d. availability of environmental resources

d

The number of chromosomes in secondary spermatocytes is fewer than in primary spermatocytes because: a. sister chromatids are separated during meiosis II b. sister chromatids are separated during meiosis I c. homologous pairs are separated during meiosis II d. homologous pairs are separated during meiosis I

d

Which of the following is a product of the first round of meiosis in males? a. primary oocyte b. sperm c. first polar body d. secondary spermatocytes

d

Which of the following sequences places spermatogenesis in the correct order from start to finish? a. sperm, primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocytes, diploid precursor cell b. diploid precursor cell, secondary spermatocytes, primary spermatocyte, sperm c. primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte, diploid precursor cell, sperm d. diploid precursor cell, primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte, sperm

d

Which of the following statements about human sperm and eggs is correct? a. sperm are visible to the eye, whereas eggs are microscopic b. a woman's supply of eggs is limitless c. eggs have twice as much genetic information as sperm have d. sperm are much smaller than eggs

d

Which of the following statements accurately describes similarities between asexual and sexual reproduction in animals? a. both processes increase genetic variation in offspring b. both forms of reproduction produce offspring that have double the amount of genetic information of the parent(s) c. both asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction rely on parental chromosomes to mix in new ways d. both processes generate offspring that carry parental genes

d

Which of the following statements accurately distinguishes tissues from organs? a. organs consist of cells, whereas tissues do not b. organs are limited to one location in the human body, whereas most tissues move throughout the body c. each organ performs multiple functions, whereas a designated tissue performs only one function d. organs consist of multiple tissue types, whereas tissues consist of one or more cell types

d

Disruptions to the development of a zygote can happen at any time during pregnancy. Which of the following would be the most vulnerable time period in the development of a zygote/fetus/embryo? a. the first week b. the twentieth week c. the thirtieth week d. the fortieth week

a

When is fetal development initiated? a. at the establishment of organ systems b. at the beginning of a heartbeat c. when the baby's sex is determined d. when hair begins to grow on the baby's body

a

Which of the following is a type of epithelial tissue? a. skin b. tendons c. bone d. neurons

a

Which of the following sequences places the direction traveled by an egg in the correct order? a. ovary, oviduct, uterus, vagina b. oviduct, uterus, ovary, vagina c. uterus, ovary, oviduct, vagina d. vagina, uterus, ovary, oviduct

a

Which of the following statements about hermaphrodites is true? a. they can mate with every individual of the same species that they encounter b. they can generally fertilize their own eggs c. they have either testes or ovaries d. most animals reproduce using hermaphroditic reproduction

a

Which of the following terms describes how the male sperm and female egg typically fuse in animals? a. internal fertilization b. hormonal contraception c. spermatogenesis d. hermaphroditism

a

Which structure in the male reproductive tract has a function similar to that of the female fallopian tubes? a. the vas deferens b. the seminiferous tubules c. the penis d. the testes

a

By the end of a normal first trimester, the zygote: a. has not yet developed visible limbs b. has developed recognizable arms and legs c. has reached its birth length d. has gained about 50% of its birth weight

b

During gestation, human development is divided into several stages called: a. semesters b. trimesters c. conceptions d. gestations

b

For homework, your instructor asks you to write a paragraph discussing how the mouth, stomach, and small intestines work together to process food items and provide nutrients to the body. Which level of biological organization are you studying? a. tissues b. organ systems c. cells d. organs

b

After about an hour of basking in the sun, the body temperature of the marine iguana reaches 37 C, and the animal dives into the water to feed. In the water, its body temperature rapidly drops, and the iguana must return to the rocks to warm up. This process is an example of: a. tissue shock b. negative feedback c. set point control d. positive feedback

b

A human female has a diploid chromosome number of 46 (2n=46). Based on this information, which of the following cells is NOT properly matched with its chromosome number? a. diploid precursor cell: 46 chromosome b. egg: 23 chromosomes c. secondary oocyte: 46 chromosomes d. first polar body: 23 chromosomes

c

During blood clotting, a broken blood vessel triggers a cascade of factors that collectively reduce blood loss. In this example, the clotting factors are functioning as part of: a. thermoregulation b. a negative feedback loop c. osmoregulation d. a positive feedback loop

d

The human embryo develops in a fluid-filled sac called: a. uterus b. placenta c. umbilical cord d. amnoin

d

Some species of fish that live in the cold waters of the Arctic Ocean have evolved an "antifreeze" protein. Why might this protein be important to homeostasis? a. the protein might be involved in transporting water into fish cells during cold weather. The more water in the cell, the smaller the chance that ice crystals would form inside it b. the protein might prevent ice crystals from forming inside fish cells, which would prevent damage to the plasma membrane when temperatures are low c. the protein might be involved in removing solutes from fish cells during cold weather. With fewer solutes in the cell, essential chemical reactions are more likely to occur d. the protein might allow this species of fish to survive global warming by enabling the fish to carry out chemical reactions that would normally be prevented by warm temperatures

b

The contraceptive method that seals the female oviduct is: a. the intrauterine device b. female sterilization c. the diaphragm d. the female condom

b

Which of the following forms of contraception is chemical in nature? a. a female condom b. birth control pills c. a contraceptive sponge d. sterilization

b

Which of the following hormones is partially responsible for initiating labor contractions? a. luteinizing hormone b. oxytocin c. testosterone d. progesterone

b

Which of the following statements about sexual reproduction in animals is true? a. only one parent contributes genes to the offspring b. both parents contribute genes to the offspring c. the offspring are identical to their parents d. only one parent is needed to produce offspring

b

Which of the following statements distinguishes gamete formation in human males from gamete formation in human females? a. human males have a shorter reproductive lifespan than human females b. human males make sperm throughout their lives, beginning at puberty, whereas females are born with all eggs that may be fertilized c. human males produce gametes in the gonads, whereas human females produce eggs in the gut d. human males make two polar bodies during spermatogenesis, whereas human females do not

b