bio study

Which of the following statements comparing photosynthesis and cellular respiration is accurate?

Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration require electron transport chains

Is the burning of wood most representative of anabolism or catabolism? Defend your answer.

Catabolic because it breaks down

Which process only occurs under anaerobic conditions

Fermentation

The tiny, stringlike structures in cells that contain genes are known as a. chromosomes c. chromophores b. cytochromes d. oocytes

a. chromosomes

Enzymes are

biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions

What type of reactions release energy by breaking down complex molecules?

catabolic

In the process of carbon fixation,

inorganic carbon atoms from carbon dioxide are captured and turned into sugar in the form of glucose

In a human cell,

nearly all chemical reactions are catalyzed by enzymes.

A mutation in a plant cell produces rubisco enzymes, which can only bind O2 (and not CO2). What would be the outcome of this mutation?

A plant will die because it can't make sugar, which is food.

Which of these molecules carries the most energy? a. NAD+ c. NADH b. ADP d. ATP

ATP

What would be the initial outcome of decreasing the number of photosynthetic organisms on Earth with no change in the number of organisms using cellular respiration?

Carbon dioxide levels would increase.

Which of the following differentiates meiosis from mitosis? a. Mitosis occurs in prokaryotic cells, whereas meiosis occurs in eukaryotic cells. b. In mitosis four identical daughter cells are produced, whereas two genetically different cells are produced in meiosis. c. Meiosis is a form of asexual division, whereas mitosis is a form of sexual division. d. Mitosis is used for the repair of cells, whereas meiosis creates cells for sexual reproduction.

Mitosis is used for the repair of cells, whereas meiosis creates cells for sexual reproduction.

Two students are discussing the importance of glycolysis in human cells. One student states that the main function of glycolysis is to produce ATP. The other states that the main function is to produce NADH. Which student is correct?

NADH student is correct.

The Krebs cycle produces

NADH, ATP, and FADH2.

What products are produced by the light reactions of photosynthesis? Of these products, which are by-products that are released to the atmosphere? Which products are used within the Calvin cycle?

NADPH, ATP, and Oxygen, and the oxygen gets released into the atmosphere. and products that are used in the calvin cycle is ATP and NADPH.

According to the image below, during which phase of the cell cycle does the cell increase in size in preparation for division? a. Region 2 c. Region 3 b. Region 4 d. Region 1

Region 2

Plants and animals use different energy storage molecules, yet they both use the same mechanism to "burn" their stored energy. How can plants and animals both be successful, even though they "burn" different energy storage molecules?

The breaking of the chemical bonds of a storage molecule transfers energy, no matter what molecule is stored.

A hypothetical chemical forms a permanent bond between the phosphates in ATP. How would this affect the cell?

The cell would die because ATP is our source of energy, the last phosphate is what breaks and if it can't break then we don't have energy.

Which of the following is a similarity between photosynthesis and respiration?

They are both metabolic processes.

Why does fermentation occur?

To keep glycolysis and the production of ATP going

Binary fission is a. a type of cell division used specifically by prokaryotes to reproduce their chromosomes and divide their cells b. a way of dividing somatic cells c. a way of splitting gametes in two d. one method of dividing the eukaryotic chromosomes and cells

a type of cell division used specifically by prokaryotes to reproduce their chromosomes and divide their cells

The processes of mitosis, meiosis, and binary fission all a. are used to produce daughter cells. b. occur in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. c. generate clones. d. generate haploid gametes.

a. are used to produce daughter cells.

Homologous chromosomes a. consist of a maternal and paternal copy of each chromosome. b. consist of six sister chromatids that are held together at the centrosome. c. are only found in bacterial cells. d. are only in the cell during S phase.

a. consist of a maternal and paternal copy of each chromosome.

A pool of cells is treated with a chemical that halts progress through the cell cycle. In which stage of the cell cycle would most cells be found? a. interphase c. metaphase b. anaphase d. cytokinesis

a. interphase

The outcome of meiosis is the a. production of eggs and sperm. b. creation of genetically identical offspring. c. regulation of the progression through the cell cycle. d. protection of cells from cancer.

a. production of eggs and sperm.

Chlorophyll is a green pigment in plants that specializes in

absorbing light energy

The location on an enzyme where substrates bind is known as the

active site

Most single-celled organisms produce offspring through the process of a. meiosis c. asexual reproduction b. sexual reproduction d. mitosis

asexual reproduction

The circle near the center of the replicated chromosome below represents a a. chromatid. c. centriole. b. centromere. d. homologous chromosome.

b. centromere.

Which of the following is a difference between binary fission and mitosis? a. increase in cytoplasmic factors b. replication of the genetic material c. breakdown of the nuclear envelope d. cell growth and expansion

c. breakdown of the nuclear envelope

Which of the following pairs of processes encompasses the entire cell cycle? a. G1 phase and mitosis b. interphase and metaphase c. cell division and interphase d. G1 phase and G2 phase

cell division and interphase

The reaction sugar + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + ATP is part of

cellular respiration.

Metabolic pathways are

chains of linked chemical reactions

Which of the following statements about cell division is correct? a. It is no longer necessary once an organism reaches maturity. b. It occurs in two sequential stages in all cells: mitosis and meiosis. c. It is the process by which fertilization occurs. d. It is the process by which organisms grow and maintain their tissues.

d. It is the process by which organisms grow and maintain their tissues.

Some daughter cells are described as clones. For this description to be appropriate, the daughter cells must a. have been produced by meiotic cell division. b. show the same differentiation characteristics as the parent cell. c. separate from one another and experience an independent existence. d. contain a set of DNA that is identical to that of the parent cell.

d. contain a set of DNA that is identical to that of the parent cell.

Organisms that are anaerobic

do not use oxygen for metabolic processes

Enzymes can catalyze a reaction only if they

encounter a substrate that fits their active site.

The first law of thermodynamics states that

energy cannot be created nor destroyed.

Which step of cellular respiration occurs outside the mitochondria?

glycolysis

A given enzyme

has a special site where the products bind before the reaction begins.

After an enzyme catalyzes a reaction there is a(n) ________ in the concentration of

increase; products

Which of the following events in a cell would require ATP?

linking together amino acids to form a protein

If the mitochondria of a cell did not produce an inner membrane, the mitochondria would be unable to

maintain the proton gradient required for ATP production.

All the chemical reactions that occur inside living cells, including those that store or release energy are described by the term

metabolism

Carbon dioxide is one product of a metabolic process, which occurs in both plants and animals. This process is called

respiration.

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are both complementary and relatively balanced, but early history of life on Earth showed increasing oxygen concentrations. This indicates that

the amount of photosynthesis occurring exceeded the amount of cellular respiration.

In the process of cellular respiration

the cell breaks down sugars to obtain energy for the cell

The events of the Calvin cycle

use ATP and NADPH to produce sugars.