Bio Test 2

Macronutrients are defined as those elements: A. required in certain relative amounts in the plant. B. usually needed, but not always available. C. required in relatively large amounts. D. only taken up through the soil.

C. required in relatively large amounts.

A plant's ability to absorb carbon dioxide is reduced when: A. water is plentiful. B. temperatures are cold. C. stomata are closed. D. the epidermis is lacking.

C. stomata are closed.

When guard cells are ________ a stomatal pore opens between them. A. flaccid B. overextended C. turgid D. solute depleted

C. turgid

The only triploid stage in the life cycle of a flowering plant is the: A. zygote. B. embryo. C. endosperm. D. egg.

C. endosperm.

Which of the following produce tissues that lengthen the tips of shoot and roots A. Apical meristem B. lateral meristem C. Intercalary meristem D. None of the above

A. Apical meristem

What phyla of animals has the greatest number of species? A. Arthropoda B. Chordata C. Mollusca D. Annelida

A. Arthropoda

Suppose you discover a new species of animal that does not have body segments, but has bilateral symmetry, and is cephalized. Under the molecular phylogenetic scheme, you would allocate it to which phylum? A. Mollusca B. Echinodermata C. Nematoda D. Platyhelminthes

A. Mollusca

Which of the following are the sugar-conducting cells of plants? A. Phloem B. Xylem C. Parenchyma D. Collenchyma

A. Phloem

Which of the following correctly describes the fate of the embryonic germ layers? A. The endoderm forms the gut, the ectoderm forms the epidermis and parts of the nervous system, and the mesoderm forms muscles and most internal organs. B. The endoderm forms the gut, the ectoderm forms the reproductive tract and endocrine system, and the mesoderm forms muscles and most internal organs. C. The endoderm forms the inner part of all internal organs, the mesoderm forms the middle parts, and the ectoderm forms the outer coverings. D. The layers are sequential structures that all disappear during development, with the endoderm appearing first and then is replaced by the mesoderm, which in turn is supplanted by the ectoderm.

A. The endoderm forms the gut, the ectoderm forms the epidermis and parts of the nervous system, and the mesoderm forms muscles and most internal organs.

Members of the class Arachnida have A. a cephalothorax and abdomen. B. antennae. C. mandibles. D. five pairs of walking legs.

A. a cephalothorax and abdomen.

In mammalian defenses against invading pathogens, all of these are considered nonspecific defense mechanisms EXCEPT A. acquired immunity. B. the skin. C. mucous membranes. D. the inflammatory response.

A. acquired immunity.

Which one of the following is NOT considered to be one of the macronutrients needed by plants? A. manganese B. sulfur C. phosphorus D. nitrogen

A. manganese

What was a major morphological criterion on which traditional classification of animals was based? A. presence or absence of a true body cavity B. presence or absence of specialized cells C. presence or absence of genetic material D. presence or absence of cell wall

A. presence or absence of a true body cavity

In phloem, bulk flow occurs from regions of high to low ________ concentration. A. solute B. mineral C. water D. cytosol

A. solute

The counteracting effects of _______ and _________ is called apical dominance A. Ethylene; auxin B. Auxin; cytokinin C. Auxin; Giberellin D. Cytokinin; Gibberelin

B. Auxin; cytokinin

Humoral immunity is mostly the function of A. cytotoxic T cells. B. B cells. C. MHC I. D. complement cells.

B. B cells.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the gametophyte stage of the flowering plant? A. Haploid B. Diploid C. Gamete producing D. Dependent on the sporophyte

B. Diploid

Which of the following is the advantage that plants in arid habitats experience when they keep their stoma closed during hot daytime hours? A. It prevents loss of CO2. B. It helps to conserve water. C. It brings minerals up the plant. D. It prevents sugar transport to the guard cells.

B. It helps to conserve water.

If you conducted an experiment in which you took a complete animal that had no germ layers and strained it through a fine-mesh cloth so that all its cells separated, then you placed all the cells together and they reunited to form a new animal, to which phylum would that animal likely belong? (This was an actual experiment.) A. Platyhelminthes B. Porifera C. Ctenophora D. Nematoda

B. Porifera

Transpiration water loss occurs mostly through which of the following structures? A. Pores B. Stomata C. Epidermal cells D. Exterior pores

B. Stomata

If a guard cell expressed a potassium channel that constantly pumped potassium into the cell, what would be the effect on the stomata? A. Stomata would function normally. B. Stomata would be always open. C. Stomata would be always closed. D. Stomata would open and close at random.

B. Stomata would be always open.

Cephalization is A. embryonic development of the head in advance of the rest of the body. B. concentration of the sensory organs on the posterior end of the body. C. concentration of the sensory organs on the anterior end of the body. D. an evolutionary degeneration of the head as seen in some parasites.

C. concentration of the sensory organs on the anterior end of the body.

Differentiate between Parazoa and Eumetazoa. A. Parazoa have only one kind of cell during their life cycle whereas Eumetazoa have many kinds of cells throughout their life cycle. B. The various cells types of Parazoa do not form permanent associations into tissues during their life cycle, whereas Eumetazoa possess true, stable tissues. C. Parazoans are only haploid during their life cycle, whereas eumetazoans are diploid with haploid sex cells at various stages of their life cycle. D. Parazoans invert during their development whereas eumetazoans do not invert at any time during their life cycle. E. Parazoans have mobile gametes while eumetazoans do not.

B. The various cells types of Parazoa do not form permanent associations into tissues during their life cycle, whereas Eumetazoa possess true, stable tissues.

Bilateria are characterized by A. a plane of symmetry that forms many mirror images around a plane in the midline of the body. B. a plane of symmetry that forms mirror images around a plane in the midline creating two equal halves. C. a plane of symmetry around a transverse plane across the center of the body so that the front and back halves are mirror images. D. a plane of symmetry that forms mirror images around an oblique plane in the midline.

B. a plane of symmetry that forms mirror images around a plane in the midline creating two equal halves.

One difference between sieve-tube cells and vessels is that sieve-tube cells are _______, but vessels are dead. A. hollow B. alive C. nucleated D. more spherical

B. alive

Germ layers are A. layers infected with bacteria. B. embryonic layers with different developmental potentials. C. layers of cells surrounding the egg prior to fertilization. D. colonial protists arranged in layers.

B. embryonic layers with different developmental potentials.

The main difference between the life cycle of mosses versus flowering plants is: A. mosses only have one multicellular life cycle stage, whereas flowering plants have 2. B. in moss the dominant life cycle stage is the gametophyte, whereas in flowering plants the dominant life cycle stage is the sporophyte. C. moss sporophytes are photosynthetic and flowering plant sporophytes are not. D. flowering plants undergo the alternation of generations and mosses do not.

B. in moss the dominant life cycle stage is the gametophyte, whereas in flowering plants the dominant life cycle stage is the sporophyte.

The protection provided through transfer of antibodies from mother to fetus is an example of A. active immunity. B. passive immunity. C. cell-mediated immunity. D. clonal selection.

B. passive immunity.

The conducting tissue found in vascular plants that functions in transportation of materials throughout the plant, but does not lend structural support to the stem is A. xylem B. phloem C. sporopollenin D. endosperm

B. phloem

The cohesion-tension theory explains the role of ________ in long-distance water transport. A. membranes B. transpiration C. sap movement D. plasmodesmata

B. transpiration

A farmer decides to control the excessive growth of grasses. He decided to use a fertilizer that has A. Abcissic acid B. Gibberelin C. Auxin D. Ethylene

C. Auxin

The male reproductive part of a flowering plant is the A. Calyx B. Corolla C. Stamen D. Carpel

C. Stamen

Where would one find the leaf axillary bud? A. in the internode of the stem B. near the terminal bud C. between the leaf petiole and the stem D. between the leaf petiole and the leaf blade

C. between the leaf petiole and the stem

One method plants use to obtain phosphorus when it is in limited supply is: A. by roots adhering to soil particles. B. by roots growing deeper in the ground. C. by roots associating with certain fungi. D. by roots using passive uptake methods.

C. by roots associating with certain fungi.

Which one of the following animals has a gastrovascular cavity? A. Jellyfish B. Sea anemone C. Hydra D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Gaseous exchange in gastropods may involve A. gills. B. mantle cavity. C. mantle. D. All of the choices are correct

D. All of the choices are correct

. All of the following are components of nonspecific immunity EXCEPT A. skin. B. phagocytes. C. complement. D. B cells.

D. B cells.

The allergic response is primarily mediated by _____ antibodies. A. IgG B. IgM C. IgA D. IgE

D. IgE

Which one of the following animals does not belong to the phylum arthropoda? A. Spider B. Scorpion C. lobster D. Octopus

D. Octopus

Which of the following events must occur before fertilization can happen? A. Double meiosis B. Mitosis C. Haploidization D. Pollination

D. Pollination

_________ is a characteristic of the early stages of a local inflammation response. A. Arteriole constriction B. Fever C. Attack by cytotoxic T cells D. Release of histamines

D. Release of histamines

Which of the following animals possess a vascular water system? A. Sponges B. Hydra C. Jellyfish D. Starfish

D. Starfish

Which of the following are the water conducting cells of the xylem? A. Tracheids and parenchyma B. Vessels and parenchyma C. Sieve tubes and tracheids D. Vessels and tracheids

D. Vessels and tracheids

Mycorrhizal association with plant roots is best described as: A. detrimental to the roots. B. only a temporary association dependent on water uptake. C. a symbiotic relationship between the plant and certain bacteria. D. a fungus root interrelationship.

D. a fungus root interrelationship.

Which of the following plant hormones stimulates development of an abscission zone in the leaf petiole? A. ethanol B. gibberellins C. abscisic acid D. ethylene

D. ethylene

A turgid plant cell is one that: A. lacks a cell wall. B. has an extra cell wall layer. C. lacks cytosol. D. has excess water in its cytosol.

D. has excess water in its cytosol.

The mesophyll of the leaf A. is located between the leaf veins. B. is the vascular tissue. C. is the dermal tissue. D. is the ground tissue.

D. is the ground tissue.

The main form(s) of nitrogen taken up by plant roots and useful to plants is/are: A. N-N. B. nitrite. C. nitrite and nitrate. D. nitrate and ammonia.

D. nitrate and ammonia.

. Most plants absorb water and minerals from the _______ and transport them through the _______. A. atmosphere; xylem B. atmosphere; phloem C. soil; phloem D. soil; xylem

D. soil; xylem

Calcareous or siliceous elements of the sponge body wall provide support. These elements are called A. amoebocytes. B. pinacocytes. C. choanocytes. D. spicules.

D. spicules.