Bio test #3

the anterior pituitary gland produces all the following except which one?

ADH

viral infections can usually be treated with antibiotics. T/F

F

the pituitary gland is often called the "master of the endocrine system" because

It secretes eight different hormones that in turn regulate many of the other endocrine glands.

which one of the following blood types can a person with blood type B safely receive in a blood transfusion?

O

Foreign cells that enter the human body have unique cell surface proteins, known as ________, which stimulate the body's defense to attack.

antigens

blood pressure is highest in

arteries

during the formation of a blood clot, conversion of prothrombin into the enzyme thrombin requires

calcium ions

Arthrosclerosis is a condition that results in a thickening of arterial walls due to buildup of fatty deposits containing

cholesterol

which of the following are proteins in the blood that can be activated to lyse bacterial cells, mark other bacterial cells for destruction , and enhance inflammation?

complement

which one of the following enables T helper cells to stimulate and activate other cells of the immune response?

cytokines

which one the following would result in passive immunity?

movement of antibodies across the placenta from mother to child

When comparing viruses and bacteria, which one of the following statements is CORRECT?

viruses and bacteria both contain genetic material

Albumin, alpha globulin, beta globulin, and gamma globulin are all examples of

white blood cells

which one of the following components of blood increase in number in response to the presence of a an infectious agent?

white blood cells

Hemoglobin binds oxygen most efficiently in areas of the body where the pH is low and the concentration of carbon dioxide is high. T/F

F

which of the following hormones stimulates the production of testosterone in males?

LH

mature red blood cells have no nucleus or mitochondria. T/F

T

steroid hormones typically move across the cell and nuclear membranes to bind to receptors in the nucleus. T/F

T

the bubonic plague epidemic that swept through Europe between 1348 and 1350 A.D was induced by a(n)

bacterium

Uptake of blood glucose by liver cells is stimulated by

glucagon

the Epstein-barr virus induce a contagious infection of lymphocytes referred to as

mononucleosis

Unlike white blood cells, red blood cells lose their ________ and ________ as they mature.

nucleus; organelles

During cytotoxic T cell attack of a target cell, which one of the following is released to pierce the cell membrane of the foreign cell, which ultimately kills the target cell?

perforin

Dead and injured white blood cells are removed from circulation by the

spleen

deoxygenated blood always flows

toward the right atrium

When oxytocin is released during childbirth, the hormone targets cells in the

uterus

Which one type of cells is responsible for producing and releasing antibodies?

B lymphocytes

Insulin helps regulate blood sugar levels by stimulating the release of glucose from glycogen stores. T/F

F

artificial hearts are used routinely today to replace damaged hearts when a donor heart is not available for transplant. T/F

F

FSH is a hormone important to the proper functioning of the ovaries and testes. This hormone will not be released from the anterior pituitary until ________ is released from the hypothalamus.

GnRH

antibodies are classified by size, location, and function, and which one of the following represents the most common type of immunoglobulin?

IgC

which of the following classes of antibodies activates the inflammatory response by causing the release of histamine?

IgE

One role of MHC proteins is that they serve as self markers to the human immune system. T/F

T

all veins carry deoxygenated blood. T/F

T

bacterial pathogen cause symptoms of a disease by invading host cells or by producing toxins that damage host cells. T/F

T

every hormone in the human body needs to interact with an appropriate receptor on the target cell's membrane before it can cause a response. T/F

T

Thyroxine is released from the thyroid gland in response to the presence of

TSH

All of the following are involved in the inflammatory response EXCEPT

antibodies

Vaccine contain

antigens of the pathogen

a goiter results from low dietary iodine levels

because thyroxine cannot be made, which results in high levels of TSH

Nonsteroid hormones differ from steroid hormones in that they

bind to a receptor on the outer surface of the cell membrane

which one of the following plays the most significant role in regulating the distribution of blood into tissues?

capillaries

which of the following is associated with the specific defenses of the body?

cell-mediated immunity

fluid the lymphatic system, as well as interstitial fluid, is

derived from blood plasma

Hyposecretion of ADH results in

diabetes insipidus

Ebola virus can be transmitted via

direct contact with bodily fluids of an infected person.

insufficient production of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary may result in

dwarfism

which of the following leukocytes is most likely to be directly involved in the destruction of flukes (a parasitic flatworm)?

eosinophils

The ovaries of women function as endocrine organs by producing

estrogen and progesterone

a physician finds that one of his patients has the following problems: blood clots very slowly or not at all, and severe bruises result from even the most minor bumps. Which one of the following conditions would likely be diagnosed based on this information?

hemophilia

An increased risk for cardiovascular health problems is associated with

high blood levels of LDLs

which one of the following is a symptom of a heart attack?

intense chest pain

which one of the following is required in the diet in order for active thyroid hormones to be produced?

iodine

eosinophils are especially important in defending the human body from infection by

large parasites

a researcher wants to produce antibodies by growing cells in the laboratory. What cell population would be necessary to accomplish that?

lymphocytes

which one of the following formed elements in the blood is not a cell but is actually a fragment of a cell?

platelet

Insulin helps regulate blood sugar at homeostatic levels by

promoting the entry of glucose into cells

which one of the following nonhormonal chemical messengers is important in local control of blood flow and blood clotting?

prostaglandins

which one the following blood vessels transports oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

pulmonary vein

Removal of the heme group from hemoglobin would result in

red blood cells not being able to bind oxygen

When the hormone erythropoietin is released in response to low oxygen levels, where is it transported to stimulate red blood cell production?

red bone marrow

which one of the following causes the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla?

sympathetic nerves

which one of the following is TRUE regarding the lymphatic system?

the lymphatic system removes microorganisms from body fluid

which one of the following is a correct statement? a. veins are more distensible than arteries b. veins carry blood the capillaries of the body. c. veins have a smaller lumen than arteries d. the walls of veins are made up of two distinct layers of tissues. e. blood pressure is higher in veins than in arteries since blood must be returned to the heart.

veins are most distensible than arteries

the atrioventricular valves are closed when the

ventricles contract