BIO163 L: Practicum 1
What is the average lifespan of a red blood cell? How does its anucleate condition affect this life span?
100-120 days. When the RBC's ATP reserves have been exhausted, the membrane begins to fragment. Without DNA to direct mRNA synthesis, needed enzymes cannot be made.
What is the blood volume of an average-sized adult female?
4-5 L
What is the blood volume of an average-sized adult male?
5-6 L
What is an anticoagulant?
A substance that inhibits blood clotting
If your blood agglutinates with anti-A but not anti-B sera, your ABO blood type would be
AB
Least common blood type
AB
To what ABO blood ABO groups could you donate blood?
AB
From which ABO donor types could you receive blood?
AB, B, A
At what structure in the transmission sequence is the impulse temporarily delayed? Why?
AV node. Allows completion of atrial contraction before initiation of ventricular systole.
Considering their functional differences, why do you think the walls of arteries are proportionately thicker than those of the corresponding veins?
Arteries must withstand high pressure and pressure fluctuations. Veins are low pressure vessels
Elastic (conducting) arteries
Expand and recoil for continuous blood flow
What determines whether blood is bright red or a dull brick red?
Its degree of oxygenation. The more oxygen it carries, the brighter red it is.
Describe the role of the systemic circuit.
Moves blood out of the left side of the heart through the body and returns it to the right side of the heart. Provides supply of oxygen and nutrients to the body's tissues.
Describe the role of the pulmonary circuit.
Moves blood out of the right side of the heart through the lungs and returns to the left side of the heart. Function is gas exchange.
What ABO blood type is most common?
O
What blood type is the universal donor?
O negative
Define ECG.
Recording of electrical changes occuring during heart activity.
Transports oxygen
Red blood cell
List the formed elements present in the blood
Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
List the elements of the intrinsic conduction system in order, starting from the SA node
SA node → AV node → AV bundle (bundle of His) → left and right bundle branches → subendocardial conducting network (Purkinje fibers)
Which valves are anchored by chordae tendineae
The AV valves (tricuspid and bicuspid/mitral)
Define formed elements
The formed elements are cells, cell remnants and cell fragments in the blood.
Which valves close when the cusps fill with blood?
The semilunar valves (pulmonary and aortic)
Describe the consistency and color of the plasma you observed in the laboratory.
Viscous and sticky; straw colored.
Muscular (distributing) arteries
ability to constrict and less stretchable
Condition of too few RBCs or of RBCs with hemoglobin deficiencies
anemia
P wave
atrial depolarization
Identify the leukocytes shown in the photomicrographs below
basophil
Releases histamine, promotes inflammation
basophil
ventricles
discharging chambers of the heart
coronary sinus
drains blood into the right atrium
Identify the leukocytes shown in the photomicrographs below
eosinophil
Involved in destroying parasitic worms
eosinophil
The five types of white blood cells
eosinophil, basophil, monocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte
Granulocytes (3)
eosinophil, basophil, neutrophil
foramen ovale becomes
fossa ovalis
tachycardia
heart rate above 100 bpm
Bradycardia
heart rate below 60 bpm
myocardium
layer composed of cardiac muscle
Abnormal increase in the number of WBCs
leukocytosis
Abnormal decrease in the number of WBCs
leukopenia
ductus arteriosus becomes
ligamentum arteriosum
umbilical vein becomes
ligamentum teres
ductus venosus becomes
ligamentum venosum
endocardium
lining of the heart chambers
mediastinum
location of the heart in the thorax
produces antibodies
lymphocyte
umbilical arteries becomes
median umbilical ligaments
precursor cell of platelets
megakaryocytes
tunica media
middle layer, smooth muscle and elastic fibers
Exits a blood vessel to develop into a macrophage
monocyte
Identify the leukocytes shown in the photomicrographs below
monocyte
agranulocytes
monocyte, lymphocyte
Also called an erythrocyte; anucleate formed element
monocyte; neutrophil, eosinophil.
Identify the leukocytes shown in the photomicrographs below
neutrophil
Most numerous leukocyte
neutrophil
tunica externa (adventitia)
outermost; loose connective tissue; thickest layer in veins
primarily water, noncellular,; the fluid matrix of the blood
plasma
Cell fragments
platelets
Abnormal increase in the number of RBCs
polycythemia
Capillaries
provide for the exchange of materials
coronary arteries
provide nutrient blood to the heart muscle
semilunar valves
pulmonary and aortic valves
atria
receiving chambers of the heart
Arterioles
regulating blood flow to specific areas of the body
Name two events occurring within the body that aid in venous return
skeletal muscle pump and changes in thoracic cavity pressure during breathing.
Identify the leukocytes shown in the photomicrographs below
small lymphocyte
Name the three vessels that deliver oxygen-poor blood to the right atrium
the coronary sinus, superior and inferior vena cava.
tunica intima
the innermost layer of a blood vessel (endothelium)
atrioventricular valves
tricuspid and bicuspid valves
QRS complex
ventricular depolarization
T wave
ventricular repolarization
fibrillation
very rapid uncoordinated myocardial activity
brachiocephalic
vessel that is paired in the venous system, but only a single vessel is present in the arterial system.
epicardium
visceral pericardium
