Bio172 TopHat Questions Section 2
Which of the following is not a monophyletic group of animals? (A) Opisthokonta (B) Bilateria (C) Cnidaria (D) Ctenophora (E) Porifera
(A) Opisthokonta
You notice an animal with a body divided into two main parts (cephalothorax and abdomen). The organism lacks antennae. It must belong to which group? A Chelicerata B Myriapoda C Crustacea D Hexapoda E none of the above
A Chelicerata
Which are the two main clades of living amniotes? A Diapsids and synapsids B Sauropsids and anapsids C Lepidosaurs and archosaurs D Tetrapods and anapods E Chorion and alantois
A Diapsids and synapsids
Which animal group undergoes a unique twisting and rotation process during development, bringing the anal opening forward and over the head? A Gastropoda B Cephalopoda C Polyplacophora D Bivalvia E none of the above
A Gastropoda
Which of the following is true? A Old World monkeys appear to have reached tropical America around 40 mya by drifting on log rafts, or perhaps a land bridge, leading to the evolution of New World monkeys B New World monkeys appear to have arrived in Africa from South America around 40 mya, where they subsequently outcompeted resident Old World monkeys and drove most of them to extinction C New World monkeys are not arboreal D Old World monkeys are not arboreal E Old World and New World monkeys are both considered to be prosimians
A Old World monkeys appear to have reached tropical America around 40 mya by drifting on log rafts, or perhaps a land bridge, leading to the evolution of New World monkeys
Which of the following is true of the cardiac cycle in mammals? A The left and right atria contract at the same time B The relaxation phase where blood fills the heart is called systole C The aorta transports blood to the lungs D Blood flows from the ventricles to the atria E The left and right ventricles need to contract with the same amount of force
A The left and right atria contract at the same time
The function of the spleen is most analogous to the function of A a lymph node B the pancreas C the gall bladder D the hypothalamus E the adrenal gland
A a lymph node
Certain soluble anti-microbial proteins from the complement system in mammals and similar anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) produced by all multi-cellular organisms A are an important component of the innate immune response B are produced by T-cells in response to infection by a pathogen C commonly are produced in large produced in large quantities by tumor cells, helping to explain why cancer patients often have and enhanced immune response D are released by pathogens as a defense against macrophages and neutrophils E none of the above
A are an important component of the innate immune response
Which of the following is not involved in the clotting process that helps keep your blood inside your circulatory system if the system is physically damaged? A platelets B antibodies C fibrin D fibrinogen E vitamin K
B antibodies
Which of the following is NOT an accurate description of the mechanism of action of antibodies A attack and kill infected host cells B block key sites on pathogens, preventing them from "docking" on host cells C tag pathogens to be consumed by macrophages D attract and promote binding of proteins from the complement system that can kill pathogens E facilitate filtration of foreign invaders by the spleen
A attack and kill infected host cells
Which type of sponge cell filters food? A choanocyte B pinacocyte C amoebocytes D phagocyte E osteocyte
A choanocyte
Which of the following animal groups has a closed circulatory system but lacks double circulation? A fish B amphibians C reptiles D birds E mammals
A fish
Most Platyhelminthes A have rhabdites B lack ectoderm C lack mesoderm D have a coelom E have a separate mouth and anus
A have rhabdites
Which of the following is most important in regulating digestive processes in humans? A hormones B temperature C striated muscles D microbes E immune cells
A hormones
Which of the following is not true of adaptive immunity? A it is faster-acting than innate immunity B it has memory C it occurs after exposure to a pathogen D it occurs after exposure to a vaccine E it consists of both the cell-mediated immune response and the humoral immune response
A it is faster-acting than innate immunity
Emulsification important for digestion of A lipids B proteins C carbohydrates D essential nutrients E trypsin
A lipids
Which animal excretes nitrogenous waste in the form of a water insoluble white paste or powder, allowing conservation of water? A lizard B camel C desert rat D earthworm E kangarooo
A lizard
In humans, which of the following is NOT important in the directional flow of food from mouth to stomach? A microvilli B a sphincter C peristalsis D the epiglottis E the tongue
A microvilli
All of the following are examples of Hexapoda except for A mites B beetles C cockroaches D butterflies E flies
A mites
Which is the functional unit of the kidney? A nephron B hilum C renal cortex D mediula E ureter
A nephron
Around how many oxygen molecules can be transported by a single erythrocycte? A one billion B one thousand C one hundred D four E one
A one billion
Which of the following would not be expected in a mammal's oral cavity? A pepsin B amylase C teeth D lysozymes E mucus
A pepsin
Which of the following is not a defining characteristic of organisms in the phylum Chordata? A presence of vertebrae B post-anal tail at some stage in development C pharyngeal gill arches or slits D doral hollow never cord E an endostyle/thyroid gland
A presence of vertebrae
Which of the following is not a component of sponge reproduction? A release of eggs into the water column B transformation of choanocytes into sperm cells C budding D gemmules E fragmentation
A release of eggs into the water column
Comparing an amniote vertebrate with a non-amniote vertebrate, which of the following would be expected? A The amniote is more likely to be a predator B The amniote will be able to reproduce in a drier environment C The amniote will produce more offspring per year D The amniote will have more vertebrae E The amniote will have scales on the outer surface of its body
B The amniote will be able to reproduce in a drier environment
Ruminants have A large incisor teeth to help them tear up leaves B adaptations to breakdown their food through fermentation C an omnivorous diet D eight stomachs and three intestines E use their muscular rumen to grind seeds
B adaptations to breakdown their food through fermentation
If T-cells have antigen receptors that bind to self-molecules in the body A These T-cells will normally be delivered to mucous membranes where they will prolifically multiply B These T-cells will normally be destroyed in the thymus C These T-cells will be activated by helper T-cells, so that they will release antibodies into the lymph D These T-cells will normally be transferred to bone marrow where their antigen receptors will be replaced with new non-self receptors E None of the above
B These T-cells will normally be destroyed in the thymus
Which is true about an animal's metabolic rate? A Metabolic rate is a measure of how quickly an animal stores energy B All else being equal, a smaller endothermic animal will have a higher basal metabolic rate than a larger endothermic animal C The standard metabolic rate is higher than the basal metabolic rate D Longterm storage of energy in endothermic animals is achieved though buildup of ATP in the peripheral body tissues E Metabolic rate is increased when an animal enters torpor
B All else being equal, a smaller endothermic animal will have a higher basal metabolic rate than a larger endothermic animal
All of these flatworm groups are mainly parasitic except for A Trematoda B Turbellaria C Cestoda D Monogenea E tapeworms
B Turbellaria
Which of the following is true about homeostasis in mammals A It is controlled by positive feedback B It is controlled by the nervous system and the endocrine system C It results in a static equilibrium D It involves an effector, which senses a change in the environment E It can cause a regulated factor, such as blood glucose, to decrease but not to increases
B It is controlled by the nervous system and the endocrine system
Which group contains the largest diversity and greatest number of species of living reptiles? A Crocodilia B Squamata C Testudines D Anura E Pterosaurs
B Squamata
An inflammatory response can help protect against infection by A causing pain B attracting neutrophils C increasing redness D attracting antibodies E increasing oxygen delivery
B attracting neutrophils
Which of the following is not a trait shared by all arthropods A exoskeleton containing chitin B closed circulatory system C jointed appendages D segmented body E tagmata
B closed circulatory system
Which of the following best describes the origin of the variable region of an antibody? A expression of an immune cell's variable (V) DNA segments B combined expression of an immune cell's variable (V) and joining (J) segments C expression of an immune cell's introns D combined expression of an immune cell's introns and variable (V) segments E splicing together of multiple variable (V) segments
B combined expression of an immune cell's variable (V) and joining (J) segments
In vertebrates, which of the following originates from pharyngeal slits or pharyngeal arches? A thyroid gland B components of the jaw C anterior components of the cranium D esophagus E vertebrae
B components of the jaw
What is the role of pre-capllary sphincters? A increase blood pressure in capillaries B direct blood away from areas where it is not needed C ensure that aggregated clumps of red blood cells cannot enter capillaries D help conserve angular momentum E prevent venous blood from mixing with blood from arteries
B direct blood away from areas where it is not needed
Which is not an amphibian? A salamander B gecko C caecilian D tadpole E toad
B gecko
Cephalopoda are rather atypical among mollusks in that they A have a nervous system B have a closed circulatory system C have a mantle D live in marine environments E have a radula
B have a closed circulatory system
Animals in the phylum Porifera A lack specialized cells B lack true tissues C are included in the Eumetazoa D are included in the Echinodermata E have a bony cranium
B lack true tissues
In the human digestive system, most water is normally absorbed in the A duodenum B large intestine C jejunum D ileum E gall bladder
B large intestine
Which of the following is not a tissue type? A muscle B liver C epithelial D connective E nervous
B liver
When products of fat digestion reach the small intestine, they are usually transferred from the small intestine to A the large intestine B lymphatic vessels C the pancrease D the liver E the spleen
B lymphatic vessels
Which of these groups lays shelled eggs? A marsupials B monotremes C placentals D opossums E kangaroos
B monotremes
A facultative carnivore would best be considered a /an A folivore B omnivore C granivore D lion E frugivore
B omnivore
Which is true of the loop of Henle A no energy is used in a functioning loop of Henle B osmolality of fluid inside the loop increases as it descends the loop C fluid in the loop of Henlde is referred to as urine D fluid in the loop of Henle contains proteins such as hemoglobin, derived from dead red blood cells E the loop of Henle consists of the proximal convoluted tubule and a collecting duct and
B osmolality of fluid inside the loop increases as it descends the loop
The presence of which of the following traits in the early developmental stages of an animal would NOT allow you to determine if the animal is a protostome or a deuterostome? A radial cleavage B presence of endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm C coelom formed by splitting of the mesodermal mass D anus forms from the blastopore E the developmental fate of each embryonic cell is fully determined
B presence of endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm
Which of the following is true of nematodes? A they are known for their ability to enter a state called cryptobiosis B they are part of a monophyletic group that includes arthropods C they are all parasitic animals that live inside the bodies of their hosts D they lack a nerve cord E they have rings of circular muscles located across the length of their bodies
B they are part of a monophyletic group that includes arthropods
A major factor that likely led to the dominance of gnathostomes over other chordates was A they evolved vertebrae B they were able to exploit additional food sources (prey) C they evolved scales, which helped provided camouflage D they evolved scales, which led to more efficient thermoregulation E none of the above
B they were able to exploit additional food sources (prey)
Which is the most speciose order of eutherian mammals today, by far? A Primates B Carnivora C Rodentia D Pinnipedia (seals and walruses) E Cetacea (whales and porpoises)
C Rodentia
What is the difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport across a biological membrane? A One transfers proteins, the other transfers ions B One occurs within cells, the other occurs between cells C One can transfer ions against a concentration gradient while the other cannot tdo this D One helps an organism with osmoregulation while the other does not E All of the above are true
C One can transfer ions against a concentration gradient while the other cannot do this
(Video 5: Reconstructing the environment of early tetrapods); https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AkqK2jdbduQ Based on most recent evidence, tetrapod limbs first evolved in order to A Allow fish to escape from drying pools of water and reach the safety of larger surrounding water pools during the Devonian period (~ 400 mya) B Allow fish to hunt for prey on land during the Devonian period (~ 400 mya) C Allow fish to move more effectively through submerged aquatic vegetation in shallow-water swamps in order to escape from voracious predators in deeper water D Allow fish to prop their bodies up out of the water in order to take advantage of increased oxygen in the air during the Devonian period (~ 400 mya) E Allow fish to grab onto fast-moving prey items that became more abundant during the Devonian period (~ 400 mya)
C Allow fish to move more effectively through submerged aquatic vegetation in shallow-water swamps in order to escape from voracious predators in deeper water
Which animal group has a circulatory system that allows blood to become oxygenated as it flows through blood vessels in the skin? A Cnidarians B Fish C Amphibians D Reptiles E Mammals
C Amphibians
Which of the following is true? A Pterosaurs are dinosaurs B Birds are descendants of Pterosaurs C Birds are dinosaurs D Birds are descendants of crocodiles E Crocodiles are dinosaurs
C Birds are dinosaurs
Which of the following animal groups has a gastrovascular cavity? A Polychaeta B Nematoda C Cnidaria D Reptilia E Insecta
C Cnidaria
Which of the following is true? A Each B-cell contains many different types of antigen receptors B Components of innate immunity are not involved in triggering activation of B-cells and T-cells C Epitopes are components of antigens that can bind receptors on B-cells or T-cells D Helper T-cells transform into B-cells after they are activated E CD4+ cells become CD8+ cells after they are activated
C Epitopes are components of antigens that can bind receptors on B-cells or T-cells
Assuming an organism maintains a constant shape, which is true as the organism grows larger? A If will shift from having an endoskeleton to an exoskeleton B It will become more buoyant C Its surface to volume ratio will decrease D It will shift from radial to bilateral symmetry E It will shift from being endothermic to being ectothermic
C Its surface to volume ratio will decrease
The process of ecdysis that occurs in all Ecdysozoa involves A metamorphosis B hatching from an egg C an old cuticle being replaced by a new cuticle D laying of eggs E mating
C an old cuticle being replaced by a new cuticle
If your blood volume is low due to dehydration, blood salt concentrations (osmolarity) may become too high. Which hormone could help you maintain homeostasis of blood osmolarity by reducing water loss from your kidneys? A renin B aldosterone C antidiuretic hormone D epiniphrine E angiotensin
C antidiuretic hormone
Major histocompatibility class (MHC) I molecules A are released into blood plasma and bind invading pathogens there, causing their cells to rupture B are released into blood plasma and bind invading pathogens there, causing them to form clumps that are more easily discovered by natural killer cells C are located on surfaces of cells and display fragments of proteins from pathogens, helping to initiate an immune response against the pathogen D are most commonly expressed by red blood cells where they are responsible for incompatibility among different blood types E cause allergic responses as well as initiating fever when they cross the blood-brain barrier and bind to the hypothalamus
C are located on surfaces of cells and display fragments of proteins from pathogens, helping to initiate an immune response against the pathogen
Lophotrochozoa differ from Cnidarians in that they A do not live in marine environments B have an endoskeleton C are triploblastic D are not true animals E none of the above
C are triploblastic
Which of the following is not play a major role in Earth's post-Cambrian animal evolution A evolution among plants B meteor strikes C change in distance between the Earth and the sun D shift in Earth's geography E cataclysmic volcanic eruptions
C change in distance between the Earth and the sun
Which of the following is not a component of a sponge? A osculum B mesohyl C endoderm D amoebocytes E ostia
C endoderm
In mammals, which component of the nervous system plays an important role in regulation of body temperature, food intake, and other processes involving a negative feedback loop? A spinal cord B cranial nerves C hypothalamus D spinal ganglia E cerebellum
C hypothalamus
Bivaliva are rather unique among the molluscs in that they A lack gills B have an open circulatory system C lack a radula D have a shell E have a foot
C lack a radula
The earliest primates are thought to have most closely resembled A apes B gorillas C lemurs D baboons E orangutans
C lemurs
The name Annelida derives from a Latin word meaning A lacking beauty B open container C little rings D closed circulatory system E lacking intelligence
C little rings
Which type of cell produces histamine, an important contributor to allergic responses and inflammation? A T-cells B neutrophils C mast cells D natural killer cells E none of the above
C mast cells
Feeding breastmilk to an infant can lead to ___ in the infant. A blood clotting B T-cell suppression C passive immunity D conversion of the infant's IgM to IgA E none of the above
C passive immunity
Which trait is not shared among all Ecdysozoa? A presence of a coelome B shedding of an exoskeleton C presence of antennae D protostome development E spiral cleavage during development
C presence of antennae
Which of the following is true about animal evolutionary history? A the Cambrian explosion led to the appearance of the Ediacaran biota B the Cambrian explosion occurred around 100 million years ago C several extant animal phyla fist appear in the fossil record from the Cambrian period D many fossils dating from the Cambrian explosion represent species that survive today E the Cambrian explosion was caused by a rapid increase in Earth's atmospheric oxygen
C several extant animal phyla fist appear in the fossil record from the Cambrian period
Which is true of Class Myxini: Hagfishes and Class Petromyzontida: Lampreys? A they are not chordates B they are not considered to be fish C they lack jaws D they are both aquatic and terrestrial organisms E they lack a dorsal hollow nerve cord
C they lack jaws
All gnathostomes have A lungs B four legs C vertebrae D amniote eggs E none of the aboe
C vertebrae
Match the animal group with its type of symmetry Ctenophora Porifera Cnidaria Nematoda
Ctenophora -> rotational Porifera -> asymmetry Cnidaria -> radial symmetry Nematoda -> bilateral symmetry
Which of the following is true about animal form and function? A The ventral side of an animal is the animal's top side B Radially symmetrical animals are generally terrestrial C Most animals have an endoskeleton D Aquatic animals are constrained by viscosity while terrestrial animals are constrained by gravity E In order for an exoskeleton to grow, it must temporarily be transformed to an endoskeleton
D Aquatic animals are constrained by viscosity while terrestrial animals are constrained by gravity
Which of the following is NOT true? A Many products of digestion that are absorbed by the small intestine are transported to the liver B In the duodenum, secretions of the pancreas are mixed with chyme C In the duodenum, bile from the gall bladder is mixed with chyme D Bile is produced by the gall bladder E The duodenum is part of the small intestine
D Bile is produced by the gall bladder
Which is true of bone? A It contains cells that are multi-nucleated B It contains adipocytes C It contains chondrocytes D It is a type of connective tissue E it contains glial cells
D It is a type of connective tissue
Which is true of epithelial tissue? A They are made up of cells that are connected by intercalated discs B They are made up of a matrix consisting of living cells and a non-living substance C They are made up of cells connected by axons D They are classified by the cell shapes present and number of layers present E Collagen fibers provide strength to the tissue, preventing it from being torn
D They are classified by the cell shapes present and number of layers present
Which is not true of amphibians? A They are tetrapods B They obtain water and oxygen via their skin C Reproduction requires an aquatic environment D They are mostly detritivores and herbivores as adults E They have teeth
D They are mostly detritivores and herbivores as adults
Which is true of Class Chondrichthyes? A They belong to a group called Agnatha B They include hagfishes and lampreys C Most of them are filter feeders D They have a cartilaginous endoskeleton that was secondarily derived from ancestors that had a bony endoskeleton E They have rows of teeth that were derived from pharyngeal slits / arches
D They have a cartilaginous endoskeleton that was secondarily derived from ancestors that had a bony endoskeleton
Which of the following is not typical of most animals? A specialized tissues B a stage of development called gastrulation C possession of hox genes D alternation of generations between diploid and haploid lifestages E food obtained via heterotrophy
D alternation of generations between diploid and haploid lifestages
Which hormone is produced by cells located outside the kidney and causes the kidneys to release more water into the collecting ducts, thereby resulting in lower blood pressure? A angiotensin I B renin C epinephrine D atrial natriuretic peptide E vasopressin
D atrial natriuretic peptide
The constant portion an antibody's heavy chain A is the same for IgM, IgG, IgA, IgD, and IgE antibodies B determines which epitope of an antigen will bind to the antibody C ensures that the antibody cannot bind to self molecules D determines the immunological mechanism of action of the antibody E none of the above
D determines the immunological mechanism of action of the antibody
What takes place in the glomerulus? A secretion B reabsorbtion C active transport D filtration E excretion
D filtration
Antigens are A produced by antigen-presenting cells (APC's) B produced by B-cells C produced by antibodies D foreign molecules that initiate an immune response E two of the above are correct answers
D foreign molecules that initiate an immune response
Which of the following is not true of the coelom? A It may be present in triploblastic organisms B It is a cavity that often houses internal organs C it is derived from mesoderm D it is present in all animals E it usually contains fluids
D it is present in all animals
Tiktaalik is interesting and important because A it is the first organism know to produce jelly-coated eggs B it is the earliest known true vertebrate C it is the earliest vertebrate to have a true cranium D it seems to be intermediate between sarcopterygian fishes and true tetrapods E it is the earliest known animal to possess lungs, allowing it to obtain oxygen from air
D it seems to be intermediate between sarcopterygian fishes and true tetrapods
Which is NOT true about the human stomach? A it can contain chyme B is is a major site for breakdown of proteins C is may be colonized by bacteria that can cause ulcers D it typically has a pH ranging from 8-9 E it contains a thick mucous lining that helps protect underlying tissues
D it typically has a pH ranging from 8-9
Compared to a non-herbivorous vertebrate, a herbivorous vertebrate would be expected to have a A longer esophagus B more muscular stomach C shorter small intestine D larger cecum E none of the above
D larger cecum
Which of the following is not found in Cnidarians? A planula larvae B medusae C cnidocytes D mesoderm E polyps
D mesoderm
Which of the following is typical of animals belonging to Nematoda? A body segmentation B digestive system where mouth = anus C presence of a true coelom D presence of a chitinous cuticle E none of the above
D presence of a chitinous cuticle
Which is an important function of the notochord? A deliver signals from the peripheral nervous system to the brain B deliver signals from the brain to the peripheral nervous system C provide protection from predators D provide a site for axial muscle attachment E decrease an organism's drag coefficient in water or air so that it can move forward more efficiently
D provide a site for axial muscle attachment
One function of the mantle in mollusks is to A scrape food B store gametes C secrete slime to facilitate locomotion D secrete a shell E facilitate digestion through the release of enzymes
D secrete a shell
Which group of fishes does NOT have an internal. air-filled sac that can be used to regulate buoyancy? A ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) B Osteichthyes C lobe-finned fishes (Sarcopterygii) D sharks and rays E tunas
D sharks and rays
Which of the following is not true of reptiles? A they are diapsids B most lay shelled eggs C they regularly shed their skin D they use their skin for respiration E most of them are ectotherms
D they use their skin for respiration
Which of the following is true? A The primary source of energy for animals is protein B Glucose can be transformed to glycogen, resulting in production of ATP C When blood sugar drops, the liver absorbs glycogen D Protein-rich foods are more calorie dense than fatty foods E ATP is the primary energy currency in cells
E ATP is the primary energy currency in cells
Which of the following is true of the animal phylogenetic tree? A Fossils provide the best source of information for determining the animal phlogenetic tree B Major accepted clades of the animal phylogeny have remained constant over the past 50 years C Future DNA evidence is likely to demonstrate that the Bilateria is the most primitive animal clade D Eumetazoans iinclude more species than Metazoans E As more DNA is sequenced and analyzed from more animals, future changes to major surviving clades of the animal phylogenetic tree become less likely
E As more DNA is sequenced and analyzed from more animals, future changes to major surviving clades of the animal phylogenetic tree become less likely
Which tissue has a matrix? A Cuboidal epithelium B Skeletal muscle C Smooth muscle D Squamous epithelium E Loose connective tissue
E Loose connective tissue
Which would you expect of a salmon fish living in a marine (hypertonic) environment? A It will produce lots of dilute urine B It will use its skin to actively pump sodium into its body C It will use its gills to actively pump sodium into its body D It will use its rectal gland to actively pump sodium into its body E None of the above
E None of the above
Malpighian tubules A contain flame cells B use cilia to direct the flow of waste matter through excretory pores C are present in earthworms D contain structures called nephridiates E are analogous to kidneys in vertebrates
E are analogous to kidneys in vertebrates
Which of the following is not characteristic of mammals? A milk-producing glands B lower jaw consisting of a single bone C hair composed of keratin D individuals usually have different types and shapes of teeth E development of one set of teeth that remains for an individual's entire lifespan
E development of one set of teeth that remains for an individual's entire lifespan
Which of the following is not typically found in Annelida? A chitonous bristles B metamerism C digestive system with separate mouth and anus D closed circulatory system E dorsal nerve cord
E dorsal nerve cord
Which of the following is not an important component of an allergic response? A IgE antibodies B mast cells C histamine D eosinophils E epiniprine
E epiniprine
In the avian digestive system, which organ may frequently contain stones? A esophagus B crop C protoventriculus D liver E gizzard
E gizzard
Which is true of interleukins and interferons? A interleukin is a cytokine, while interferon is an enzyme B they both are found on the surfaces of pathogens, however interleukins are located within the phospholipid bilayer of external cell membranes while interferons are externally attached to cell membranes via a stalk-like structure, allowing them to play a defensive role C they both are released by pathogens, helping pathogens overcome the host immune system D inteferon forms a physical barrier that prevents pathogens from entering the body while interleukin attacks pathogens found between cells E interferon reduces protein synthesis in cells, blocking virus replication, while interleukins can help mediate interactions among immune cells, allowing a more effective response to pathogens
E interferon reduces protein synthesis in cells, blocking virus replication, while interleukins can help mediate interactions among immune cells, allowing a more effective response to pathogens
An essential nutrient A must be water soluble B must be inorganic C is exemplified by vitamin F D is a precursor required for building cellular material E is a nutrient that cannot be produced by our bodies
E is a nutrient that cannot be produced by our bodies
Which is true of a cnidarian's gastrovascular cavity? A it is lined by tissue derived from ectoderm B it is lined with cnidocytes C it is present in medusae but not in polyps D it does not play a role in circulation of oxygen E it has just one opening (mouth = anus)
E it has just one opening (mouth = anus)
Which animal group has a yolk-sac placenta? A eutherians B rodents C elephants D rabbits E kangaroos
E kangaroos
T-cells and B-cells A engulf and kill cells infected by pathogens B are both components of the innate immune system C initiate terciary and beta responses, respectively D are stored in the liver E mature in the thymus and bone marrow, respectively
E mature in the thymus and bone marrow, respectively
Animals belonging to class Scyphozoa A have a bell that is square in cross section B include the reef building corals C lack mesoglea D include the Portuguese man o' war E none of the above
E none of the above
Autoimmunity occurs when A the immune system acts in the absence of stimulation by the nervous system B an individual is immune to a pathogen even without having been previously exposed to that pathogen C immunity is realized via mechanisms preventing a pathogen from entering the host's body D a mother feeds breast milk to an infant, transferring IgA from the mother E none of the above
E none of the above
Which immune cell type releases perforin and granzyme in response to contact with a cell presenting a detected antigen fragment (bound to MHC I molecules) on the surface of the contacted cell? A B-cell B mast cell C antigen presenting cell (APC) D macrophage E none of the above
E none of the above
You see an animal crawling on the beach that has biramous appendages and it's exoskeleton is hard and somewhat brittle. This organism must belong to which animal group? A Myriapoda B Hexapoda C Chelicerata D Insecta E none of the above
E none of the above
What is a key difference between blood and hemolymph? A one transports oxygen, the other does not B one transports carbon dioxide, the other does not C one transports nutrients, the other does not D one occurs in mammals, the other occurs in reptiles E one occurs in closed circulatory systems, the other occurs in open circulatory systems
E one occurs in closed circulatory systems, the other occurs in open circulatory systems
All of the following are characteristic of birds except for A hollow bones B high metabolic rate C lack of a urinary bladder D nitrogen waste eliminated as uric acid E oxygen uptake by air sacs rather than lungs
E oxygen uptake by air sacs rather than lungs
Which of the following is not typical of the Lophotrochozoa? A bilateral symmetry B a degree of cephalization C protostome development D either a lophophore feeding apparatus or trochophore larvae E paired walking legs
E paired walking legs
Which of the following is not a component of the innate immune system? A stomach acid B skin C macrophages D interferon E red blood cells
E red blood cells
Which of the following is not used by endotherms to help regulate body temperature? A their circulatory system B fat C counter-current exchange D evaporation E release of hormones from the pancreas
E release of hormones from the pancreas
Which of the following is not a role of blood in humans? A transport of nutrients B transport of carbon dioxide C transport of disease-fighting agents D transport of hormones E serves as a reservoir for urine
E serves as a reservoir for urine
Which of the following would you expect to be associated with a bath sponge? A class Calcarea B class Hexactinellida C an abundance of large siliceous spicules D cellulose E spongin
E spongin
Which of the following distinguishes humans from other surviving Hominidae A clear sexual dimophism B heavier body C stereoscopic vision D lack of hair on palms of hands E thumb can touch little finger on same hand
E thumb can touch little finger on same hand
Sort chronologically digestion ingestion absorption elimination
Ingestion Digestion Absorption Elimination
Sort the following to create the correctly ordered pathway of electrical signals that promote contraction of the human heart SA node AV node bundle of His Purkinje fibers ventricular myocardium
SA node AV node bundle of His Purkinje fibers ventricular myocardium