bio2

How many hydrogen atoms can be attached to carbon B?

1

A food company hydrogenated a barrel of fat. The treatment ...A food company hydrogenated a barrel of fat. The treatment ...

(a) made the fat less fluid.

Polymers that contain sugars ...

(a) may store hereditary information. (b) may store energy. (c) may protect cells.

How many molecules of water are released during the polymerization of a 20 monomer-long cellulose molecule?

19

How many electrons does one atom of carbon share to complete its valence shell?

4

Which molecule has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties and is found in plasma membranes?

5

Which molecule is a saturated fatty acid?

9

Identify the functional groups.

Amino and carboxyl are functional groups.

Which complex carbohydrate contains only a-1,4-glycosidic linkages?

Amylose

In the reaction that builds a fat,________ groups react with ________ groups.

B and C

The presence of many C-C and C-H bonds causes fats to be ...

Both (a) and (b).

Which molecule(s) shown is (are) ionized in a cell?

C and D

The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6. What would be the molecular formula for a molecule made by linking three glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions?

C18H32O16

Which of the following is a hydrocarbon?

C3H8

_____ is the most abundant organic compound on Earth.

Cellulose

Which of the following complex carbohydrates is listed with its correct function?

Cellulose: structural component of plant cell walls

Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?

Dehydration reactions assemble polymers; hydrolysis reactions break polymers apart.

Which of the following is true of carbon?

It can form both polar and nonpolar bonds.

Which molecule is not a carbohydrate?

Lipid

Which of the following statements about monosaccharide structure is true?

Monosaccharides can be classified according to the spatial arrangement of their atoms.

What kind of effect does R-dopa have on Parkinson's disease?

None

L-dopa is used to treat _____.

Parkinson's disease

Which polysaccharide contains a modified monosaccharide?

Peptidoglycan

Which of these is NOT a lipid?

RNA

The molecule shown the figure is a ________.

Steriod

Which of the functional groups shown above is most likely to gain a proton and become positively charged?

The amino group is most likely to gain a proton. The carboxyl group is most likely to gain a proton. The hydroxyl group is most likely to gain a proton.

Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water?

The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages.

How do phospholipids interact with water molecules?

The polar heads interact with water; the nonpolar tails do not.

What do DNA, proteins, and fats have in common?

They contain carbonyl groups.

Part complete True or false? Peptidoglycan is a polysaccharide found only in bacteria.

True

Which of the functional groups shown is present in ethanol but not in ethane?

a

For lipids to be fluid at room temperature, they should have ________.

a higher number of cis double bonds

Glycogen is _____.

a polysaccharide found in animals

Protein polymers are made up of _____ monomers.

amino acid

Enantiomers are molecules that _____.

are mirror images

Research indicates that ibuprofen, a drug used to relieve inflammation and pain, is a mixture of two enantiomers; that is, molecules that _____.

are mirror images of each other

Starch and cellulose ________. are polymers of glucose

are polymers of glucose

A function of cholesterol that does not harm health is its role _____.

as a component of animal cell membranes

Which molecule shown can increase the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution and is therefore an organic acid?

b

Compared to a hydrocarbon chain where all the carbon atoms are linked by single bonds, a hydrocarbon chain with the same number of carbon atoms, but with one or more double bonds, will _____. be more constrained in structure be more flexible in structure be more polar

be more constrained in structure

Phospholipids and triglycerides both _____.

butter and lard

The element present in all organic molecules is _____.

carbon

What does the term insoluble fiber refer to on food packages?

cellulose

Which of these is a polysaccharide?

cellulose

The two molecules shown in the figure are best described as ________.

cis-trans isomers

Which molecule shown above contains a functional group that is a part of the molecule known as the "energy currency of living organisms"?

d

What is another name for a condensation reaction

dehydration

Which of the following is not a polymer?

glucose

The highlighted part of this molecule is derived from ...

glycerol.

In fat synthesis,________and fatty acids combine to make fats plus________.

glycerol; water

A carbon atom has 6 electrons however, its valency is 4. This is because the carbon atom ________.

has only 2 electrons in its first shell and 4 in the second shell

Humans can digest starch but not cellulose because ________.

humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the α-glycosidic linkages of starch but not the β-glycosidic linkages of cellulose

What is the name of the process during which a bond between two monomers is broken?

hydrolysis

An atom of iron has the atomic number 26. This means that

it has 26 protons and 26 electrons.

The kind and number of bonds an atom can form depends on ________.

its electron configuration

glucose + glucose —> _____ by _____.

maltose + water ... dehydration synthesis

Which of these is a source of lactose?

milk

A molecule with the chemical formula C6H12O6 is probably a _____.

monosaccharide

Nucleic acid polymers are made up of ______ monomers.

nucleotide

Which of these is rich in unsaturated fats?

olive oil

Stanley Miller's 1953 experiments supported the hypothesis that _____.

organic molecules can be synthesized abiotically under conditions that may have existed on early Earth

Miller's classic experiment demonstrated that a discharge of sparks through a mixture of gases could result in the formation of a large variety of organic compounds. Miller did not use ________ as one of the gases in his experiment.

oxygen

What makes lipids/fats hydrophobic? presence of relatively nonpolar CH bonds

presence of relatively nonpolar CH bonds

This figure is an example of a(n) _____.

saturated fat

Carbohydrate polymers are made up of______ monomers.

simple sugar

An atom has four electrons in its valence shell. What type(s) of covalent bonds is it capable of forming with oxygen?

single and double bonds

Based on the electron configuration of the elements in the figure, which would exhibit a chemical behavior most like that of oxygen?

sulfur

The complexity and variety of organic molecules is due to _____.

the chemical versatility of carbon atoms

What determines whether a carbon atom's covalent bonds to other atoms are in a tetrahedral configuration or a planar configuration?

the presence or absence of double bonds between the carbon atom and other atoms

Cis-trans isomers (geometric isomers) are molecules that

their atoms about a double bond

People who are lactose intolerant cannot extract energy from milk because ________.

they are missing an enzyme

Which molecule is a saturated fatty acid?

three molecules of 9 and one molecule of 10

Each double bond in carbon dioxide represents ________. O = C = O

two pairs of shared electrons

A dehydration reaction (or condensation reaction) is the process in which _____.

water molecules are produced as a polymer is formed from monomers

The molecule illustrated in the figure ________.

will be liquid at room temperature