BIO206 Chapter 9 Joints
An increase in the angle between two articulating bones:
extension
Although not part of the articulation, pass around the capsule and limit the range of motion 1 meniscus 2 bursae 3 fat pad 4 extracapsular ligaments 5 intracapsular ligaments 6 tendons
extracapsular ligaments
Name the bone of the lower limb that bears the least amount of weight: 1 talus 2 tibia 3 femur 4 fibula
fibula
The bone found lateral to the tibia: 1 femur 2 calcaneus 3 fibula 4 tarsal
fibula
The tibia is bound to the __________ by the interosseous membrane. 1 talus 2 femur 3 patella 4 fibula
fibula`
A movemnt at a synovial joint in which the distal end of the bone moves in a circular direction but the shaft does not rotate
circumduction
How many metatarsals are found on the foot: 1 3 2 5 3 7 4 14
5
How many tarsal bones make up the foot: 1 3 2 5 3 7 4 14
7
Which of the following statements about the vertebral column is INCORRECT? 1 A ligamentum flavum connects the laminae of adjacent vertebrae. 2 The ligamentum nuchae is a supraspinous ligament extending from vertebra C7 to the base of the skull. 3 A herniated disc occurs when the anulus fibrosus breaks through the nucleus pulposus and protrudes into the vertebral canal. 4 The nucleus pulposus is a soft, elastic, gelatinous core.
A herniated disc occurs when the anulus fibrosus breaks through the nucleus pulposus and protrudes into the vertebral canal.
What mechanism allows standing for prolonged periods without continually contracting the extensor muscles? 1 The popliteal ligaments extend between the femur and the heads of the tibia and fibula. 2 The patellar ligaments provide support for the front of the knee, helping to maintain posture. 3 A slight lateral rotation of the tibia tightens the anterior cruciate ligament and joins the meniscus between the tibia and femur. 4 There are limitations of the ligaments and the movement of the femur.
A slight lateral rotation of the tibia tightens the anterior cruciate ligament and joins the meniscus between the tibia and femur.
Identify the region of the scapula that articulates with the clavicle. 1 Spine 2 Glenoid cavity 3 Acromion process 4 Coracoid process
Acromion process
Which region of the scapula does articulate with another bone? 1 Lateral border 2 Acromion process 3 Suprascapular notch 4 Medial border
Acromion process
Which of the following is an example of a gliding synovial joint? 1 the articulation between rib 3 and the sternum 2 intercarpal articulations 3 the acromioclavicular articulation 4 All of the listed responses are correct.
All of the above
Which of the following statements about the knee joint is FALSE? 1 It is stabilized by seven major ligaments. 2 It allows some minor rotational movement. 3 The articulation is actually between the femur and the menisci. 4 All of these statements are true.
All of these statements are true.
What type of joint is the knee: 1 Hinge joint 2 Diarthrosis 3 Synovial joint 4 All the boave
All the above
Where are gliding joints located? 1 between the facet of a rib and a thoracic vertebra articulation 2 between the superior and inferior articulating surfaces of a vertebra 3 between the sternum and the clavicle 4 All of the listed responses are correct.
All the above
Which of these body systems interacts extensively with the skeletal system: 1 muscular 2 endocrine 3 hematopoietic 4 all the above
All the above
Which part or parts of the vertebral column do NOT contain intervertebral discs? 1 sacrum 2 coccyx 3 first and second cervical vertebrae 4 All of the listed responses are correct.
All the above
Which type or types of joints connect the fingers and toes with the metacarpals and metatarsals? 1 an ellipsoidal joint 2 a biaxial joint 3 a synovial joint 4 All of the listed responses are correct.
All the above
Why is the elbow joint quite stable? 1 The bony surfaces of the humerus and ulna interlock. 2 The articular capsule is very thick. 3 The capsule is reinforced by stout ligaments. 4 All of the listed responses are correct.
All the above
Which of the following statements about these joints is INCORRECT? 1 The atlanto-occipital joint is an ellipsoidal diarthrosis that allows flexion and extension. 2 The sacroiliac joints between the sacrum and coxae are gliding diarthroses that permit only slight movement. 3 Costovertebral joints are found only between thoracic vertebrae and ribs and allow slight elevation and depression of the ribs. 4 All the bones of the skull articulate with one another only through synarthroses.
All the bones of the skull articulate with one another only through synarthroses.
A cartilage or bone shaped like a ring:
Anulus
Identify the process on the scapula that does not articulate with another bone. 1 Acromion process 2 Coronoid process 3 Coracoid process 4 Glenoid cavity
Coracoid process
Ankle extention; toe pointing
Dorsal flexion
Supports the wall of the joint from inside the capsule 1 meniscus 2 bursae 3 fat pad 4 extracapsular ligaments 5 intracapsular ligaments 6 tendons
Fat pad
Identify the socket of the shoulder joint. 1 Coracoid process 2 Spine 3 Lateral border 4 Glenoid cavity
Glenoid cavity
Which of these statements about the hip joint is false: 1 It permits extention 2 It permits adduction 3 It permits plantar flexion 4 It permits flexion
It permits plantar flexion
An area where adjacent bones interact:
Joint
A dense band of connective tissue fibers that attaches one bone to another:
Ligament
Which of the following statements concerning knee injuries is FALSE? 1 Complete dislocation of the knee is rare. 2 One of the most rapidly healing knee injuries is a torn ligament. 3 Supporting ligaments and menisci can be torn if a locked knee is struck from the side. 4 The most common knee injuries involve tearing the medial meniscus
One of the most rapidly healing knee injuries is a torn ligament.
The scapula is the site of origin of a group of muscles that stabilize the shoulder joint. Identify this muscle group. 1 Upper arm abductor 2 Upper arm flexor 3 Upper arm extensor 4 Rotator cuff
Rotator cuff
Which of the following landmarks is found on the posterior surface of the scapula? 1 Coracoid process 2 Glenoid cavity 3 Lateral border 4 Spine
Spine
The rotation of the forearm such that the palm faces anteriorly
Supination
A fibrous amphiarthrosis such as that between adjacent vertebrae or between the pubic bones of the coxal bones:
Symphysis
The union or fusion of adjacent bones by the growth of bony substance, either as a normal process during growth or as the result of ankylosis. 1 synovial 2 synchondrosis 3 symphysis 4 synostosis
Synostosis
A freely moving joint where the opposing bone surfaces are separted by synovial fluid; a diarthrosis
Synovial joint
Protects articular cartilage and acts as packing material for the joint 1 meniscus 2 bursae 3 fat pad 4 extracapsular ligaments 5 intracapsular ligaments 6 tendons
Tendon
Which of the following statements about the knee is FALSE? 1 The cruciate ligaments are intracapsular ligaments that stabilize the femur. 2 The bones that articulate with the knee joint are the femur, tibia, and fibula. 3 The knee is a biaxial hinge joint. 4 All of these statements are true.
The bones that articulate with the knee joint are the femur, tibia, and fibula.
Which of the following statements about the hip joint is INCORRECT? 1 Fractures of the femoral neck are more likely than dislocation of the hip joint. 2 The hip joint forms an almost complete bony socket, making it a very stable joint. 3 The ligamentum teres tenses every time the hip joint experiences motion. 4 A fat pad in the center of the acetabulum acts as a shock absorber for the hip joint.
The ligamentum teres tenses every time the hip joint experiences motion.
What is the unique compromise of the articulations in the appendicular skeleton? 1 The stronger the joint, the more restricted the range of motion. 2 The weaker the joint, the more restricted the range of motion. 3 The stronger the joint, the less restricted the range of motion. 4 The strength of the joint and range of motion are unrelated.
The stronger the joint, the more restricted the range of motion.
Why are the elbow and knee called hinge joints? 1 The articular surfaces are able to slide across one another. 2 They permit angular movement in a single plane. 3 Sliding and rotation are prevented, and angular motion is restricted to two directions. 4 All combinations of movement are possible.
They permit angular movement in a single plane.
Dislocations are more common in highly movable joints. Which of the following types of joints would be least likely to dislocate? 1 a cartilaginous symphysis 2 a bony synostosis 3 a triaxial diarthrosis 4 a fibrous syndesmosis
a bony synostosis
What is a meniscus? 1 a fatty pad that acts as a cushion 2 an injury to the temporomandibular joint 3 a pad of fibrocartilage within a synovial joint 4 a fluid-filled sac found in connective tissues
a pad of fibrocartilage within a synovial jointa
The head of the femur is the ball portion of the hip joint that articulates with the ______ of the hip bone which forms the socket: 1 neck 2 fovea capitis 3 acetabulum 4 acronom process
acetabulum
The acromion process is the knoblike ending at the lateral end of the scapular spine. It articulates with the clavicle forming the ____ : 1 acrominoscapular joint 2 scapularacromino joint 3 acromioclavicular joint. 4 clavicularacromino joint
acromioclavicular joint.
If you run your fingers along the superior surface of the shoulder joint, you will feel a process called the __________. 1 coronoid 2 styloid 3 acromion 4 coracoids
acromion
A symphysis is an example of __________. 1 a diarthrosis 2 an amphiarthrosis 3 a synarthrosis 4 osteoarthritis
an amphiarthrosis
A syndesmosis is an example of __________. 1 a cartilaginous joint 2 an amphiarthrosis 3 a synarthrosis 4 a diarthrosis
an amphiarthrosis
The coracoid process of the scapula is found on the lateral side of the bone projecting 1 posteriorly and laterally 2 posteriorly and medially 3 anteriorly and laterally. 4 anteriorly and medially
anteriorly and laterally
The dense collagen fiber sleeve that surrounds a joint and provides protection and stabilization also called joint capsule:
articular capsule
A cartilage pad that covers the surface of a bone inside a joint cavity
articular cartilage
Even though the specific cause may vary, arthritis always involves damage to the __________. 1 epiphyseal discs 2 accessory ligaments 3 articular cartilages 4 bursae
articular cartilages
A joint is also called:
articulation
The popliteal ligaments extend between the femur and the heads of the tibia and fibula, reinforcing the __________. 1 lateral surface of the knee joint 2 inside of the joint capsule 3 back of the knee joint 4 anterior surface of the knee joint
back of the knee joint
The triaxial joint has a _____ motion: 1 ellipsodial 2 ball and socket 3 hinge 4 gliding
ball and socket
A small sac filled with synovial fluid that cushions adjacent structures and reduces friction:
bersa
Interconnects articulating bones and passes outside capsule: 1 meniscus 2 bursae 3 fat pad 4 extracapsular ligaments 5 intracapsular ligaments 6 tendons
bursae
The pectoral girdle consists of which of the following bones? 1 clavicles and sternum only 2 clavicles only 3 clavicles, scapulae, and sternum 4 clavicles and scapulae only
clavicles and scapulae only
A characteristic decrease in height with advanced age may result from __________. 1 decreased water content of the nucleus pulposus in an intervertebral disc 2 a decrease in the collagen fibers in the bodies of the vertebrae 3 a decrease in the annulus fibrosus of an intervertebral disc 4 all of the listed factors
decreased water content of the nucleus pulposus in an intervertebral disc
Inferior/downward movement of a body part
depression
A synovial joint:
diarthrosis
Which of the following organ systems is responsible for providing calcium and phosphate minerals required for bone growth? 1 respiratory system 2 muscular system 3 integumentary system 4 digestive system
digestive system
The articulating surfaces are forced out of position in a ______. 1 dislocation 2 fracture 3 greenstick fracture 4 subluxation
dislocation
Upward movement of the foot through flexion at the ankle:
dorsiflexion
Movement in a superior or upward direction
elevation
What two movements are carried out when you open and close your mouth? 1 abduction and adduction 2 inversion and eversion 3 elevation and depression 4 flexion and extension
elevation and depression
The metacarpal and metatarsal bones articulate with the fingers and the toes, respectively. This creates what type of synovial joint? 1 pivot 2 saddle 3 ellipsoid 4 hinge
ellipsoid
The biaxal joint has a ______ motion: 1 ellipsodial 2 ball and socket 3 hinge 4 gliding
ellipsoidal
Which of the following is an example of a synchondrosis? 1 intertarsal joints 2 distal tibia and fibula 3 epiphyseal plate 4 None of the listed responses is correct.
epiphyseal plate
A turning outward:
eversion
Which of the following ligaments does NOT connect the tibia and the femur? 1 fibular collateral ligament 2 tibial collateral ligament 3 posterior cruciate ligament 4 anterior cruciate ligament
fibular collateral ligament
A movement that decreases the angle between two articulating bones:
flexion
Which of the following describes movement that reduces the angle between two articulating bones? 1 adduction 2 abduction 3 flexion 4 extension
flexion
The hip and shoulder are multiaxial joints that permit what types of movement? 1 flexion and extension, adduction and abduction, circumduction, and opposition and rotation 2 flexion and extension, adduction and abduction, and circumduction 3 flexion and extension, adduction and abduction, circumduction, and rotation 4 adduction, abduction, and rotation
flexion and extension, adduction and abduction, circumduction, and rotation
The nonaxial joint has a ____ motion: 1 ellipsodial 2 ball and socket 3 hinge 4 gliding
gliding
Intervertebral articulations are __________. 1 gliding joints that permit small movements 2 hinge joints that permit no movement 3 not joints at all 4 immovable
gliding joints that permit small movements
The monoaxal joint has a ____ motion: 1 ellipsodial 2 ball and socket 3 hinge 4 gliding
hinge
The joint with the greatest range of motion: 1 humerus-scapula 2 femur-tibia 3 femur-acetabulum 4 humerus-ulna
humerus-scapula
The movement that allows you to gaze at the ceiling is __________. 1 hyperextension 2 elevation 3 rotation 4 circumduction
hyperextension
You are standing in the anatomical position. You extend one leg behind you. What is that motion called? 1 hyperextension 2 extension 3 abduction 4 adduction
hyperextension
Extension of a body part past the anoatomical position
hyperextention
Which one of the following is NOT a function of synovial fluid? 1 lubrication 2 shock absorption 3 immobilization 4 nutrient distribution
immobilization
A fibrocartilage pad between the bodies of successive vertebrae that absorbs shocks
intervertebral disc
Reduce friction and act as shock absorbers 1 meniscus 2 bursae 3 fat pad 4 extracapsular ligaments 5 intracapsular ligaments 6 tendons
intracapsular ligaments
A turning inward:
inversion
Abduction and adduction are movements that _________. 1 involve only the appendicular skeleton 2 allow movement in the anterior and posterior plane 3 involve only the axial skeleton 4 allow movement in the superior and inferior plane
involve only the appendicular skeleton
Fibrocartilage pads are important is stabilizing which joint? 1 knee 2 shoulder 3 hip 4 elbow
knee
Name the noticeable bump on the outside of the ankle: 1 lateral malleolus 2 medial malleolus 3 lateral condyle 4 medial condyle
lateral malleolus
Identify the landmark found on the diaphysis of the femur: 1 deltoid tuberosity 2 greater trochanter 3 fovea capitis 4 linea aspera
linea aspera
Which of the following landmarks can be found on both the tibia and fibula: 1 tuberosity 2 head 3 condyles 4 malleoli
malleoli
Which of the following is not a function of synovial fluid? 1 shock absorption 2 mechanical support 3 waste removal 4 lubrication
mechanical support
The flat surfsace of the tibia that articulates with the febur is the superior surface of which landmark: 1 head 2 patellar surface 3 medial malleolus 4 medial and lateral condyles
medial and lateral condyles
Identify the best description for the location of the head of the femur 1 medial and distal 2 lateral and proximal 3 medial and proximal 4 posterior and distal
medial and proximal
The anatomical landmark resulting in a noticeable bump found on the medial surface of the ankle: 1 medial malleolus 2 medial condyle 3 styloid process 4 lateral malleolus
medial malleolus
A fibrocartilage pad between opposing surfaces in a joint
meniscus
A pad of fibrocartilage that may channel the flow of synovial fluid: 1 meniscus 2 bursae 3 fat pad 4 extracapsular ligaments 5 intracapsular ligaments 6 tendons
meniscus
What is the term for a pad of fibrocartilage found between opposing bones in some synovial joints? 1 meniscus 2 bunion 3 tendon sheath 4 bursa
meniscus
The condition known as a fractured hip is most often a break in the femur, where is the femur particularly susceptible to fracture: 1 head 2 neck 3 acetabulum 4 trochanter
neck
The gelatinous central region of an intervertebral disc
nucleus pulposus
The soft, gelatinous core of the intervertebral disc is called the __________. 1 ligamentum flavum 2 ligamentum nuchae 3 annulus fibrosus 4 nucleus pulposus
nucleus pulposus
What is the special movement of the thumb that enables it to grasp and hold an object? 1 opposition 2 supination 3 circumduction 4 inversion
opposition
Which of the following joint movements is INCORRECTLY described? 1 inversion—turning the foot so that the sole faces inward 2 supination—rotation of the antebrachium so the palm is turned forward 3 plantar flexion—flexion of the ankle to elevate the sole of the foot 4 opposition—movement of the thumb to meet the fingers and grasp an object
plantar flexion—flexion of the ankle to elevate the sole of the foot
The rotation of the forearm that makes the palm face posteriorly:
pronation
Movement anteriorly in the horizontal plane:
protraction
You can make a scary face by grabbing your bottom lip with your top teeth. When you do this, your mandible moves in an anterior direction. This is an example of __________. 1 elevation 2 protraction 3 retraction 4 depression
protraction
Which of these is characteristic of the female pelvis: 1 heart shaped pelvic inlet 2 deeper iliac fossa than the male pelvis 3 heavy, rough textured bone 4 pubic arch greater than 100 degrees
pubic arch greater than 100 degrees
Movement posteriorly in the horizontal plane:
retraction
A general term used to describe pain in muscles, tendons, bones, or joints:
rheumatism
A pivot joint permits __________. 1 elevation and depression 2 adduction and abduction 3 inversion and eversion 4 rotation only
rotation only
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of synovial joints? 1 accessory structures such as bursae and fat pads 2 a fluid-filled joint cavity 3 articular cartilages 4 short fibers connecting two bones
short fibers connecting two bones
When a ligament is stretched to the point at which some of the collagen fibers are torn, the resulting injury is called a __________. 1 dislocation 2 strain 3 sprain 4 dancer's fracture
sprain
The synarthrosis that binds the two parietal bones together is a: 1 fissure 2 synostosis 3 synchondrosis 4 suture
suture
The coxal bones join anteriorly at a: 1 synostosis 2 gomphosis 3 suture 4 symphysis
symphysis
Identify the type of joint found between the distaly end of the tibia and fibula: 1 syndesmosis 2 symphysis 3 synchondrosis 4 suture
syndesmosis
Which joint results from the fusion of two bones? 1 symphysis 2 synchondroses 3 synostoses 4 syndesmosis
synostoses
A fluid filled chamber in a synovial joint
synovial cavity
The substance secreted by synovial membranes that lubricates joints:
synovial fluid
Which type of joint is freely movable? 1 symphysis 2 syndesmosis 3 synchondrosis 4 synovial joint
synovial joint
The fluid that fills the joint cavity in a diarthosis is produced by the: 1 synovial membrane 2 cruciate ligaments 3 menisci 4 medial fat pad
synovial membrane
Identify the tarsal that articulates with the tibia and fibula: 1 talus 2 calcaneus 3 cuboid 4 navicular
talus
The distal end of the tibia articulates with the __________ to form a synovial __________ joint. 1 calcaneus; hinge 2 talus; hinge 3 talus; saddle 4 calcaneus; saddle
talus; hinge
The structures that pass across or around a joint, limiting range of motion and providing support, are __________. 1 cartilage 2 ligaments 3 adhesions 4 tendons
tendons
In the hip joint, the arrangement that keeps the head of the femur from moving away from the acetabulum is __________. 1 the presence of fat pads covered by synovial membranes 2 the formation of a complete bony socket 3 the tight fit of the acetabular bones and the femoral head 4 the articular capsule enclosing the femoral head and neck
the articular capsule enclosing the femoral head and neck
Which of the following joints is NOT classified as a synovial hinge joint? 1 the atlas-occipital articulation 2 the articulation between the proximal and medial phalanges 3 the elbow 4 the tibia and fibula with the talus
the atlas-occipital articulation
In anatomical terms, leg refers to __________. 1 the entire lower limb 2 the distal portion of the lower limb 3 the proximal portion of the 4 lower limb thigh
the distal portion of the lower limb
The ligamentum flavum is a ligament that connects __________. 1 the pedicles of adjacent vertebrae 2 the spinous processes of all vertebrae 3 the tips of all spinous processes from C7 to the occipital bone 4 the laminae of adjacent vertebrae
the laminae of adjacent vertebrae
Name the bone that articulates with the distal end of the femur 1 fibula 2 tibia 3 calcaneus 4 tarsal
tibia
Two bones that the fibula articulates with in the skeleton: 1 femur and talus 2 tibia and talus 3 tibia and femur 4 femur and calcaneus
tibia and talus
Identify the blunt elevation found on the anterior surface of the tibia between the lateral and medial condyles: 1 tibial tuberosity 2 intercondylar eminence 3 medial malleolus 4 medial condyle
tibial tuberosity