BIO446L final

Cilia are most often associated with which type of epithelium? 1. Simple Columnar 2. Simple Cuboidal 3. Stratified Squamous 4. Transitional

1. Simple Columnar

Glands that have an acinus are classified as: 1. Endocrine 2. Exocrine

2. Exocrine

Which type of cell produces extracellular fibers and ground substance? 1. Adipocytes 2. Fibroblasts 3. Macrophages 4. Mast cells

2. Fibroblasts

Osteons are found in: 1. Embryonic bone 2. Lamellar bone 3. Osteoid 4. Woven bone

2. Lamellar bone

All the following statements are true about cartilage EXCEPT: 1. Avascular 2. Chondrocytes reside in lacunae 3. Has pain nerve fibers 4. Provides support for bone formation

3. Has pain nerve fibers

Osteoclasts: 1. Breakdown old or damaged bone allowing for new bone formation 2. Enhance Ca2+ release for calcium homeostasis 3. Originate from progenitor cells in the bone marrow 4. All the above

4. All the above

Which of the following characteristics is NOT associated with an epithelium? 1. Avascular 2. Has a free surface 3. High capacity for renewal 4. Lacks nerve supply 5. Largely or entirely of closely packed cells with little extracellular material between cells

4. Lacks nerve supply

Growth and repair of hyaline cartilage is limited because its: A. Absent from fibrocartilage B. Avascular C. Cells are isolated in lacunae D. Grows primarily by interstitial growth in adults

B. Avascular

Resistance to both compression and shear forces is best met via A. Elastic cartilage B. Fibrocartilage C. Hyaline cartilage D. Perichondrium

B. Fibrocartilage

At the neuromuscular junction the folds that contain acetylcholine receptors are a part of the: A. Muscle fiber nucleus B. Sarcolemma C. Sarcomere D. Terminal cisterna

B. Sarcolemma

Hyaline cartilage is composed of an extracellular matrix that contains which type of collagen? A. Type I collagen B. Type II collagen C. Type III collagen D. Type IV collagen

B. Type II collagen

The type of neuron cell found in the spinal ganglion is classified as: A. Bipolar B. Multipolar C. (Pseudo)unipolar

C. (Pseudo)unipolar

A bundle of nerve fibers is enclosed by the: A. Endoneurium B. Epineurium C. Perineurium

C. Perineurium

Interosseous ligaments are an example of which type of joint? A. Symphysis B. Synchondrosis C. Syndesmosis D. Synovial

C. Syndesmosis

Which type of cartilage does not typically have a perichondrium?

Fibrocartilage (as well as articular)

The type of connective tissue proper that has a delicate consistency, flexible, very vascular, and not resistant to stress is classified as:

Loose CT

Which of the following is an intermediate filament? a. actin b. glycoprotein c. microtubules D. Vimentin

Microtubules

Aerobic respiration of a cell occurs in which organelle?

Mitochon

lipid synthesis is a function of what organelle?

SER

A gland with a long duct most likely would produce what type of secretion? a. Mucous b. Serous

Serous

The ground substance of connective tissue is rich in heavily hydrated complex mixture of macromolecules. All the following are examples of such complex mixtures of macromolecules EXCEPT ONE. Which one is the EXCEPTION? a. Acetylcholine b. Aggrecan c. Fibronectin d. Hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid)

a. Acetylcholine

The network of microfilaments that form a sheath beneath the plasmalemma is formed from a. Actin b. Keratin c. Lamin d. Vimentin

a. Actin

The ground substance of connective tissue is rich in heavily hydrated glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans and multi-adhesive glycoproteins. An example of a proteoglycan found in cartilage is: a. Aggrecan b. Fibronectin c. Hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan) d. Laminin

a. Aggrecan

The predominate type of fiber found in the connective tissue deep to the epithelium of skin is a. Collagen Type I b. Collagen Type IV c. Elastic

a. Collagen Type I

The connective tissue fiber with the greatest tensile strength is the a. Collagen fiber b. Elastic fiber c. Reticular fiber

a. Collagen fiber

The cells that line the acinar portion of a gland are most likely to be classified as: a. Cuboidal epithelial b. Fibroblasts c. Masts d. Squamous epithelial

a. Cuboidal epithelial

The type of gland which has no duct is the a. Endocrine gland b. Exocrine gland

a. Endocrine gland

Which of the following organelles of the cell initiates packing, concentration and storage of secretory products by secretory vesicles? a. Golgi apparatus b. Mitochondria c. Rough endoplasmic reticulum d. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

a. Golgi apparatus

Which of the following types of epithelia has all cells attached to the basal lamina, but not all cells reach the free surface? a. Pseudostratified columnar b. Simple columnar c. Simple squamous d. Stratified squamous e. Transitional

a. Pseudostratified columnar

Which of the following types of epithelium secrete tears? a. Simple cuboidal b. Simple squamous c. Stratified columnar d. Stratified squamous

a. Simple cuboidal

all of the following statements about nissl bodies are true except: a. are found in the body of a neuron b. are located in the axon hillock c. formed by stacks of RER

a. are found in the body of a neuron

during endochondral bone formation, all of the following statements are true except one. which statement is the exception? a. bone first form adjacent to the periosteum b. bone forms directly from mesenchymal cells c. bone formation proceeds from proximal to distal in a long bone d. cartilaginous bone first forms on the articular surface

a. bone first form adjacent to the periosteum

all the following statements are true about osteocytes except one. which one is the exception? a. change morphology to become osteoclasts b. communicate with other osteocytes via canaliculi c. form connective dendritic processes d. mineralize osteoid

a. change morphology to become osteoclasts

which of the following is a parasympathetic response a. constriction of airways b. decreased salivation c. increased sweating d. vasoconstriction

a. constriction of airways

a stroke on the left hemisphere affecting the precentral gyrus would result in a. motor impairment contralaterally b. motor Impairment on the ipsilateral side c. sensory Impairment on the ipsilateral side d. sensory impairment on the contralateral side

a. motor Impairment on the contralateral side

The microfilaments that form a framework within a microvillus is formed by

actin

location of stereocilia

apical surface

All the following structures can be located within the plasmalemma of a cell EXCEPT one. The EXCEPTION is: a. Cholesterol b. Cytosol c. Integral proteins d. Lipid rafts

b. Cytosol

The connective tissue that is found in a tendon is: a. Dense, irregular b. Dense, regular c. Loose d. Reticular

b. Dense, regular

Collagen synthesis is a product of which of the following cells? a. Adipocytes b. Fibroblasts c. Mast cells d. Plasma cells

b. Fibroblasts

All the following statements about fibroblasts are true EXCEPT ONE. Which statement is the EXCEPTION? a. Are resident cells that develop from mesenchymal cells b. Frequently undergo mitosis in adults c. Secrete Type I collagen d. Secrete reticular fibers

b. Frequently undergo mitosis in adults

All the following statements about the plasmalemma of a cell are true EXCEPT : a. Has cholesterol in middle layer b. Has integral proteins that form a loose association with one of the two membrane surfaces. c. May have lipid rafts d. The external surface of the plasma membrane is hydrophilic. e. The internal surface of the plasma membrane is hydrophilic.

b. Has integral proteins that form a loose association with one of the two membrane surfaces.

The term used to describe the connective tissue that an epithelium lining the digestive tract rests upon is the: a. Dermis b. Lamina propria c. Papilla

b. Lamina propria

A free surface specialization that moves mucous in the trachea is the a. Basal lamina b. Cilia c. Microvilli d. Stereocilia

b. cilia

a lesion of the prefrontal cortex could lead to all of the following behaviors except: a. clownish behavior b. decreased intelligence c. lack of judgement d. vulgar language

b. decreased intelligence

all the following statements about hyaline cartilage are true except one. which one is the exception? a. avascular b. is composed of primarily type I collagen c. in the adult, only found at articular surfaces d. lacks innervation

b. is composed of primarily type I collagen

which of the following types of epithelia allows active and passive movement of substances through tissue? a. simple columnar b. simple squamous c. stratified cuboidal d. pseudostratified columnar

b. simple squamous

the region of the brain that consists of strongly interconnected nuclei that influence motor function via feedback to the cortex

basal ganglia

During endochondral bone formation, all the following statements are true EXCEPT: a. Bone forms directly from mesenchymal cells b. Cartilaginous bone model is first formed c. Bone first forms adjacent to the periosteum d. Epiphyseal plates can form to facilitate continued long bone growth

c. Bone first forms adjacent to the periosteum

The process by which a leukocyte migrates from a blood vessel into the connective tissue is called: a. Anaphylaxis b. Chemotaxis c. Diapedesis d. Pinocytosis

c. Diapedesis

The connective tissue cell that promotes an allergic response by releasing chemicals like histamine is the a. Fibroblast b. Macrophage c. Mast cell d. Plasma cell

c. Mast cell

The cytoskeletal component that forms near the nucleus that extends outward toward the plasma membrane is a. Actin b. Keratin c. Microtubules d. Vimentin

c. Microtubules

The mechanism by which extracellular fluid is brought into a cell is called a. Exocytosis b. Phagocytosis c. Pinocytosis d. Receptor-mediated endocytosis

c. Pinocytosis

All of the following statements about an epithelium are true except: a. avascular b. has a free surface c. has a limited capacity to divide d. nerve fibers e. has little EC material

c. has a limited capacity to divide

If a biopsy found malignant cells in an epithelium, the abnormal cell proliferation would be indicated by an increase in size and/or number of which of the following structures within the cells examined? a. Golgi apparatus b. Lipid rafts c. Nucleolus d. Smooth ER

c. nucleolus

sweat glands and smooth muscle of blood vessels on the face receive their autonomic innervation from the a. preganglionic fibers assc w cervical region of spinal chord b. preganglionic fibers assc w facial nerve c. preganglionic fibers assc w the thoracic region of the spinal chord d. preganglionic fibers assc w trigeminal nerve

c. preganglionic fibers assc w the thoracic region of the spinal chord

the regulation of bone metabolism occurs primarily in which type of bone

cancellous bone

dendritic processes of osteocytes communicate with other osteocytes via

canniculi

the predominant type of fiber found in the connective tissue deep to the skin is

collagen T I

what collagen fiber is in the bone matrix

collagen t1

location of intermediate fibers

cytoplasm

During intramembranous bone formation: a. Bone growth occurs through both interstitial and appositional growth mechanisms. b. Chondroblasts first forms a cartilaginous bone model c. Epiphyseal plates can form to facilitate continued long bone growth. d. Mesenchymal cells first differentiate into osteoblasts that secret osteoid

d. Mesenchymal cells first differentiate into osteoblasts that secret osteoid

Which organelle of the cell would be present in large numbers in cells requiring large amounts of energy? a. Endoplasmic reticulum b. Golgi apparatus c. Lysosome d. Mitochondria

d. Mitochondria

All the following are functions of the plasmalemma of a cell EXCEPT one. The EXCEPTION is: a. Communication via receptors b. Provides a flexible boundary that protects the contents of the cell c. Regulates entry and exit of materials into and from the cell d. Regulates transport between the cytoplasm and nucleus e. Separates substances outside the cell from those within the cell

d. Regulates transport between the cytoplasm and nucleus

The basal lamina is composed of glycoproteins (laminin and entactin) and a. Type I collagen b. Type II collagen c. Type III collagen d. Type IV collagen

d. Type IV collagen

Cadherins are adhesive molecules that join cells to adjacent cells via a. Desmosomes b. Hemidesmosomes c. Integrins d. Zonula adherens

d. Zonula adherens

The type of intercellular junction located adjacent to the apical surface of an epithelial cell used to seal off the intercellular space from the outside space is a: a. Desmosome b. Hemidesmosome c. Zonula adherens d. Zonula occludens

d. Zonula occludens

all of the following are a type of CT except: a. adipose b. blood c. bone d. muscle

d. muscle

all of the following are functions of the plasmalemma except: a. communication via receptors b. flexible boundary that protects contents c. regulates entry and exit d. regulates transport btwn cytoplasm and nucleus

d. regulates transport btwn cytoplasm and nucleus

All of the following statements about neurons are true except: a. one axon b. interneurons are multipolar c. is post mitotic d. sensory neurons are the most common

d. sensory neurons are the most common

the connective tissue that is found in a tendon is

dense, regular

discriminative tough (tactile sensation) from the right foot travels through which spinal tract?

dorsal column on the right (ipsilateral)

which of the cartilages have a perichondrium on its surfaces?

elastic cartilage

***********Certain nerve trunks are composed of several fascicles. Which of the ff entirely encloses these trunks

epineurium

collagen synthesis is a product of what cells?

fibroblasts

connexons are a type of what intercellular junction? a. desmosome b. gap c. hemidesmosome d. zonula adherens

gap

interstitial growth of cartilage occurs

in the epiphyseal growth plate

A problem involving a hormone being recognized by a receptor most likely involves

integral proteins

gap junctions location

lateral wall

hormone secreted by adipocytes that binds to receptors in the brain indicating satiety is

leptin

a girl comes in with a pierced lip, the sin around it is red and inflamed. The redness is most likely due to increased blood flow to what tissue

loose CT

the type of CT proper immediately adjacent to the epithelium is mostly

loose CT

the connective tissue cell that promotes an allergic response by releasing chemicals like histamine is

mast cell

which cells act as macrophages in the CNS?

microglia

motor nerves and interneurons are typically classified as

multipolar

A cell that is actively synthesizing proteins or is located with a rapidly growing tumor will have a large

nucleolus

long preganglionic, short postganglionic

parasympathetic

lack of cure for osteoarthritis is largely because

perichondrium is the only site of bone repair in adults

the mechanism by which bacterium is brought into a cell is

phagocytosis

which type of epithelia has all calls attatched to basal lamina, but not alll on free surface?

pseudostratified columnar

the mechanism by which ligand attaches to an integral protein to trigger an action of the cell is called

receptor mediated endocytosis

what epithelium secretes tears

simple cuboidal

the primary neuron cell body for pain sensation is located in the

spinal (dorsal) root ganglion

a free surface specialization only found on hair cells of the inner ear and in the epididymus of the male reproductive system

stereocilia

*********which epithelium is flat on the surface but cuboidal in the basal layer

stratified squamous

Short preganglionic, long postganglionic fibers

sympathetic NS

the predominant type of collagen found in reticular fibers is

type III

The pain sensation travels in a neuron typically classified as

unipolar

injury to the motor fiber tracts in the spinal chord would affect which motor neruons?

upper motor neruons