Biochemistry #2: The properties of water

What is the range of the pH scale

0-14

What is the maximum number of hydrogen bonds that a water molecule can form with other water molecules

4

The pH of most human cells should be between what two numbers

6 to 8

What number on the pH scale is neutral?

7

Name given to a solution that has more H+ ions than pure water

Acidic

Term that means that unlike molecules are attracted to one another as when water molecules stick to other substances

Adhesion

Name given to a solution that has less H+ ions than pure water

Basic

Example of a basic solution

Bleach

Substances produced by cells that prevent sharp and sudden changes in pH inside cells

Buffer

Term that means that like molecules are attracted to one another as when water molecules stick to each other

Cohesion

The property of a liquid whereby the surface becomes cooler when molecules of water with the highest energy can escape the surface

Evaporative cooling

What numbers on the pH scale indicate that a substance is a base

Greater than 7

The type of mixture in which the components are evenly mixed

Heterogeneous

The type of mixture in which the components are evenly mixed

Homogeneous

What type of weak bond is formed when the oxygen of one water molecule is attracted to the hydrogen of a different water molecule

Hydrogen Bond

Example of an acidic solution

Lemon juice

What numbers on the pH scale indicate that a substance is an acid

Less than 7

Name given to a substance composed of two or more elements or compound that are NOT chemically combined

Mixture

An unequal sharing of electron between atom that are covalently bonded together causes a molecule to be...

Polar

Describe the hydrogen bonding between water molecules in each state of matter:

Solid: molecules are hydrogen-bonded to one another and do not break Liquid: equal number of hydrogen bonds are being broken and formed at any given time. Gas: high temperatures cause bonds between molecules to be broken and disperse into a gas.

The component of a solution that gets dissolved

Solute

The component of a solution that does the dissolving

Solvent

A mixture of water and undissolved particles that are so small that they will not settle out

Suspension

3 properties of water that make life on Earth possible

Water is the "solvent of life" and can dissolve a wide variety of substances. Water is cohesive, so molecules stick together and remain liquid over a wide range of temps. Water has a high specific heat so it stabilize temps on Earth.

A measurement system used to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

pH scale