Bioenergy Module

How can bioenergy be used?

-Electricity -Liquid, solid, and gaseous fuels -heat -chemicals and other materials

What are some issues with bioethanol and biodiesel?

-Limited feedstock -Glycerin waste -Methanol waste and disposal -Competes with food -Benefit: readily usable in diesel engines -Not as energy concentrated -Clogs up their fuel pump (actually petrol clogs it) -Need more expensive fixtures to prevent corrosion

Food processing industry is largest industry in the US

-More people -We eat more food -processing wastes increase each year

Food processing?

-Removal of seeds, leaves, dirt -Washing -Blanching -Washing and cooling -Packaging

List 3 characteristic waste handling of food processing plants

1. High organic loads: rapid degradations effects municipal WTF or design of industrial treatment plants 2. High nutrient content: after all they come from food 3. Seasonal loads: i.e., vegetable canning, citrus juice (huge amount of waste, small period of time) 4. Small plants: cost and regulatory problems 5. Uncertain production costs-Energy environmental and raw material availability cost

Sources of food processing:

1. foods 2. feeds 3. leather 4. Textiles 5. Paper products 6. Industrial chemicals

Food waste: a potential feedstock

1.7 million tons annually in Florida Food waste is every ****ing where

How is bioenergy ranked in the US?

3% of total energy production and second in primary renewable after hydropower.

What are 1st, 2nd, and 3rd generation feedbacks?

Algae: 3rd generation biofuel

What is bioenergy?

Bioenergy is a renewable source of energy that comes from biomass. This process involves the conversion to of complex carbohydrates to energy. OM may be used directly as a fuel or can be processed into liquids and gasses.

Products of anaerobic digestion

Biogas: methane and co22 released through microbial metabolism MISSING

Biomass

Burned directly (plant OM)

Bioethanol

Corn and energy crops; produced from starch and cellulose components of energy

Uses of biomass

Direct use: fireplaces GRU Biomass plant: discussing a 100 MW project with American renewables that could be constrcuted at deerhaven station

Benefits of biofertilizer

Fertigation: nutrients converted to plant available form

What does renewable mean in the context of biomass?

Grows fast and is readily available: quickly replaces and recycled in nature in a time frame that is useful for human consumption

Crops to make biodiesel from?

Jatropha and Camelina

What are examples of biomass?

Jatropha, corn, energy crops, aquatic plants, trees. Agricultural food and feed crops Wood wastes and residues Municipal wastes and other waste materials

List 3 reasons we process foods

Look better Safer to eat Preservation: prevent spoilage, disease prevention Economics: can of beans cheaper than fresh beans Food diversity/variety Convenience Less waste? Field or home? Packaging?

List 3 feedstocks for biodiesel

OIL: Canola Soy Corn Algae Waste vegetable Animal byproducts

Old carbon vs new carbon

Old carbon, fossil fuels take time, whereas new carbon takes about 1-2 years.

What is biomass?

Plant derived organic matter that can be utilized on a renewable basis

Describe carbon neutrality in terms of bioenergy production

Plants grown to produce bioenergy offset the emissions produced by using bioenergy, there is no net gain of CO2 in the atmosphere

Biogas

Produced by certain strains of bacteria; Anaerobically, they break down biomass like animal manure and produce a combustable gas made of methane and CO2; used as a natural gas alternative

Biodiesel

Produced from new and recycled vegetable oils, tall oils, algae

Why bioenergy?

Renewable, natural processes, takes away reliance of nonrenewable traditional energy, should produce less pollutants

Closed loop food waste diversion

Society, food waste to an anaerobic digester to biogas OR biofertilizer,,,renewable nutrients and renewable energy

What are the three things that define wetland?

Water, plants, soil (hydrology, vegetation, soil)

Florida 75% recycling goal

We are way behind, with recycling its only about 30%. Food would bump that up

Is biomass considered carbon neutral?

Yes, because the biogas feedstock is grown to neutralize the emissions through photosynthesis.

What are bioenergy forms?

biomass, bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas