BIOL 1000-41 Introduction to Biology chapter 4

Which cellular system contains the nuclear envelope, the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, and vesicles?

Endomembrane system

Which organelle controls the structure and function of a eukaryotic cell?

Nucleus

Cell size is limited because ________ is critical to a cell's function.

Surface-area-to-volume ratio

Endosymbiosis was important in the evolution of.......

eukaryotic cells.

The outer meshwork of fibrous proteins and polysaccharides on the exterior of the cell surface of an animal cell is referred to as the

extracellular matrix.

The ______ of plants are used to store nutrients and ions.

vacuoles

The plant cell ....... lies outside the plasma membrane and allows the cell to stretch while growing, yet gives support to the cell.

wall

In animal cells, what cellular process do the centrioles play an important role in?

cell division

Which two organelles have more than one membrane?

chloroplasts and mitochondria

In plant cells, organelles called ............ use carbon dioxide, water and sunlight to perform photosynthesis.

chloroplasts or chloroplast

The respiratory tract uses......... to sweep debris and mucus back up into the throat.

cilia

Single celled eukaryotic organisms, such as protists, may use which of the following to move?

cilia flagella

The.......... of the cell is a network of protein filaments and tubules that gives support to the cell and may move organelles around inside the cell.

cytoskeleton

The portion of the eukaryotic cell that helps compartmentalize the cell, separating enzymatic reactions from one another, is the.........

endomembrane system.

The process by which chloroplasts were derived from photosynthetic bacteria is called.........

endosymbiosis

Electron microscopes

1. Uses beams of electrons instead of beams of light as their course of illumination. 2. Enables us to see the surface features and fine details of cells, and even more of the larger molecules within them.

The first prokaryotic cell appeared on Earth approximately_____________ billion years ago.

3.5

Which of the following are types of cytoskeletal components?

Actin filaments Intermediate filaments Microtubules

What type of cell junctions attach animal cells and yet permit flexibility?

Adhesion junctions

functions of the extra cellular matrix.

Assists in determining cell behavior and provides support for cells

What structures lie at right angles inside the centrosome and play a role as the major microtubule organizing center of the cell?

Centrioles

Select the two organelles that are directly involved in energy transformations in the cell. Multiple select question. Chloroplasts Mitochondria Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum

Chloroplasts Mitochondria

Which of the following terms describes the semifluid portion of a cell where chemical reactions take place?

Cytoplasm

All cells have some characteristics in common; both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have

Cytoplasm, a plasma membrane, and DNA.

A prokaryotic cell

Does not have a membrane-bound nucleus.

Which of these is an accurate description of the structure of a chloroplast?

Double smooth outer membranes with an inner space that contains enzymes and thylakoids.

The following are types of motor proteins

Dynein Kinesin Myosin

What contains fibrous proteins like collagen and elastin and is responsible for directing migrating cells during development?

Extracellular matrix

True or false: The extracellular matrix of a cell is only present in plant cells.

False The extracellular matrix plays important roles for animal cells.

What are the four main components of the endomembrane system?

Golgi apparatus Nuclear envelope Vesicles Endoplasmic reticulum

Which two organelles contain their own DNA?

Mitochondria Chloroplasts

Select the structure that is NOT associated with the nucleus. Multiple choice question. Mitochondrion Nucleolus Nucleoplasm Chromatin

Mitochondrion

Which of the following is a correct matching of an organelle and its function? 𓆤 Endoplasmic reticulum - houses DNA 𓆤 Golgi apparatus - protein synthesis 𓆤 Lysosome - transport 𓆤 Vacuole - control center 𓆤 Mitochondrion - cellular respiration

Mitochondrion - cellular respiration

Choose the three major features associated with the nucleus. Multiple select question. Cytoplasm Lysosomes Nucleolus Nucleoplasm Chromatin

Nucleolus Nucleoplasm Chromatin

What is the function of contractile vacuoles in aquatic protists?

Removal of excess water

Which of the following is an incorrect match? 𓆤 Golgi apparatus - protein alteration and packaging 𓆤 Mitochondria - production of cellular ATP 𓆤 Ribosomes - protein synthesis 𓆤 Lysosomes - cellular digestion 𓆤 Smooth endoplasmic reticulum - storage of water

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum - storage of water

three features that are characteristic of chloroplasts.

Stroma with enzymes Double membrane Thylakoids forming grana

True False The hydrophilic parts of the plasma membrane face the outside of the cell and the cytoplasm.

True

In tissues that stretch, what junctions hold adjacent cells together?

adhesion

Internal cytoplasmic plaques, joined by intercellular filaments, that help hold adjacent cells together are called:.......

adhesion junctions

internal cytoplasmic plaques, joined by intercellular filaments, that help hold adjacent cells together are called:

adhesion junctions

light microscope

allows us to see cells but not much of their complexity

Which eukaryotic group lacks a cell wall?

animals

stem cells

can divide almost indefinitely. contain all of the genetic information and internal structures to become almost any other type of cell. may be useful to treat macular degeneration, type 2 diabetes, and even Alzheimer disease. are unspecialized cells.

Which organelle contains stroma and thylakoids and is the site of photosynthesis?

chloroplasts

The process of endosymbiosis is supported by the discovery that chloroplasts

have their own DNA. reproduce with a process similar to binary fission.

Prokaryotes are typically _____ and _____ than eukaryotes.

less complex smaller

Choose all that apply. Stem cells are....... are highly specialized cells. can divide only a limited number of times. may be useful to treat macular degeneration, type 2 diabetes, and even Alzheimer disease. contain all of the genetic information and internal structures to become almost any other type of cell. are unspecialized cells. can divide almost indefinitely.

may be useful to treat macular degeneration, type 2 diabetes, and even Alzheimer disease. contain all of the genetic information and internal structures to become almost any other type of cell. are unspecialized cells. can divide almost indefinitely.

Which of the following are components of the cytoskeleton?

microtubules intermediate filaments actin filaments

A small structure within a cell that performs a particular function for the cell is a(n)_____.

organelle

Mitochondria and lysosomes carry out specific functions for the cell and are collectively called________________________

organelles

Ribosomes are important sites of........

protein synthesis.

Protein synthesis in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes takes place at the ..........

ribosome

In what ways do cells differ from each other?

size shape

Fill in the blank question. Unspecialized cells that have the potential to divide almost indefinitely to produce a variety of cell types are termed __________cells.

stem

The inner space of the chloroplast is called the........

stroma

the functions of the cytoskeleton.

structural support production of movement

Cell

the fundamental unit of life

Chloroplasts and mitochondria can both

transform energy in the cell.

Identify the two components of the cytoskeleton.

tubules protein filaments