BIOL 1020 Exam 2 Study Guide

Which statement best describes a mutualistic species relationship?

Both species increase their fitness by interacting with each other.

Which system pumps blood between the lungs and the body cells?

the circulatory system

Which statement is the definition of biogeography?

the study of species distributions across the planet

What is phototropism in plants?

A plant's shoots bend toward a light source as they grow.

Why is phosphorus important to the ecosystem?

All of these are reasons phosphorus is important.

Which of these species in a community would be affected by a decrease in bee populations?

All of these species would be affected. (humans deer birds mice)

Which example describes a primary consumer event?

An herbivore eats a few of the leaves from a tree.

Which statement describes what is most likely happening when you feel thirsty?

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is released from the pituitary gland.

Why do plants that grow in windows grow at an angle unless rotated?

Auxin collects on the sunny side and gibberellin on the dark side of the stem, making the stem grow unevenly.

Which statement regarding phototropism is correct?

Auxin is responsible for the elongation of cells on the shaded side of the plant stem.

Why are high fevers potentially deadly?

High fevers could unravel proteins in the body, including enzymes that are necessary for chemical reactions.

Select the equation that represents a nitrogen‑fixing reaction.

N2→NH3

Why is the application of fertilizer necessary for most agricultural crops?

Nutrients absorbed by crops do not return to farm soil, since crops are shipped away.

What are the products of double fertilization?

One sperm fertilizes the egg, and a second sperm fuses with non-egg cells to become the endosperm.

Which of the sentences describes guard cells?

Pairs of guard cells open and close stomata based on turgor pressure.

Which statement best explains positive feedback loops?

Positive feedback loops rapidly amplify the positive response to an input.

Which of the descriptions correctly distinguishes primary growth from secondary growth of plants?

Primary growth is growth from apical meristems in roots and shoots, whereas secondary growth is the thickening of older stems and roots.

Why is the sun the ultimate source of energy for all carnivores?

Some of the energy produced during photosynthesis passes from one trophic level to the next as herbivores eat producers and are then eaten by carnivores.

Which of the following is the result of the one-way path of energy flow through the ecosystem?

Tertiary consumers are often rare in an ecosystem.

Which of the following characterizations best describes a symbiotic relationship?

The organisms live in close association.

What happens to the central vacuole of plant cells in the absence of water?

The vacuole shrinks as water flows out.

Bees are a colonial species and live in hives with thousands of other bees. Which description is an example of commensalism?

a bee hive in a hollow tree

What is soil organic matter?

a mix of partially and completely decomposed organic material

The hypothalamus

acts as the body's thermostat.

Which statement is an example of a mutualistic interaction between species?

all of these (A clownfish lives in a sea anemone; the clownfish gets protection, and the anemone uses the clownfish as a lure to attract other fish that it will sting and eat. A large fish visits a cleaner fish that removes parasites by eating them off the affected areas. Bees get a food resource by visiting flowers, and flowers get pollinated by bee activities.)

Which of the following are parts of an ecosystem?

all of these (the amount of annual rainfall in a given area the soil chemistry in a given area the plant life present in a given area the animals living in a given area)

Certain plants produce runners or bulbs as a method of reproduction. This type of plant reproduction is called ______.

asexual reproduction

Which plant hormone is responsible for a plant's bending toward light?

auxin

Glucagon is released from the pancreas when

blood sugar drops too low.

Select the answer that arranges the anatomical units of the body from simplest to most complex.

cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

Which example best describes humus?

decomposed plants and animals

What type of biome is characterized by evergreen trees, with long and cold winters and only short summers?

taiga

If you wanted a plant to grow very tall, which hormone should you apply?

gibberellins

Shivering is the human body's way of producing heat when the internal temperature falls below a set point. This is an attempt to maintain

homeostasis.

By 2022, under new food safety regulations, which of the following is required to be labeled as a genetically modified food?

insect-resistant corn created through the insertion of bacterial genes.

In addition to water and sugar, plants require certain nutrients to grow. Certain bacteria present in fertile soil help plants obtain ______.

nitrogen

The maintenance of relatively stable volume, pressure, and solute concentration of bodily fluids, especially blood, is called

osmoregulation.

From which plant part does a seed develop?

ovule

In plants, fertilization takes place in the ______.

ovule

Eutrophication occurs when fertilizer runs off into rivers, streams, and lakes. This runoff leads to a chain of events that depletes ________.

oxygen

In a land-based food chain, producers are

plants.

Select the correct sequence of events in the water cycle.

precipitation, soil absorption, aquifer, ocean, evaporation, cloud formation

Burning fossil fuels disrupts the carbon cycle by

releasing large amounts of stored carbon into the atmosphere.

Plants take up nitrogen through their and carbon through their _.

roots; shoots

Wood is produced by the vascular cambium. What type of tissue accumulates to form wood?

secondary xylem

Which quality describes a trait that evolved for the primary purpose of deterring predators?

sharp quills on porcupines

The male reproductive structure of a flowering angiosperm is the ________.

stamen

The hypothalamus relies on ______ in the skin to signal internal and external changes in temperature.

thermoreceptors

Which of the following is consistent with organic farming practices?

using Bt toxin proteins as an insecticide

Competition is most likely to occur

when two species occupy overlapping niches.