BIOL 1106 Chapter 36 Quiz

Leaves often form at the nodes of a stem. What other structure is established at the nodes? A) An axillary bud, a product of primary shoot apical meristem. B) A petiole, which forms below the leaf and props up the tissue that joins the leaf to the stem. C) A terminal bud, which creates branching patterns in plants. D) Internodes, which split at each node to create more branches. E) Bundle scars, which allow the material above the node to slough off during seasons that don't favor growth.

A) An axillary bud, a product of primary shoot apical meristem.

Why does girdling a plant (removing a longitudinal section of tissue from the stem exterior to the vascular cambium) eventually kill it? A) Exterior to the vascular cambium is the bark. Removing the bark will damage the phloem and could thereby kill the tree through starvation of the roots. B) By removing material outside the vascular cambium, there will be no xylem or phloem to provide nutrition to distant parts of the plant. C) Water won't be able to travel from the soil to the leaves because vascular tissue was removed. D) Removing so much material will result in infection that inevitably kills the plant. E) Having a ring of damaged tissue extend the entire girth of the stem results in excessive energy being devoted to repair. This unfocused response means that resources are wasted trying to fix all the hurt areas at once.

A) Exterior to the vascular cambium is the bark. Removing the bark will damage the phloem and could thereby kill the tree through starvation of the roots.

Which of the following is not a basic plant tissue? A) pith B) ground tissue C) dermal tissue D) vascular tissue E) All of the selections are basic tissues.

A) pith

What gives pears gritty texture within their soft flesh? A) sclereids B) collenchyma C) tracheids D) parenchyma E) pits

A) sclereids

True or false: Venus flytraps kill in large part for nitrogen yet cannot survive in a nitrogen-rich environment. A) true B) false

A) true

Which statement is correct concerning stomata? A) Stomata are formed by guard cells and cells with many pores. B) A stoma is the space between two guard cells. C) Guard cells, like other epidermal cells, do not contain chloroplasts. D) Stomata exchange carbon dioxide, oxygen and liquid water.

B) A stoma is the space between two guard cells.

How is a root hair different from a trichome? A) Root hairs are made from many cells extending from the epidermis. Trichomes are extensions of epidermal cells. B) Root hairs are extensions of epidermal cells without cross-walls isolating them from the rest of their cells. On the other hand, trichomes are a cellular or multicellular outgrowths of the epidermis. C) Root hairs are glandular, providing nutrients for symbiotic associations with soil fungi, while trichomes cannot serve as glands. D) All of the choices distinguish root hairs from trichomes. E) None of the choices distinguish correctly between root hairs and trichomes.

B) Root hairs are extensions of epidermal cells without cross-walls isolating them from the rest of their cells. On the other hand, trichomes are a cellular or multicellular outgrowths of the epidermis.

Meristems act as origins of new tissues in a plant. What is the specific role of a lateral meristem? A) These give rise to leaves, which occur on each side of the shoot apical meristem. B) The lateral meristem is involved in the thickening of roots and shoots. C) Leaves are able to expand to form a sheet through the action of lateral meristems. D) Branches sprout out sideways through the activity of lateral meristems. E) Formation of large sideways expansion of plants occurs from lateral meristems, leading to the "bushy" appearance created by adding large boughs.

B) The lateral meristem is involved in the thickening of roots and shoots.

In roots, all the tissues interior to the _____ are collectively referred to as the stele. A) cortex B) endodermis C) pericycle D) pith E) xylem

B) endodermis

Rings in the stump of a tree reveal annual patterns of _______ growth. A) cortex B) vascular cambium C) dermal tissue D) cork cambium E) pith

B) vascular cambium

Which of the following is not derived from apical meristem? A) protoderm B) vascular cambium C) procambium D) ground meristem E) primary meristem

B) vascular cambium

What form of xylem elements appear to conduct water most efficiently? A) sieve cells B) vessels C) tracheids D) sieve tubes E) rays

B) vessels

The primary cell wall occurs farther from the plasma membrane than the secondary cell wall. Why is this? A) Enzymes diffuse away from the membrane, and thus they tend to have more activity farther away. B) The middle lamella, which causes plant cells to stick together, is responsible for the primary wall, while the cell membrane has the enzyme structures for making the secondary wall. C) Rosettes in the cell membrane lay down successive cell wall layers. Thus, the primary cell wall is formed first with the secondary wall pushing it outward over time. D) The primary cell wall is digested by the rosettes which eventually create the secondary wall in order to create room for the new material. E) Cellulose expands as it forms the semicrystalline wall, leading to older material being moved outward over time.

C) Rosettes in the cell membrane lay down successive cell wall layers. Thus, the primary cell wall is formed first with the secondary wall pushing it outward over time.

Select the correct matching of vascular tissue with function and elements. A) Xylem/food/tracheids B) xylem/water/sieve cells C) phloem/food/sieve-tube members D) phloem/water/sieve cells

C) phloem/food/sieve-tube members

Which of the following is responsible for keeping leaf surfaces cool and reducing evaporation? A) guard cells B) parenchyma cells C) trichomes D) vessels E) tracheids

C) trichomes

Which cells lack living protoplasts at maturity? A) Parenchyma B) Companion C) Collenchyma D) Sclerenchyma

D) Sclerenchyma

How are palisade mesophyll and stomata positioned usually in eudicot leaves? A) palisade/lower epidermis; stomata/ lower epidermis B) palisade/upper epidermis; stomata/ upper epidermis C) palisade/lower epidermis; stomata/ upper epidermis D) palisade/upper epidermis; stomata/ lower epidermis

D) palisade/upper epidermis; stomata/ lower epidermis

Which tissue is not part of periderm? A) cork B) cork phelloderm C) cork cambium D) phloem

D) phloem

What does the outward cell division of the root apical meristem produce? A) root hairs B) xylem C) branch roots D) root cap E) pith parenchyma

D) root cap

Which statement is NOT correct concerning parenchyma cells. A) The most common type of plant cell. B) Function in the storage of food and water. C) Less specialized than other cells. D) Photosynthetic parenchyma cells are called "chlorenchyma". E) None of the statements are incorrect.

E) None of the statements are incorrect.

What are the roles of SCARECROW (SCR) and WEREWOLF (WER) in root development? A) SCR makes the roots grow in absurd directions (as if there's no "brain" controlling them). WER makes roots "hairy" because it stimulates excessive differentiation of hairs from root epidermal cells. B) The wer protein results in cells with lots of root hairs, while scr creates a skinny root. C) The scr allele creates a skinny root (like a scarecrow that has lost its stuffing), while the wer allele attacks neighboring cells, killing them. D) Protein from SCR "turns on" the WER genes. E) The WER protein suppresses root hair development, while SCR creates and inner cell layer of endodermis surrounded by an outer layer of ground tissue.

E) The WER protein suppresses root hair development, while SCR creates and inner cell layer of endodermis surrounded by an outer layer of ground tissue.

Select the true comment about mature sclerenchyma cells. A) thin walled and contain no living protoplasts B) thin walled and often contain chloroplasts C) lignified and contain living protoplasts D) thick walled and contain living protoplasts E) lignified and usually contain no living protoplasts

E) lignified and usually contain no living protoplasts

Select the material, cell, organelle or tissue that is NOT relevant to gravity detection in plants. A) plastid B) starch grain C) columella cell D) amyloplast E) root hair

E) root hair