Biol 1209 Quiz 10 (review)

How is it possible that two individuals can have the SAME phenotype, but different GENOTYPES? Explain how this may/may not be true?

Genotype does not necessarily equal the same phenotype. An example would be brown eyes. Two people can have the same phenotype (brown eyes), but one person may have the homozygous dominant genotype (BB) whereas the other person may have the heterozygous genotype (Bb).

identify

Gingko (gymnosperms)

Fertilized - water seeds? no Vascular Tissue - no Dominant Form - gametophyte H2O Required for Fertilization - yes

Green Algae Bryophytes

symmetry : radial Tissue Organization :2 Body Cavity: acoelomate Digestive Opening:1

Hydra

identify brown algae

Laminaria

identify brown algae

Sargassum

Describe or give examples that illustrate how the bacteria E. coli can be both beneficial AND pathogenic in the human body.

Some people take PRObiotics (good E. coli strains) to aid in digestion and immune response. Other strains of bacteria are responsible for food poisoning, disease and possibly death.

Name three of the chemicals/components/substances we will be performing chemical assays for today

nitrate nitrite phosphate

Match the following plant classifications or plant example with their corresponding corrmon names or Spenophyta Pterophyta Angiosperms Gymnosperms Bryophyta Lycophyte hepatophyte chlorphyta

Spenophyta = horsetails Pterophyta = ferns Angiosperms = covered seeds Gymnosperms = naked seeds Bryophyta = moss Lycophyta = club mosses Hepatophyta = liverworths Chlorphyta = green algae

identify

Trpanosoma

phylum : Trypanosoma nutrition: heterotphs locomotion: flagella

Zoomastigophora(Trypanosoma)

Match the fungal phylums with their correct examples/groups zygomycota, chytridomycota, ascomycota, basidiomycota

Zygomycota- black bread mold Chytridomycota- water mold Ascomycota- sac or cup fungi Basidiomycota- bracket fungi, most all edible mushrooms, ruts and smuts

Explain how a spectrophotometer works and what it actually measures. You need to give me a detailed answer here for full credit. You could also draw a picture to make your point(s).

a spec uses a beam of light to shine through a liquid sample which gives the absorbance reading

identify lichen

crustose lichen (crusty)

phylum: foraminifera Nutrition: Heterotrophs Locomotion: Pseudopods

foraminifera

Based on the Linnean classification system, rank the categories below from MOST INCLUSIVE

domain. kingdom. phylum. class. order. family. genus. species

all of the community of organisms plus abiotic factors in the areas

ecosysytem

Name the three different schemes taxonomists used to group organisms?

evolution cladistic phenetic

identify the gammae and the gammae cups (Liverworths)

gammae cup is the cup like structure gammae is inside the cup (spores)

How was it possible to get a depth reading, but NOT a clarity reading at some of the sites?

it was to shallow not going deep enough for the pattern to disappear

Taxonony, or the classification of organisms based on similarities or differences, dates back to the 1700s. The person who is associated with developing a classification used today was whom?

Linneaus

At what temperature were the TSA plates incubated?

37 degree C

What is an antibiotic? Your answer should include the name of the antibiotic we used, how antibiotics work, what do they specifically work on or not on, etc.

ANTIbiotics are medications designed to kill BACTERIAL cells. They have no effect on viruses or molds/fungi. We used the antibiotic TETRACYCLINE in our experiment. Typically, antibiotics disrupt the bacterial membrane, which kills the cell.

What type of body cavity does the worm cross section shown below represent?

Acoelomate

identify

Anabaena (Cyanobacteria)

Fertilized - animal seeds? yes Vascular Tissue - yes Dominant Form - sporophyte H2O Required for Fertilization - no

Angiosperms

During lab, we did several chemical tests on water samples. For many of these tests, the presence of a particular chemical component was indicated by a COLOR CHANGE in the sample solution. From the list below, match the colors to their corresponding chemical test. You may need to go back to MOODLE and read some of the chemical test information cards since we did not perform ALL tests in each section.

Chlorophyll Test- green result Nitrite Test- pink result Dissolved Oxygen Test-yellow with percipate Ammonia Test- yellowish brown Phosphate Test- blue-violet result Nitrate Test- red result

identify E

Diatom

identify D

Dinoflagella

symmetry : bilateral tissue organization:3 body cavity :coelomate digestive Opening:2

Earthworm

symmetry : bilateral tissue organization:3 body cavity :acoelomate digestive Opening:1

Flatworm

identify lichen

Foliose lichen ( leafy)

Identify this bacteria

Foram

identify lichen

Fruticose lichen (bushy)

identify brown algae

Fucus

Fertilized - wind seeds? yes Vascular Tissue - yes Dominant Form - sporophyte H2O Required for Fertilization - no

Gymnosperms

Fertilized - water seeds? no Vascular Tissue - yes Dominant Form - sporophyte H2O Required for Fertilization - yes

Lycophytes Sphenospsids Pteropsids

Match the plant taxa with the correct character is possesses (which is gametophyte or sporophyte)

Only moss (bryophte) and spirogyra (green algae) are gametophyte

Match the plant taxa with the correct character is possesses( which has vascular tissue )

Only moss (bryophtes) and spirogyra (green algae) dont have vascular tissues

Phylum: ciliporha Nutrition: Heterotrophs Locomotion:cilia

Paramecium

symmetry: bilateral tissue organization:3 body cavity: acoelomate Digestive Opening:1

Plantaria

Symmetry:bilateral tissue organization: 3 body cavity:pseodocoelomate digestive opening :2

Roundworm

Symmetry:asymmetrical Tissue Organization: None Body cavity:pseodocoelomate Diversity openining : 0

Sponge

Genetic equilibrium (in terms of the Hardy-Weinberg equation) will only occur when five specific conditions exist.

The population in LARGE enough to be unaffected by random gene changes. There IS NOT gene flow. The are NO mutations occurring. There WILL be random mating. There WILL NOT \ be any natural selection occurring. Everyone produces SAME NUMBER of offspring.

Explain the importance of using a "blank" during the set up of your Chlamy tubes on Monday

a blank removes background noise from the sample that isn't attributed to the actual component

Identify the names of the structures labeled in the picture below. Also match the word "PHYLUM" to the correct phylum name this organism belongs to.

a= basidium phylum=basidiomycetes b=basidiospores

Name the three different phyletic groupings that are presented below:

a= mono b= polyp c=para

Identify the names of the structures labeled in the picture below. Also match the word "PHYLUM" to the correct phylum name this organism belongs to.

a= perithecium phylum= ascomyocetes b= ascospores

Match the bacterial shapes to their correct scientific names

a=cocci b=bacilli c=sprilli

Shown here are four typical outputs from using the computer program SIMUL386 that examines evolution and genetic equlibrium. Match the case scenario with the correct computer generated graphs shown below.

a=heterozygote advantage b= genetic drift c=genetic equilibrium d= selection

A _ is an alternative form of a gene.

allele

phylum: rhizopoda Nutrition: heterotrophs Locomotion: pseudopods

amoeba

identify fungi

birds nest fungi

Match the three body cavity types shown below with their correct terms

c=pseudocoelomate b=aceolomate a=coelomate

When we used the spectrophotometer, what were we ACTUALLY measuring (not indirectly measuring) in the tubes that gave us an ABSORBANCE value at 75A nm?

chlorophyll

What type of body cavity does the worm cross section shown below represent

coelomate

study of all organisms that inhibit a area

community ecology

identify strobilli

cone like structure at the top

Why did some group$ need to use multiple "blanks" for getting their initial readings, while other groups only had to o'blank'the machine once? Explain in detail the rationale for this.

depending on the treatment you had to blank mulitple times to remove background noise

phylum:bacillariophyta nutrition: autotrophs Locomotion : cilia

diatom

phylum: dinoglagellata Nutrition: Autotrophs/heter (both) Locomotion :flagella

dinoflagellates

the use of a superficial cleaner or disinfectant (such as 10% bleach or Lysol). It is designed to be a superficial cleaning of a surface (bench top wiped with 10% bleach) to reduce other living things from contaminating your experiment (i.e. the TSA plate), but it is only temporary.

disinfection

identify plant

female cycads (gymnosperms)

identify male and female cone

first = male cone second = female cone (pine cone)

Fungi use _______________________ as their carbohydrate storage form

glycogen

evolutionary timeline of plants from oldest to youngest

green plants land plants vascular plants seeded plants flowering plants

identify plant

male cycads (gymnosperms)

purpose of popGen program

mimincs the process of eveoluiton, observing and not observing genetic equilibrium (mo change in gene pool ; evolution not occuring)

What would be the correct order of structures that a food particle would pass through/by in an EARTHWORM

mouth, pharynx, aortic arches, seminal vesicles, esophagus, crop, gizzard, intestine

What is the ultimate source for all genetic variation?

mutation

The alternative or experimental hypothesis reflects that there will be an observed effect for our experiment. The null hypothesis reflects that there will be no observed effect for our experiment.

null vs alternative

Which taxa have seeds

only angiosperms (covered seeds i.e sunflower) gymnosperms (naked seeds i.e pine)

Match the plant taxa with the correct character is possesses. ( which uses animals & insects; water or wind for fertilization )

only sunflower (angiosperm) use animals and insects for fertilization only pine (gymnosperms) use wind as fertilization Rest uses water

Identify B

paramecium

p2 = homozygous dominant (BB, brown eyes) q2 = homozygous recessive (bb, blue eyes) 2pq = heterozygote (Bb, brown eyes) p = brown allele q = blue allele

p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1.0

identify archegonia

palm tree like structure at the top (produces eggs)

Match the following animal groups with the correct representative that we will be examining today platyheliminthes annelid nemotods

plathyheliminthes = flatworms (plantaria) annelid =earthworms (segmented worms) nematode= roundworms (ascaris)

distribution and abundance of a population of species over time

population ecology

Difference between polyp vs medusa cindarian

polyp are sessile and do not move, they have tentacles that flow upwards Medusa are free-swimming like jellyfish and have stinger flowing downwards

List two examples of BIOTIC FACTORS that we will examine as we set up our tubes today. The lab manual mentioned a total of four.

predators and mates = competition

What type of body cavity does the worm cross section shown below represent?

pseudocoelomate

identify A

radiolarian

phylum:actinopoda Nutrition: heterotrophs Locomotion: pseudopods

radiozoan

What is the name of the instrument used to estimate water clarity and water depth? Spelling counts, so indicate your answer with one space between the two words

secchi disk

In the case of GENETIC DRIFT, what is the single most contributing factor that contributes to an allele becoming fixed in the population

small population size

sponges vs coral

sponges are Proifera, no tissue layer . Corals are Cindarians with two tissue layers

Name three (3) ways in which we used sterile technique in preparing our stock plates last week.

sterile tips on pippette wore gloves wiped bench down with 10% bleach

the use of elevated heat (typically above 212°F or 100°C) and pressure (using an autoclave). It is designed to kill/inactivate ALL living material. For example, we autoclaved the tips, spreaders, plates for the experiment prior to use.

sterilization

List two examples of ABIOTIC FACTORS that we will examine as we set up our tubes today. The lab manual mentioned a total of six.

temperture and pH

Why did we need to take our readings of the Chlamy tubes relatively fast when we put them in the spectrophotometer? Explain and or draw your reasoning below.

the cells are photoectic and move towards the light, so for the most accurate reading we need to jot the first number that appears

What does "TSA" stand for

tryptic soy agar

Explain how we will measure the increase or decrease in the number of Chlamydomonas cells in our tubes between each reading. Be specific.

using the spectrophotometer measuring chlorophyll

What is the name of the structure the arrow is pointing to in this picture? Rhizopus

zygosporangium and the pink lines are hypae